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A perspective on describing nucleonic flow and pionic observables within the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 105-118页

作者： Yang-Yang Liu Jun-Ping Yang Yong-Jia Wang Qing-Feng Li Zhu-Xia Li Cheng-Jun Xia Ying-Xun Zhang China Nuclear Data Center China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Science Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China

In this work,we study the impacts of the isospin-independent momentum-dependent interaction(MDI)and near-threshold NN→NΔcross sections(σ_(NN→NΔ))on the nucleonic flow and pion production observables in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics(UrQMD)*** the updated isospin-independent MDI and the near-threshold NN→NΔcross sections in the Ur QMD model,17 observables,which are the directed flow(v_(1))and elliptic flow(v_(2))of neutrons,protons,Hydrogen(H),and charged particles as a function of transverse momentum(p_t∕A)or normalized rapidity(y^(lab)_0),and the observables constructed from them,the charged pion multiplicity(M(π))and its ratio(M(π^(-))∕M(π^(+))),can be simultaneously described at certain forms of symmetry *** refinement of the UrQMD model provides a solid foundation for further understanding the effects of the missed physics,such as the threshold effect,the pion potential,and the momentum-dependent symmetry *** constraints on the symmetry energy at the flow characteristic density 1.2±0.6ρ_(0)and the pion characteristic density 1.5±0.5ρ_(0)were obtained with the current version of UrQMD,and the corresponding symmetry energies were S(1.2ρ_(0))=34±4 MeV and S(1.5ρ_(0))=36±8 MeV,***,the discrepancies between the data and the calculated results of v_(2)^(n)and v_(2)^(9)at high p_(t)(rapidity)imply that the roles of the missing ingredients,such as the threshold effect,the pion potential,and the momentum-dependent symmetry potential,should be investigated by differential observables,such as the momentum and rapidity distributions of the nucleonic and pionic probes over a wide beam energy range.

关键词： Momentum dependent interaction NN→NΔcross section Symmetry energy Flow andπobservable

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Design of a LYSO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter for dark photon detection in the DarkSHINE experiment

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 69-84页

作者： Zhi-Yu Zhao Qi-Bin Liu Ji-Yuan Chen Jing Chen Jun-Feng Chen Xiang Chen Chang-Bo Fu Jun Guo Kim Siang Khaw Liang Li Shu Li Dan-Ning Liu Kun Liu Si-Yuan Song Tong Sun Jian-Nan Tang Yu-Feng Wang Zhen Wang Wei-Hao Wu Hai-Jun Yang Yu-Ming Lin Rui Yuan Yu-Lei Zhang Yun-Long Zhang Bai-Hong Zhou Xu-Liang Zhu Yi-Fan Zhu Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University1 Lisuo RoadShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and Astronomy800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

This paper presents the design and optimization of a lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate(LYSO)crystal electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)for the DarkSHINE experiment,which aims to identify dark photons as potential mediators of dark *** ECAL design was evaluated through comprehensive simulations,focusing on optimizing dimensions,material selection,energy distribution,and energy *** configuration consisted of 21×21×11 LYSO crystals,each measuring 2.5 cm×2.5 cm×4 cm,arranged in a staggered layout to enhance signal detection efficiency.A 4 GeV energy dynamic range was established to ensure accurate energy measurements without saturation,which is essential for background rejection and signal identification.A detailed digitization model was developed to simulate scintillation,silicon photomultiplier,and analog-to-digital converter behaviors,providing a realistic representation of the detector's ***,the study assessed radiation damage in the ECAL region,emphasizing the importance of using radiation-resistant scintillators and silicon sensors.

关键词： Electromagnetic calorimeter LYSO Scintillator detector Light dark matter Dark photon

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Superradiant growth anomaly magnification in evolution of vector bosonic condensates bounded by a Kerr black hole with near-horizon reflection

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第4期68卷 62-81页

作者： Nayun Jia Yin-Da Guo Gui-Rong Liang Zhan-Feng Mai Xin Zhang Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(Ministry of Education)Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Ultralight vector particles can form evolving condensates around a Kerr black hole(BH)due to superradiant *** study the effect of near-horizon reflection on the evolution of this system:by matching three pieces of asymptotic expansions of the Proca equation in Kerr metric and considering the leading order in the electric mode,we present explicit analytical expressions for the corrected spectrum and the superradiant instability ***,in high-spin BH cases,we identify an anomalous situation where the superradiance rate is temporarily increased by the reflection parameter R,which also occurs in the scalar scenario,but is largely magnified in vector condensates due to a faster growth rate in dominant *** point out that the condition for the growth anomaly in the adiabatic case is that information carried per particle exceeds a certain value δ1/δN>2πκ_(B)√(1+R)/(1-R).We further construct several featured quantities to illustrate it,and formalize the anomalyinduced gravitational wave strain deformation.

