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Efficient state preparation for the Schwinger model with a theta term

Physical Review D 2025年第7期111卷 074515-074515页

作者： Alexei Bazavov Brandon Henke Leon Hostetler Dean Lee Huey-Wen Lin Giovanni Pederiva Andrea Shindler Physics Department Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA Department of Physics Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Physics Department Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA Jülich Supercomputing Center Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 54245 Jülich German Center for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Germany Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology TTK RWTH Aachen University Sommerfeldstraße 16 Aachen 52074 Germany Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

We present a comparison of different quantum state preparation algorithms and their overall efficiency for the Schwinger model with a theta term. While adiabatic state preparation is proved to be effective, in practice it leads to large cnot gate counts to prepare the ground state. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) provides excellent results while keeping the cnot counts small by design, at the cost of an expensive classical minimization process. We introduce a “blocked” modification of the Schwinger Hamiltonian to be used in the QAOA that further decreases the length of the algorithms as the size of the problem is increased. The rodeo algorithm (RA) provides a powerful tool to efficiently prepare any eigenstate of the Hamiltonian, as long as its overlap with the initial guess is large enough. We obtain the best results when combining the blocked QAOA ansatz and the RA, as this provides an excellent initial state with a relatively short algorithm without the need to perform any classical steps for large problem sizes.

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Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary mergers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Krauth, Luke Major Davelaar, Jordy Haiman, Zoltán Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan Zrake, Jonathan MacFadyen, Andrew University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program United States Department of Astronomy Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Am Campus 1 Klosterneuburg3400 Austria Westgate Research PO Box 181 CardiffONK0L 1M0 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University ClemsonSC29634 United States Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics Physics Department New York University New YorkNY10003 United States

The multi-messenger combination of gravitational waves (GWs) from merging massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) and the electromagnetic (EM) counterpart from the surrounding circumbinary disk (CBD) will open avenues to new scientific pursuits. In order to realize this science, we need to correctly localize the host galaxy of the merging MBHB. Multi-wavelength, time-dependent electromagnetic (EM) signatures can greatly facilitate the identification of the unique EM counterpart among many sources in LISA’s localization volume. To this end, we studied merging unequal-mass MBHBs embedded in a CBD using high-resolution 2D simulations, with a Γ-law equation of state, incorporating viscous heating, shock heating and radiative cooling. We simulate each binary starting from before it decouples from the CBD until just after the merger. We compute EM signatures and identify distinct features before, during, and after the merger. We corroborate previous findings of a several order of magnitude drop in the thermal X-ray luminosity near the time of merger, but with delayed timing compared to an equal-mass system. The source remains X-ray dark for hours post-merger. Our main results are a potential new signature of a sharp spike in the thermal X-ray emission just before the tell-tale steep drop occurs. This feature may further help to identify EM counterparts of LISA’s unequal MBHBs before merger without the need for extensive pre-merger monitoring. Additionally, we find a role-reversal, in which the primary out-accretes the secondary during late inspiral, which may diminish signatures originating from Doppler modulation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

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A Closer Look at the Origin of LINER Emission in Later-type Galaxies and Its Connection to Evolved Stars with a Machine Learning Classification Scheme

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Astrophysical Journal 2025年第2期984卷 106-106页

作者： Nemer, Ahmad Katkov, Ivan Yu. Gelfand, Joseph D. Cho, Changhyun New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Center for Astrophysics and Space Science (CASS) New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University Universitetskij pr. 13 Moscow 119234 Russian Federation Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics New York University 726 Broadway Room 958 New York 10003 NY United States New York University 726 Broadway New York 10003 NY United States

Identifying the dominant ionizing sources in galaxies is essential for understanding their formation and evolution. Traditionally, spectra are classified based on their dominant ionizing source using strong emission lines and Baldwin, Phillips, & Terlevich (BPT) diagrams. The ionizing source is traditionally determined by the emission line ratios using the BPT diagrams. Low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) are a class of ionizing mechanisms that is observationally identified but with a poorly understood origin, unlike the case of star-forming regions and active galactic nuclei (AGN). LINERs, typically found in early-type galaxies, are often associated with low-luminosity AGN activity but may also be powered by aging stellar populations, particularly post-asymptotic giant branch (p-AGB) stars. In this study, we employ a machine-learning-based encoder, spender, to analyze the full MaNGA integral field unit spectra and identify key spectral features of LINERs. By examining the continuum and line emission of these spaxels, our approach aims to uncover hidden patterns and better understand the dominant ionizing sources. We show in this work that the neural-network-based encoder was able identify LINER sources from the stellar continuum alone. The characteristics of the stellar population underlying LINER regions are consistent with evolved low-mass stars, implying that the source driving LINER emission is probably p-AGB stars rather than AGN activity. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Specific Heat of a Unitary Fermi Gas Including particle-Hole Fluctuation

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Chinese physics Letters 2016年第11期33卷 25-27页

作者：阮小霞宫昊石远美宗红石 Faculty of Science Jiangsu University Department of Mathematics and Physics Bengbu College Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Department of Physics Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Particle Nuclear Physics and Cosmology

We investigate the particle-hole fluctuation correction to the specific heat of an ultracold Fermi gas at unitarity within the framework of the non-self-consistent T-matrix approximation in the normal phase. We find good agreement between our theoretical predictions and the experimental data measured by the MIT group, apart from discrepancies near the transition temperature. At high temperature, our calculated specific heat has the tendency to approach the specific heat of the Boltzmann gas.

