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Probing the sign-changeable interaction between dark energy and dark matter with DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Tian-Nuo Du, Guo-Hong Li, Yun-He Wu, Peng-Ju Jin, Shang-Jie Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China School of Physics Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China Department of Physics University of Western Australia PerthWA6009 Australia MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

There is a possibility of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, and this interaction may also undergo a sign change during the evolution of the universe. In this paper, we utilize the latest observational data to constrain models of a sign-changeable interaction. The data we employ, in addition to the cosmic microwave background data, also encompass the first-year baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI and the type Ia supernova data of the full 5-year observation from DES. To achieve high generality, we investigate four interacting dark energy (IDE) models with different forms of the interaction term Q: (i) IDE1 with Q = β(a)Hρde;(ii) IDE2 with Q = β(a)Hρc;(iii) IDE3 with Q = β(a)H0ρde;(iv) IDE4 with Q = β(a)H0ρc. From the analysis, we observe that β(z) > 0 at early times and β(z) Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

Insight-HXMT, NICER and NuSTAR views to the newly discovered black hole X-ray binary Swift J151857.0–572147

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Peng, Jing-Qiang Zhang, Shu Shui, Qing-Cang Chen, Yu-Peng Zhang, Shuang-Nan Kong, Ling-Da Santangelo, A. Yu, Zhuo-Li Ji, Long Wang, Peng-Ju Chang, Zhi Li, Jian Li, Zhao-Sheng Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute für Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Eberhard Karls Universität Sand 1 TübingenD-72076 Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai519082 China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Stars and Interstellar Medium Xiangtan University Hunan Xiangtan411105 China

The systematic properties are largely unknown for the black hole X-ray binary Swift J151857.0–572147 newly discovered in the 2024 outburst. The nature of a black hole can be completely defined by specifying the mass and dimensionless spin parameter. Therefore, accurate measurement of the two fundamental parameters is important for understanding the nature of black holes. The joint spectral fitting of a reflection component with simultaneous observations from Insight-HXMT, NICER and NuSTAR reveals for the first time a black hole dimensionless spin of 0.84+0−01726 and an inclination angle of 21.1+4−356 degree for this system. Monitoring of the soft state by NICER results in disk flux and temperature following Fdisk ∝ Tin3.83±0.17. For the standard thin disk, Ldisk ≈ 4πRin2 σTin4 , so the relationship between the flux and temperature of the disk we measured indicates that the inner radius of the disk is stable and the disk is in the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit. With an empirical relation built previously between the black hole outburst profile and the intrinsic power output, the source distance is estimated as 5.8 ± 2.5 kpc according to the outburst profile and peak flux observed by Insight-HXMT and NICER. Finally, a black hole mass of 3.67 ± 1.79 − 8.07 ± 4.20M☉ can be inferred from a joint diagnostic of the aforementioned parameters measured for this system. This system is also consistent with most black hole X-ray binaries with high spin and a mass in the range of 5–20 M☉ Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

A possible overall scenario for the outburst evolution of MAXI J1820+070 revealed by Insight-HXMT

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Peng, J.Q. Zhang, S. Chen, Y.P. Kong, L.D. Wang, P.J. Zhang, S.N. Ji, L. Tao, L. Qu, J.L. Ge, M.Y. Shui, Q.C. Li, J. Chang, Z. Li, Z.S. Xiao, Y.X. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute für Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Eberhard Karls Universität Sand 1 TübingenD-72076 Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai519082 China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Stars and Interstellar Medium Xiangtan University Hunan Xiangtan411105 China

We study the spectral and temporal properties of the black hole X-ray transient binary MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst with Insight-HXMT observations. The outburst of MAXI J1820+070 can be divided into three intervals. For the two intervals of the outburst, we find that low-energy (below 140 keV) photos lag high-energy (140-170 keV) ones, while in the decay of the outburst, high-energy photons lag low-energy photons, both with a time scale of the order of days. Based on these results, the canonical hysteresis effect of the’q’ shape in the hardness-intensity diagram can be reformed into a roughly linear shape by taking into account the lag corrections between different energy bands. Time analysis shows that the high-frequency break of hard X-rays, derived from the power density spectrum of the first interval of the outburst is in general larger and more variable than that of soft X-rays. The spectral fitting shows that the coverage fraction of the hard X-rays drops sharply at the beginning of the outburst to around 0.5, then increases slightly. The coverage fraction drops to roughly zero once the source steps into a soft state and increases gradually to unity when the source returns to a low hard state. We discuss the possible overall evolution scenario of corona hinted from these discoveries. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

