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Model-independent H0 within FLRW: Joint constraints from GWTC-3 standard sirens and strong lensing time delays

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Song, Ji-Yu Qi, Jing-Zhao Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics College of Sciences Northeastern University Liaoning Province Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

The Hubble tension has emerged as a critical crisis in cosmology, with the cause remaining unclear. Determining the Hubble constant (H0) independently of cosmological models and distance ladders will help resolve this crisis. In this letter, we for the first time use 47 gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog to calibrate distances in the strong lensing system, RXJ1131-1231, and constrain H0 through the distance-sum rule, with minimal cosmological assumptions. We assume that light propagation over long distances is described by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric and that geometrical optics holds, but we do not need to assume the universe’s contents or the theory of gravity on cosmological scales. Fixing ΩK = 0, we obtain H0 = 73.22+5−5.9543 km s−1 Mpc−1 and H0 = 70.40+8−5.0360 km s−1 Mpc−1 by using the deflector galaxy’s mass model and kinematic measurements to break mass-sheet transform, respectively. When ΩK is not fixed, the central value of H0 increases further. We find that our results are still dominated by statistical errors, and at the same time, we notice the great potential of using GW dark sirens to provide calibration, owing to their higher redshifts. When using 42 binary black holes and RXJ1131-1231, we obtain a 8.46% H0 constraint precision, which is better than that from the bright siren GW170817 using the Hubble law by about 40%. In the future, as the redshift range of GW dark sirens increases, more and more SGLTDs can be included, and we can achieve high-precision, model-independent measurements of H0 without the need for GW bright sirens. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： cosmology

Exploring entanglement and spectral split correlations in three-flavor collective neutrino oscillations

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Physical Review D 2025年第6期111卷 063038-063038页

作者： Pooja Siwach A. Baha Balantekin Amol V. Patwardhan Anna M. Suliga Nuclear and Chemical Science Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94551 USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Physics New York Institute of Technology New York New York 10023 USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics New York University New York New York 10003 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0319 USA

In environments with prodigious numbers of neutrinos, such as core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, or the early Universe, neutrino-neutrino interactions are dynamically significant. They can dominate neutrino flavor evolution and force it to be nonlinear, causing collective neutrino oscillations. Such collective oscillations have been studied numerically, for systems with up to millions of neutrinos, using mean-field or one-particle effective approximations. However, such a system of interacting neutrinos is a quantum many-body system, wherein quantum correlations could play a significant role in the flavor evolution—thereby motivating the exploration of many-body treatments that follow the time evolution of these correlations. In many-body flavor evolution calculations with two neutrino flavors, the emergence of spectral splits in the neutrino energy distributions has been found to be correlated with the degree of quantum entanglement across the spectrum. In this work, for the first time, we investigate the emergence of spectral splits in the three-flavor many-body collective neutrino oscillations. We find that the emergence of spectral splits resembles the number and location found in the mean-field approximation but not in the width. Moreover, unlike in the two-flavor many-body calculations, we find that additional degrees of freedom make it more difficult to establish a correlation between the location of the spectral splits and the degree of quantum entanglement across the neutrino energy spectrum. The observation from the two-flavor case, that neutrinos nearest to the spectral split frequency exhibit the highest level of entanglement, is more difficult to ascertain in the three-flavor case because of the presence of multiple spectral splits across different pairwise combinations of flavor and/or mass states.

