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arXiv 2019年

作者： Dong, Royce Fan, Zheng Liao, Jie Qavi, Abraham Long, Gui-Lu Yang, Lan Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMO63110 United States State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing100084 China

Microbubble whispering-gallery resonators have shown great promise in fiber-optic communications because of their low confinement loss and hollow cores, which allow for facile stress-based tunability. Usually, the transmission spectrum of taper-coupled microbubbles contains closely spaced modes due to the relatively large radii and oblate geometry of microbubbles. In this letter, we develop an optical add-drop filter using a microbubble coupled to fiber taper and angle-polished fiber waveguides. Because of the extra degree of freedom in the angle of its polish surface, the angle-polished fiber can be used for the discriminatory excitation of certain radial-order modes in the optical microcavity, reducing the high modal density and enhancing add-drop selectivity. Our robust and tunable add-drop filter demonstrated a drop efficiency of 85.9% and quality factor of 2 x 107, corresponding to a linewidth of 9.68 MHz. As a proof of concept, the drop frequency was tuned using internal aerostatic pressure at a rate of 7.3 ± 0.2 GHz/bar with no diminishing effects on the add-drop filter performance. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Control relaxation via dephasing: A quantum-state-diffusion study

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Physical Review A 2018年第1期97卷 012104-012104页

作者： Jun Jing Ting Yu Chi-Hang Lam J. Q. You Lian-Ao Wu Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang China Department of Theoretical Physics and History of Science University of the Basque Country EHU UPV P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain and Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 China Center for Controlled Quantum Systems and Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey 07030 USA Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China

Dynamical decoupling as a quantum control strategy aims at suppressing quantum decoherence adopting the popular philosophy that the disorder in the unitary evolution of the open quantum system caused by environmental noises should be neutralized by a sequence of ordered or well-designed external operations acting on the system. This work studies the solution of quantum-state-diffusion equations by mixing two channels of environmental noises, i.e., relaxation (dissipation) and dephasing. It is interesting to find in two-level and three-level atomic systems that a non-Markovian relaxation or dissipation process can be suppressed by a Markovian dephasing noise. The discovery results in an anomalous control strategy by coordinating relaxation and dephasing processes. Our approach opens an avenue of noise control strategy with no artificial manipulation over the open quantum systems.

关键词： Open quantum systems & decoherence quantum fluctuations & noise

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Structural magnetic glassiness in spin ice Dy2Ti2O7

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Samarakoon, Anjana M. Sokolowski, André Klemke, Bastian Feyerherm, Ralf Meissner, Michael Borzi, R.A. Ye, Feng Zhang, Qiang Dun, Zhiling Zhou, Haidong Egami, T. Hallén, Jonathan N. Jaubert, Ludovic Castelnovo, Claudio Moessner, Roderich Grigera, S.A. Alan Tennant, D. Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL United States Shull Wollan Center - A Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory TN37831 United States Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie BerlinD-14109 Germany Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos UNLP-CONICET La Plata Argentina Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Shull Wollan Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory TN37831 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States TCM Group Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Dresden01187 Germany CNRS Université de Bordeaux LOMA UMR 5798 Talence33400 France Quantum Science Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37821 United States

The origin and nature of glassy dynamics presents one of the central enigmas of condensed matter physics across a broad range of systems ranging from window glass to spin glasses. The spin ice compound Dy2Ti2O7, which is perhaps best known as hosting a three-dimensional Coulomb spin liquid with magnetically charged monopole excitations, also falls out of equilibrium at low temperature. How and why it does so remains an open question. Based on an analysis of low-temperature diffuse neutron scattering experiments employing different cooling protocols alongside recent magnetic noise studies, combined with extensive numerical modelling, we argue that upon cooling, the spins freeze into what may be termed a ‘structural magnetic glass’, without an a priori need for chemical or structural disorder. Specifically, our model indicates the presence of frustration on two levels, first producing a near-degenerate constrained manifold inside which phase ordering kinetics is in turn frustrated. A remarkable feature is that monopoles act as sole annealers of the spin network and their pathways and history encode the development of glass dynamics allowing the glass formation to be visualized. Our results suggest that spin ice Dy2Ti2O7 provides one prototype of magnetic glass formation specifically, and a setting for the study of kinetically constrained systems more generally. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Glass

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Optimal thermal rectification of heterojunctions under Fourier law

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Physical Review E 2018年第4期98卷 042131-042131页

作者： Yu Yang Hongyuan Chen Huan Wang Nianbei Li Lifa Zhang Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science School of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China Institute of Systems and Department of Physics College of Information Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China