关键词： superradiance ultralight boson black hole gravitational wave near-horizon reflection

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PandaX-xT——A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 105-120页

作者： Abdusalam Abdukerim Zihao Bo Wei Chen Xun Chen Chen Cheng Zhaokan Cheng Xiangyi Cui Yingjie Fan Deqing Fang Lisheng Geng Karl Giboni Linhui Gu Xunan Guo Xuyuan Guo Zhichao Guo Chencheng Han Ke Han Changda He Jinrong He Di Huang Junting Huang Zhou Huang Ruquan Hou Yu Hou Xiangdong Ji Yonglin Ju Chenxiang Li Jiafu Li Mingchuan Li Shuaijie Li Tao Li Qing Lin Jianglai Liu Congcong Lu Xiaoying Lu Lingyin Luo Yunyang Luo Wenbo Ma Yugang Ma Yajun Mao Yue Meng Xuyang Ning Binyu Pang Ningchun Qi Zhicheng Qian Xiangxiang Ren Nasir Shaheed Xiaofeng Shang Xiyuan Shao Guofang Shen Lin Si Wenliang Sun Yi Tao Anqing Wang Meng Wang Qiuhong Wang Shaobo Wang Siguang Wang Wei Wang Xiuli Wang Xu Wang Zhou Wang Yuehuan Wei Mengmeng Wu Weihao Wu Yuan Wu Mengjiao Xiao Xiang Xiao Binbin Yan Xiyu Yan Yong Yang Chunxu Yu Ying Yuan Zhe Yuan Youhui Yun Xinning Zeng Minzhen Zhang Peng Zhang Shibo Zhang Shu Zhang Tao Zhang Wei Zhang Yang Zhang Yingxin Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Li Zhao Jifang Zhou Ning Zhou Xiaopeng Zhou Yong Zhou Yubo Zhou Zhizhen Zhou New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Tsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MoE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai 200240China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu 610213China School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinesen Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.Chengdu 610051China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Physics University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Research Center for Particle Science and Technology Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China SJTU Paris Elite I

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground *** new experiment,PandaX-xT,will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon,ultra-low background,and general-purpose *** full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active *** an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and *** sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits,approaching the so-called“neutrino floor”for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c^(2),providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive particle *** searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of^(136)Xe isotope in the detector,the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10-41 meV/c^(2) sensitivity,providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of *** neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level,opening up new windows of *** on the findings,PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.

关键词： dark matter neutrino less double beta decay astrophysical neutrinos liquid xenon

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Dark gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with a massless dark photon

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Journal of High Energy physics 2025年第5期2025卷 1-45页

作者： Batell, Brian Kim, Yechan Lee, Hye-Sung Lee, Jiheon Pittsburgh Particle Physics Astrophysics and Cosmology Center Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh 15217 PA United States Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 South Korea Theoretical Physics Department CERN 1 Esplanade des Particules Geneva 23 CH-1211 Switzerland

We study dark gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (dark GMSB) in a theory with a new unbroken U(1)D local symmetry and massless dark photon. Messenger fields charged under both Standard Model and dark gauge symmetri... 详细信息

We study dark gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (dark GMSB) in a theory with a new unbroken U(1)_D local symmetry and massless dark photon. Messenger fields charged under both Standard Model and dark gauge symmetries produce new soft supersymmetry-breaking terms due to gauge kinetic mixing between U(1)_Y hypercharge and U(1)_D. We show that large kinetic mixing induces significant distortions to the superpartner spectra relative to conventional GMSB. Notably, shifts in the Higgs soft masses impact the conditions for electroweak symmetry breaking, lowering the μ parameter and yielding a relatively light Higgsino that may be accessible at the LHC. Furthermore, for very simple messenger representations, a very light bino-dark photino mixed state is present in the spectrum, which may be probed through exotic Higgs boson decays at future Higgs factories. We also examine the cosmological and phenomenological consequences of the messengers, the lightest of which is absolutely stable and carries fractional electric charge. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： New Gauge Interactions New Light particles Supersymmetry

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Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory:constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions

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Chinese physics C 2025年第4期49卷 199-208页

作者： Qi-Ming Fu Xin Zhang Institute of Physics Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723000China Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Provinceand Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoELanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in the context of the so-called energy-momentum squared gravity(EMSG)*** research shows that the EMSG theory can reproduce a viable background cosmological evolution comparable toΛCDM,whereas the matter-dominated era exhibits slight *** this paper,we focus on power-law EMSG models and derive the equations for the linear cosmological *** explore the propagation of the gravitational wave(GW)and the growth of matter density perturbation at the first order,and we estimate the model parameters from the simulated GW and observed redshift space distortion *** analysis reveals that the model parameters should be small and positive in the confidence interval,which indicates that the theory agrees closely with the observational data and can be considered an alternative to the standard cosmological model.