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Fine tuning problem of the cosmological constant in a generalized Randall-Sundrum model

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Chinese physics C 2020年第12期44卷 210-214页

作者： Guang-Zhen Kang De-Sheng Zhang Li Jun Hong-Shi Zong School of Science Yangzhou Polytechnic InstituteYangzhou 225127China Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Science Changzhou Institute of TechnologyChangzhou 213032China Joint Center for Particle Nuclear Physics and CosmologyNanjing 210093China State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsCASBeijing 100190China

To solve the cosmological constant fine tuning problem,we investigate an(n+1)-dimensional generalized Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario with two(n−1)-branes instead of two *** an anisotropic metric ansatz,we obtain the positive effective cosmological constantΩeff of order 10−124 and only require a solution≃50−***,both the visible and hidden branes are stable because their tensions are ***,the fine tuning problem can be solved quite ***,the Hubble parameter H1(z)as a function of redshift z is in good agreement with the cosmic chronometers *** evolution of the universe naturally shifts from deceleration to *** suggests that the evolution of the universe is intrinsically an extra-dimensional *** can be regarded as a dynamic model of dark energy that is driven by the evolution of the extra dimensions on the brane.

关键词： cosmological constant fine tuning extra dimensions Hubble parameter

Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mitra, Soumodeep Chakraborty, Sumanta Vicente, Rodrigo Feng, Justin C. Department of Physics University of South Dakota VermillionSD57069 United States School of Physical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata700032 India The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan

Quantum black holes (BHs), thought of as an excited multilevel system, can be effectively modelled by replacing an event horizon with a partially reflective membrane. This emergent feature affects their interaction with hosting environments, with the most pronounced effects happening for particles with mass mp (10M☉/M) 10−11 eV, where M is the BH mass. We show that ultra-light bosons—a viable dark matter candidate—can be used to probe the quantum nature of BHs. We derive analytical expressions for the accretion rate and dynamical friction acting on exotic compact objects moving through an ultra-light scalar field, finding that while the accretion rate is sensitive to the quantum BH’s reflectivity, the dynamical friction is the same as for classical BHs. We then use these expressions to estimate the orbital dephasing in the inspiralling of different binaries in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) band. Our results indicate that LISA may be able to discriminate quantum from classical BHs through their different accretion rates. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Bosons

Joint inference of multiplicative and additive systematics in galaxy density fluctuations and clustering measurements

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Berlfein, Federico Mandelbaum, Rachel Dodelson, Scott Schafer, Chad Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States McWilliams Center for Cosmology Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Statistics & Data Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States NSF AI Planning Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States

Galaxy clustering measurements are a key probe of the matter density field in the Universe. With the era of precision cosmology upon us, surveys rely on precise measurements of the clustering signal for meaningful cosmological analysis. However, the presence of systematic contaminants can bias the observed galaxy number density, and thereby bias the galaxy two-point statistics. As the statistical uncertainties get smaller, correcting for these systematic contaminants becomes increasingly important for unbiased cosmological analysis. We present and validate a new method for understanding and mitigating both additive and multiplicative systematics in galaxy clustering measurements (two-point function) by joint inference of contaminants in the galaxy overdensity field (one-point function) using a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE). We test this methodology with KiDS-like mock galaxy catalogs and synthetic systematic template maps. We estimate the cosmological impact of such mitigation by quantifying uncertainties and possible biases in the inferred relationship between the observed and the true galaxy clustering signal. Our method robustly corrects the clustering signal to the sub-percent level and reduces numerous additive and multiplicative systematics from 1.5 to less than 0.1 for the scenarios we tested. In addition, we provide an empirical approach to identifying the functional form (additive, multiplicative, or other) by which specific systematics contaminate the galaxy number density. Even though this approach is tested and geared towards systematics contaminating the galaxy number density, the methods can be extended to systematics mitigation for other two-point correlation measurements. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： cosmology

Yang-Mills instantons as the end point of black hole evaporation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Pisin Chew, Xiao Yan Sasaki, Misao Yeom, Dong-Han Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States School of Science Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang212100 China University of Tokyo Chiba277-8583 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics Education Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of