The macroscopic heterojunction materials under Fourier law can present a thermal rectification effect due to their asymmetrical property, where the opposite temperature dependence of thermal conductivity for two junctions plays a important role. Here we investigate the relation between the rectification ratio and the coefficients of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of the junctions. For heterojunction materials with linear temperature-dependent thermal conductivities, the maximal rectification ratio is predicted to be 0.5. For the quadratic temperature-dependent–thermal-conductivity case, the maximal rectification ratio can be improved to about 0.86. The thermal rectification can asymptotically approach a maximum value of 1 for high-order–temperature-dependent cases. To obtain the optimal thermal rectification, we present a temperature-dependent thermal-conductivity function law which gives practical guidance for searching an ideal thermal diode.

关键词： Transport phenomena

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Transforming heat transfer with thermal metamaterials and devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Ying Li, Wei Han, Tiancheng Zheng, Xu Li, Jiaxin Li, Baowen Fan, Shanhui Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical Engineering Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

| The demand for sophisticated tools and approaches in heat management and control has triggered fast development of emerging fields including conductive thermal metamaterials, nanophononics, far-field and near-field radiative thermal management, etc. In this review, we cast a unified perspective on the control of heat transfer, based on which the related studies can be considered as complementary paradigms toward manipulating physical parameters and realizing unprecedented phenomena in heat transfer using artificial structures, such as thermal conductivity in heat conduction, thermal emissivity in radiation, and properties related to multi-physical effects. The review is divided into three parts that focus on the three main categories of heat flow control, respectively. Thermal conduction and radiation are emphasized in the first and second parts at both macro- and micro-scale. The third part discusses the efforts to actively introduce heat sources or tune the material parameters with multi-physical effects in both conduction and radiation, including works using thermal convection. We conclude the review with challenges in this research topic and new possibilities about topological thermal effects, heat waves, and quantum thermal effects. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV/n to 2.2 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

引用

Physical Review Letters 2020年第25期125卷 251102-251102页

作者： O. Adriani Y. Akaike K. Asano Y. Asaoka M. G. Bagliesi E. Berti G. Bigongiari W. R. Binns M. Bongi P. Brogi A. Bruno J. H. Buckley N. Cannady G. Castellini C. Checchia M. L. Cherry G. Collazuol K. Ebisawa H. Fuke S. Gonzi T. G. Guzik T. Hams K. Hibino M. Ichimura K. Ioka W. Ishizaki M. H. Israel K. Kasahara J. Kataoka R. Kataoka Y. Katayose C. Kato N. Kawanaka Y. Kawakubo K. Kobayashi K. Kohri H. S. Krawczynski J. F. Krizmanic J. Link P. Maestro P. S. Marrocchesi A. M. Messineo J. W. Mitchell S. Miyake A. A. Moiseev M. Mori N. Mori H. M. Motz K. Munakata S. Nakahira J. Nishimura G. A. de Nolfo S. Okuno J. F. Ormes N. Ospina S. Ozawa L. Pacini F. Palma P. Papini B. F. Rauch S. B. Ricciarini K. Sakai T. Sakamoto M. Sasaki Y. Shimizu A. Shiomi R. Sparvoli P. Spillantini F. Stolzi S. Sugita J. E. Suh A. Sulaj M. Takita T. Tamura T. Terasawa S. Torii Y. Tsunesada Y. Uchihori E. Vannuccini J. P. Wefel K. Yamaoka S. Yanagita A. Yoshida K. Yoshida Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1—50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone 1—50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo 162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 53100 Siena Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3—56127 Pisa Italy Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis Missouri 63130-4899 USA Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC) National Research Council (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 35131 Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 35131 Padova Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561

In this paper, we present the measurement of the energy spectra of carbon and oxygen in cosmic rays based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station from October 2015 to October 2019. Analysis, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties, and results are reported. The energy spectra are measured in kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2.2 TeV/n with an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness corresponding to 1.3 nuclear interaction length. The observed carbon and oxygen fluxes show a spectral index change of ∼0.15 around 200 GeV/n established with a significance >3σ. They have the same energy dependence with a constant C/O flux ratio 0.911±0.006 above 25 GeV/n. The spectral hardening is consistent with that measured by AMS-02, but the absolute normalization of the flux is about 27% lower, though in agreement with observations from previous experiments including the PAMELA spectrometer and the calorimetric balloon-borne experiment CREAM.