Exploring the secondary peaks of autocorrelation in black hole flare movies

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhenyu Hou, Yehui Guo, Minyong Mizuno, Yosuke Chen, Bin School of Physics Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan Rd Beijing100871 China School of physics and astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Shanghai201210 China School of Physics & Astronomy Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Particle Physics Astrophysics and Cosmology Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe Universität Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Institute of Fundamental Physics and Quantum Technology School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Zhejiang Ningbo315211 China Center for High Energy Physics Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan Rd Beijing100871 China

The strong gravitational field of a black hole bends light, forming multi-level images, yet extracting precise spacetime information from them remains challenging. In this study, we investigate how gravitational lensing leaves unique and detectable signatures in black hole movies using autocorrelation analysis. By examining the two-dimensional autocorrelation of a movie depicting a hotspot orbiting a Kerr black hole, as viewed by a near-axis observer, we identify a persistent secondary peak structure induced by gravitational lensing. Notably, these secondary peaks converge to a fixed point in the time-lag domain, largely independent of the hotspot’s orbital radius. This key property suggests that combining future black hole flare observations with advanced autocorrelation analysis could effectively disentangle lensing effects from orbital dynamics, enabling direct measurement of black hole parameters. Our findings establish autocorrelation as a powerful tool for probing spacetime geometry, offering new insights into gravitational physics through time-resolved black hole images. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Black holes

The peculiar disk evolution of 4U 1630–472 observed by Insight-HXMT during the 2022 and 2023 outbursts

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arXiv 2025年

We study the spectral properties of the black hole X-ray transient binary 4U 1630–472 during the 2022 and 2023 outbursts with Insight-HXMT observations. We find that the outbursts are in peculiar soft states. The effect of the hardening factor on the disk temperature is taken into account by kerrbb, and the flux and temperature of the disk are found to follow F ∝ Teff3.92±0.13 and F ∝ Teff4.91±1.00, for the two outbursts respectively. The flux-temperature relation is roughly consistent with holding a standard disk, By fitting with the p-free model, the p-value is found to have anti-correlation with disk temperature. Combined a joint diagnostic in a diagram of the relation between the non-thermal fraction and luminosity, by enclosing as well the previous outbursts, reveals a possible pattern for the disk evolution toward a slim one, and such an evolution may depend on the fraction of the non-thermal emission in the high soft state. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

Position reconstruction and surface background model for the PandaX-4T detector

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2025年 1077卷

作者： Qian, Zhicheng Gu, Linhui Cheng, Chen Bo, Zihao Chen, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Cheng, Zhaokan Cui, Xiangyi Fan, Yingjie Fang, Deqing Gao, Zhixing Geng, Lisheng Giboni, Karl Guo, Xunan Guo, Xuyuan Guo, Zichao Han, Chencheng Han, Ke He, Changda He, Jinrong Huang, Di Huang, Houqi Huang, Junting Hou, Ruquan Hou, Yu Ji, Xiangdong Ji, Xiangpan Ju, Yonglin Li, Chenxiang Li, Jiafu Li, Mingchuan Li, Shuaijie Li, Tao Li, Zhiyuan Lin, Qing Liu, Jianglai Lu, Congcong Lu, Xiaoying Luo, Lingyin Luo, Yunyang Ma, Wenbo Ma, Yugang Mao, Yajun Meng, Yue Ning, Xuyang Pang, Binyu Qi, Ningchun Ren, Xiangxiang Shan, Dong Shang, Xiaofeng Shao, Xiyuan Shen, Guofang Shen, Manbin Sun, Wenliang Tao, Yi Wang, Anqing Wang, Guanbo Wang, Hao Wang, Jiamin Wang, Lei Wang, Meng Wang, Qiuhong Wang, Shaobo Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Xiuli Wang, Xu Wang, Zhou Wei, Yuehuan Wu, Weihao Wu, Yuan Xiao, Mengjiao Xiao, Xiang Xiong, Kaizhi Xu, Yifan Yao, Shunyu Yan, Binbin Yan, Xiyu Yang, Yong Ye, Peihua Yu, Chunxu Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhe Yun, Youhui Zeng, Xinning Zhang, Minzhen Zhang, Peng Zhang, Shibo Zhang, Shu Zhang, Tao Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yingxin Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Li Zhou, Jifang Zhou, Jiaxu Zhou, Jiayi Zhou, Ning Zhou, Xiaopeng Zhou, Yubo Zhou, Zhizhen Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai200240 China School of Physics Beihang University Beijing102206 China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai201210 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu610213 China Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd. 288 Shuanglin Road Chengdu610051 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai519082 China Department of Physics Yantai University Yantai264005 China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang University Beijing100191 China International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou516000 China SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park MD20742 United States School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin300071 China School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510275 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Research Center for Particle Science and Technology Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 Shandong China Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education Shandong University Qingdao 266237 Shandon