关键词： energy-momentum squared gravity cosmological perturbations gravitational wave cosmological parameters

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Layout optimization and performance analysis of large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

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Chinese physics C 2025年第3期49卷 161-170页

作者： Zhipeng Zhang Ruizhi Yang Shoushan Zhang Zhen Xie Jiali Liu Liqiao Yin Yudong Wang Lingling Ma Zhen Cao School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsBeijing 100049China Department of Physics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610299China

The large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes(LACT)is a planned array of 32 Cherenkov telescopes,each featuring 6-m diameter mirrors,to be constructed at the LHAASO *** study focused on optimizing the array layout and analyzing the performance of *** observation modes were examined:large zenith angle observations for ultra-high energy events and small zenith angle observations for lower energy *** large zenith angles(60°),simulations indicate that an 8-telescope subarray can achieve an effective area of 3km^(2)with excellent angular *** small zenith angles,we optimized the layout of 4-telescope cells and the full 32-telescope *** energy threshold of the full array is approximately 200 GeV,which is particularly crucial for studying transient phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts(GRBs)and active galactic nuclei(AGNs).This study provides essential guidance for finalizing the LACT layout design and estimating performance under various observational *** also highlights the potential of LACT for conducting deep observations of ultra-high energyγ-ray sources,performing morphological studies of PeVatrons,and advancing time-domainγ-ray astronomy.

关键词： IACT γ-ray LHAASO

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Inching toward the QCD axions with axion magnetic resonance in helioscopes

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Journal of High Energy physics 2025年第3期2025卷 1-23页

作者： Seong, Hyeonseok Sun, Chen Yun, Seokhoon Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 Hamburg 22607 Germany Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos 87545 NM United States Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11 Trieste 34151 Italy Particle Theory and Cosmology Group Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 South Korea

Utilizing a helical magnet profile to enhance axion-photon conversion showed great promise in laboratory searches for high axion masses. We extend the mechanism, known as the axion-magnetic resonance (AMR), from laser experiments to axion helioscopes and demonstrate its potential in covering QCD axion parameter space. Specifically, we apply AMR to the CAST experiment legacy, make projections for the upcoming IAXO experiment, and assess its implications for both axion-like particles and QCD axions. We observe considerable improvement in the experiment’s sensitivity reach in all cases. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Axions and ALPs cosmology of Theories BSM

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Cosmological perturbations of a relativistic MOND theory

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Physical Review D 2025年第6期111卷 063547-063547页

作者： Jai-chan Hwang Hyerim Noh Particle Theory and Cosmology Group Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34051 Republic of Korea Theoretical Astrophysics Group Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea

A relativistic MOND theory, promising in reproducing cosmology as well as the MOND phenomenology in the low acceleration regime, was recently proposed. We present the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation and relativistic perturbation equations of this theory in cosmological context. The PN equations are presented to 1PN order and perturbation equations are presented in fully-nonlinear and exact forms. The gauge issues are clarified. The 1PN equations and linear perturbation equations are presented without imposing temporal gauge conditions. We show that to 0PN order baryon perturbation grows faster in the MOND regime. The MOND field can be interpreted as a fluid with specific equation of state without anisotropic stress, and the Jeans criterion is derived for the MOND field.

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Charged Higgs search in 2HDM

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Journal of High Energy physics 2025年第5期2025卷 1-24页

作者： Li, Juxiang Song, Huayang Su, Shufang Su, Wei School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen P.R. China Particle Theory and Cosmology Group Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Korea Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson USA

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the collider search limits on the charged Higgses in the four types of Two Higgs Double Models (2HDM). In addition to constraints from flavor physics measurements, we include both the LEP charged Higgs search channels, as well as the LHC search results on the light and heavy charged Higgses. We consider both the conventional charged Higgs search channels of H± → τν, cs, cb, tb, and the latest search results on the exotic decay channels H± → AW±/HW±. We find that H± → AW±/HW± are complementary to the conventional fermionic channels for $$ {m}_{H^{\pm }} $$ < mt. For heavy H±, H± → AW±/HW± extend the reach of tan β beyond that of H± → tb in the Type-L 2HDM. We also present the combined reach of all the neutral and charged Higgs searches.

关键词： Multi-Higgs Models Specific BSM Phenomenology

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