关键词： Cosmic ray acceleration Cosmic ray composition & spectra Cosmic ray propagation Cosmic ray sources Cosmic rays & astroparticles

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Rough boundary effect in thermal transport: A Lorentz gas model

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Physical Review E 2018年第3期98卷 032131-032131页

作者： Hongyuan Chen Huan Wang Yu Yang Nianbei Li Lifa Zhang Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science School of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China Institute of Systems Science and Department of Physics College of Information Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China

A Lorentz gas model with rough periodic boundary conditions is proposed to investigate the boundary effect on thermal transport of noninteracting particles. The normal thermal transport is confirmed as the linear temperature gradient, and length independent thermal conductivity is obtained. We demonstrate that the thermal conductivity indeed decreases as the degree of roughness increases, which is consistent with previous works. Furthermore, we find that the thermal conductivity is oscillating with the degree of the boundary roughness. This interesting phenomenon is related to the successful transport probability of particles, which results from the interference between transporting particles and the periodic boundary conditions.

关键词： Classical transport Transport phenomena

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Experimental Machine Learning of quantum States

引用

Physical Review Letters 2018年第24期120卷 240501-240501页

作者： Jun Gao Lu-Feng Qiao Zhi-Qiang Jiao Yue-Chi Ma Cheng-Qiu Hu Ruo-Jing Ren Ai-Lin Yang Hao Tang Man-Hong Yung Xian-Min Jin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055 China

quantum information technologies provide promising applications in communication and computation, while machine learning has become a powerful technique for extracting meaningful structures in “big data.” A crossover between quantum information and machine learning represents a new interdisciplinary area stimulating progress in both fields. Traditionally, a quantum state is characterized by quantum-state tomography, which is a resource-consuming process when scaled up. Here we experimentally demonstrate a machine-learning approach to construct a quantum-state classifier for identifying the separability of quantum states. We show that it is possible to experimentally train an artificial neural network to efficiently learn and classify quantum states, without the need of obtaining the full information of the states. We also show how adding a hidden layer of neurons to the neural network can significantly boost the performance of the state classifier. These results shed new light on how classification of quantum states can be achieved with limited resources, and represent a step towards machine-learning-based applications in quantum information processing.

关键词： Machine learning quantum communication quantum computation quantum entanglement

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Experimental evidence of crystal symmetry protection for the topological nodal line semimetal state in ZrSiS

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Physical Review B 2019年第20期100卷 205124-205124页

作者： C. C. Gu J. Hu X. L. Chen Z. P. Guo B. T. Fu Y. H. Zhou C. An Y. Zhou R. R. Zhang C. Y. Xi Q. Y. Gu C. Park H. Y. Shu W. G. Yang L. Pi Y. H. Zhang Y. G. Yao Z. R. Yang J. H. Zhou J. Sun Z. Q. Mao M. L. Tian Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 People's Republic of China Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurement (Ministry of Education) Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Center for Computational Sciences Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China Insititute of Physical Science and Information Technology School of Physics and Materials Science Anhui University Hefei 230601 China HPCAT Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China High Pressure Synergetic Consortium Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 People's Republic of China Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16803 USA

Tunable symmetry breaking plays a crucial role for the manipulation of topological phases of quantum matter. Here, through combined high-pressure magnetotransport measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate a pressure-induced topological phase transition in nodal-line semimetal ZrSiS. Symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations suggest that this pressure-induced topological phase transition may be attributed to weak lattice distortions by nonhydrostatic compression, which breaks some crystal symmetries, such as the mirror and inversion symmetries. This finding provides some experimental evidence for crystal symmetry protection for the topological semimetal state, which is at the heart of topological relativistic fermion physics.

关键词： Pressure effects Topological materials Raman spectroscopy

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Single-Nitrogen-vacancy-center quantum memory for a superconducting flux qubit mediated by a ferromagnet

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Lai, Yen-Yu Lin, Guin-Dar Twamley, Jason Goan, Hsi-Sheng Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University NSW2109 Australia

We propose a quantum memory scheme to transfer and store the quantum state of a superconducting flux qubit (FQ) into the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond via yttrium iron garnet (YIG), a ferromagnet. Unlike an ensemble of NV centers, the YIG moderator can enhance the effective FQ-NV-center coupling strength without introducing additional appreciable decoherence. We derive the effective interaction between the FQ and the NV center by tracing out the degrees of freedom of the collective mode of the YIG spins. We demonstrate the transfer, storage, and retrieval procedures, taking into account the effects of spontaneous decay and pure dephasing. Using realistic experimental parameters for the FQ, NV center and YIG, we find that a combined transfer, storage, and retrieval fidelity higher than 0.9, with a long storage time of 10 ms, can be achieved. This hybrid system not only acts as a promising quantum memory, but also provides an example of enhanced coupling between various systems through collective degrees of freedom. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ferromagnetism

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