We report the position reconstruction methods and surface background model for the PandaX-4T dark matter direct search experiment. In this work, two position reconstruction algorithms are developed: template matching (TM) method and photon acceptance function (PAF) method. Both methods determine the horizontal position of events based on the light pattern of secondary scintillation collected by the light sensors. After a comprehensive evaluation of resolution, uniformity, and robustness, the PAF method was selected for position reconstruction, while the TM method was employed for verification. The PAF method achieves a bulk event resolution of 1.0 mm and a surface event resolution of 4.4 mm for a typical S2 signal with a bottom charge of 1500 PE (about 14 keV). The uniformity is around 20%. Robustness studies reveal average deviations of 5.1 mm and 8.8 mm for the commissioning run (Run0) and the first science run (Run1), respectively, due to the deactivation of certain PMTs. A data-driven surface background model is developed based on the PAF method. The surface background is estimated to be 0.09±0.06 events for Run0 (0.54 tonne⋅year) and 0.17±0.11 events for Run1 (1.00 tonne⋅year). © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Template matching

Cosmological search for sterile neutrinos after DESI 2024

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Du, Guo-Hong Li, Tian-Nuo Wu, Peng-Ju Feng, Lu Zhou, Sheng-Han Zhang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China School of Physics Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal University Shenyang110034 China MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

The question of whether the massive sterile neutrinos exist remains a crucial unresolved issue in both particle physics and cosmology. We explore the cosmological constraints on the massive sterile neutrinos using the latest observational data, including the baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI, the cosmic microwave background data from Planck satellite and ACT, and the 5-year Type Ia supernova data and the 3-year weak-lensing data from DES. We search for the massive sterile neutrinos within the ΛCDM, wCDM, and w0waCDM models. Our analysis shows that when considering massive sterile neutrinos within the w0waCDM model, the combined datasets allow us to infer a non-zero sterile neutrino mass at approximately 2σ confidence level. Specifically, in the w0waCDM+Sterile model, the effective mass of sterile neutrinos and the effective number of relativistic species are constrained to be meffν,sterile = 0.50+0.33−0.27 eV and Neff = 3.076+0.011−0.017, respectively. However, the ΛCDM+Sterile and wCDM+Sterile models could not provide evidence supporting the existence of massive sterile neutrinos. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： cosmology

Erratum to: One-loop matching for quark dipole operators in a gradient-flow scheme

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Journal of High Energy physics 2025年第3期2025卷 1-5页

作者： Mereghetti, Emanuele Monahan, Christopher J. Rizik, Matthew D. Shindler, Andrea Stoffer, Peter Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Department of Physics The College of William & Mary Williamsburg USA Theory Center Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News USA Department of Physics Colorado College Colorado Springs USA Facility for Rare Isotope Beams & Physics Department Michigan State University East Lansing USA Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology TTK RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA Physik-Institut Universität Zürich Zürich Switzerland Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen Switzerland Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Tracing the imprints of large-scale magnetized structure on γ rays from GRB 221009A

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Das, Saikat Razzaque, Soebur Mirabal, Nestor Omodei, Nicola Murase, Kohta Martinez-Castellanos, Israel Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Physics University of Johannesburg PO Box 524 Auckland Park2006 South Africa Department of Physics The George Washington University WashingtonDC20052 United States Private Bag X1 Matieland South Africa Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Mail Code 661 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Center for Multimessenger Astrophysics Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Dept. of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

We search for possible GeV-TeV gamma-ray imprints of ultrahigh-energy (UHE;0.1 EeV) cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in the large-scale structures surrounding the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) explosion, GRB 221009A. Using 1.25 years of post-event Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data, we construct a 1 GeV – 1 TeV test-statistic (TS) map within 15 Mpc of the burst. We identify two peaks in the TS map with TS ≥ 9. The most significant peak, J1911.8+2044, exhibits gamma-ray emission in pre-burst LAT data. The other peak, J1913.2+1901, coincides with a 664.6 GeV photon recorded ∼ 191.9 days after the GRB trigger and located at about 0.75◦ from the GRB localization. The per-photon 95% containment angle for the LAT is about 0.25◦ in the 100 GeV – 1 TeV energy range. We explore two possible origins for the γ-ray emission: (1) UHECRs from GRB 221009A propagating through a magnetized cosmological volume in its vicinity, and (2) UHE or very-high-energy (VHE;100 GeV) γ-ray emission from GRB 221009A, propagating in the same volume. In both cases, electromagnetic cascade emission is induced in the structured region embedding the burst. If any TS features are related to large-scale imprints induced by cosmic rays, it might be further evidence that GRB 221009A accelerated UHECRs. However, our results show that alternative scenarios without invoking UHECRs cannot be ruled out, and the observed high-energy photon could be unrelated to GRB 221009A. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma radiography