Non-perturbative contributions of the Euclidean path integral are important to understand the information loss paradox. In this paper, we revisit the Yang-Mills instantons in the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. There exists a globally regular solution that is known as the Bartnik-McKinnon solution and a black hole solution. The regular and the black hole solutions are smoothly connected in the small horizon limit. Their Euclidean action is solely characterized by the ADM mass, and the transition probability follows the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. Therefore, the Yang-Mills instantons provide a non-perturbative channel to the black hole evaporation, which competes effectively with perturbative processes, and becomes dominant toward the end of evaporation. We show that these instantons provide a smooth transition mechanism from a black hole to regular spacetime. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Evaporation

New Pathways in Neutrino physics via Quantum-Encoded data Analysis

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lazar, Jeffrey Olavarrieta, Santiago Giner Gatti, Giancarlo Argüelles, Carlos A. Sanz, Mikel Department of Physics Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin–Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Physics Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physical Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Apartado 644 Bilbao48080 Spain EHU Quantum Center University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Apartado 644 Bilbao48080 Spain Quantum Mads Uribitarte Kalea 6 Bilbao48001 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 Bilbao48009 Spain Alameda de Mazarredo 14 Bilbao48009 Spain

In the quest to unveil the laws of Nature, particle detectors produce an ever-increasing amount of data. Large data rates require the use of specialized triggers that promptly reduce the data rate to a manageable level;however, in doing so, unexpected new phenomena may escape detection. In this work, we present a methodology based on recent quantum compression techniques that can store exponentially more information than classically available methods. We encode the full neutrino telescope event information using parity observables in an IBM quantum processor using 8 qubits to demonstrate this. Then we show that we can recover the information stored on the quantum computer with a fidelity of 84%. Finally, we illustrate the use of our protocol by performing a classification task that separates electron-neutrino events to muon-neutrinos events in a neutrino telescope. We find that this classification method is limited by our ability to find adequately faithful representations of the classical data within the quantum systems, necessitating further investigations into finding these representations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

Measurement of very-high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission from |b| ◦ of the Galactic plane with LHAASO-WCDA 38

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Measurement of very-high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission f...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Li, Huicai Zhang, Peipei Hu, Shicong Zha, Min Guo, Yiqing Yuan, Qiang Yao, Zhiguo Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Semikoz, D. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Faculté de Sciences Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva1211 Switzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China APC Universit

Galactic diffuse gamma ray emission (GDE) is introduced by the galactic cosmic rays (CR) interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM) and radiation fields (ISRF). The GDE is a very important probe of CR propagation and interaction. Different from the measurements of CR particles in the local vicinity, the GDE enables a direct measurement of CR distribution in the Milky Way, and can thus provide much more important information of the production and propagation of CRs. LHAASO-WCDA, with an large area of 78000 m2, has an excellent ability to study VHE gamma-ray astronomy and GDE. In this proceeding, method of background estimation and some techniques to reduce the contaminant of resolved gamma-ray sources are briefly introduced. At last, diffuse emissions from the inner (15◦ ◦, |b| ◦) and outer (125◦ ◦, |b| ◦) Galactic plane are detected with 27.9σ and 11.9σ significance, respectively. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Gamma rays

Exploring the impact of high-precision top-quark pair production data on the structure of the proton at the LHC

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ablat, Alim Guzzi, Marco Xie, Keping Dulat, Sayipjamal Hou, Tie-Jiun Sitiwaldi, Ibrahim Yuan, C.-P. School of Physics Science and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang830046 China Department of Physics Kennesaw State University KennesawGA30144 United States Pittsburgh Particle Physics Astrophysics and Cosmology Center Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hunan Hengyang421001 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States

The impact of recent LHC top-quark pair production single differential cross section measurements at 13 TeV collision energy on the structure of the proton is explored. In particular, the impact of these high-precision data on the gluon and other parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton at intermediate and large partonic momentum fraction x is analyzed. This study extends the CT18 global analysis framework to include these new data. The interplay between top-quark pair and inclusive jet production as well as other processes at the LHC, is studied. In addition, a study of the impact of scale choice on the theory description of the new 13 TeV tt¯ measurements is performed. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distribution functions