关键词： of in is Specific Heat of a Unitary Fermi Gas Including particle-Hole Fluctuation BEC BCS from heat

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A comparative lattice analysis of SU(2)dark glueballs

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Chinese physics C 2024年第8期48卷 113-126页

作者： Min-Huan Chu Jun-Hui Lai Wei Wang Jialu Zhang Qianteng Zhu INPAC Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE)Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologySchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yang Yuanqing Scientific Computering Center Tsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China

We study the mass and scattering cross section of SU(2)glueballs as dark matter candidates using lattice *** employ both naive and improved SU(2)gauge actions in 3+1 dimensions with severalβvalues,and we adopt both the traditional Monte Carlo method and flow-based model based on machine learning techniques to generate lattice *** mass of a dark scalar glueball with J^(PC)=0^(++)and the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave function are *** a coupling constant ofβ=2.2 as an illustration,we compare the dark glueball mass calculated from the configurations generated from the two *** consistent results can be achieved,the two methods demonstrate distinct *** the Runge-Kutta method,we extract the glueball interaction potential and two-body scattering cross *** the observational constraints,we obtain the lower bound of the mass of scalar glueballs as candidates of dark matter.

关键词： lattice QCD dark matter machine learning

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Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T experiment

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science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第3期62卷 49-57页

作者： HongGuang Zhang Abdusalam Abdukerim Wei Chen Xun Chen YunHua Chen XiangYi Cui BinBin Dong DeQing Fang ChangBo Fu Karl Giboni Franco Giuliani LinHui Gu XuYuan Guo ZhiFan Guo Ke Han ChangDa He ShengMing He Di Huang XingTao Huang Zhou Huang Peng Ji XiangDong Ji YongLin Ju ShaoLi Li Yao Li Heng Lin HuaXuan Liu JiangLai Liu YuGang Ma YaJun Mao KaiXiang Ni JinHua Ning XiangXiang Ren Fang Shi AnDi Tan AnQing Wang Cheng Wang HongWei Wang Meng Wang QiuHong Wang SiGuang Wang XiuLi Wang XuMing Wang Zhou Wang MengMeng Wu ShiYong Wu JingKai Xia MengJiao Xiao PengWei Xie BinBin Yan JiJun Yang Yong Yang ChunXu Yu JuMin Yuan JianFeng Yue Dan Zhang Tao Zhang Li Zhao QiBin Zheng JiFang Zhou Ning Zhou XiaoPeng Zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPC) (INPC) and School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Physics and Technology Xinjiang University Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPC) and School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE)(MOE) Shandong University School of Physics Nankai University Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics Peking University Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park School of Physics and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE) Shandong University Center of High Energy Physics Peking University School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

The Panda X-4T experiment, a 4-ton scale dark matter direct detection experiment, is being planned at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. In this paper we present a simulation study of the expected background in this experiment. In a 2.8-ton fiducial mass and the signal region between 1-10 keV electron equivalent energy, the total electron recoil background is found to be 4.9 × 10^(-5) kg^(-1) d^(-1) keV^(-1). The nuclear recoil background in the same region is 2.8 × 10^(-7) kg^(-1) d^(-1) keV^(-1). With an exposure of 5.6 ton-years, the sensitivity of Panda X-4 T could reach a minimum spin-independent dark matter-nucleon cross section of 6 × 10^(-48) cm^2 at a dark matter mass of 40 Ge V/c^2.

关键词： dark matter WIMPs direct detection xenon

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Ground State Properties of Superheavy Nuclei in Macroscopic-Microscopic Model

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2008年第9期50卷 707-714页

作者： ZHI Qi-Jun REN Zhong-Zhou ZHANG Xiao-Ping ZHENG Qiang School of Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001 China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics National Laboratory of Heavy-Ion Accelerator Lanzhou 730000 China Joint Center for Particle Nuclear Physics and Cosmology Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are systematically calculated by the macroscopic-microscopic (MM) model with the Nilsson *** calculations well produced the ground state binding energies,α-decay energies,and half lives of superheavy *** calculated results are systematically compared with availableexperimental *** calculated results are also compared with theoretical results from other MM models and fromrelativistic mean-field *** calculations and comparisons show that the MM model is reliable in superheavy regionand that the MM model results are not very sensitive to the choice of microscopic single-particle potential.

关键词： macroscopic-microscopic model.superheavy nuclei binding energy half life

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Quark transverse spin-momentum correlation of the pion from lattice QCD: The Boer-Mulders function

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Physical Review D 2025年第9期111卷 094507-094507页

作者： Lisa Walter Jun Hua Sebastian Lahrtz Lingquan Ma Andreas Schäfer Hai-Tao Shu Yushan Su Peng Sun Wei Wang Xiaonu Xiong Yi-Bo Yang Jian-Hui Zhang Qi-An Zhang Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Regensburg D-93040 Regensburg Germany Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People’s Republic of China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People’s Republic of China Center of Advanced Quantum Studies Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People’s Republic of China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Quark & Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 People’s Republic of China Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu Province 730000 People’s Republic of China INPAC Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People’s Republic of China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT) Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou 516000 Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China School of Physics Central South University Changsha 418003 People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People’s Republic of China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCAS Hangzhou 310024 People’s Republic of China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing/Hangzhou People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Sciences Beijing 100049 People’s Republic of China School of Physi

We present the first lattice QCD calculation of the quark transverse spin-momentum correlation, i.e., the T-odd Boer-Mulders function of the pion, using large-momentum effective theory. The calculation is done at three lattice spacings a={0.098,0.085,0.064} fm and pion masses ∼350 MeV, with pion momenta up to 1.8 GeV. The matrix elements are renormalized in a state-of-the-art scheme and extrapolated to the continuum and infinite momentum limit. We have implemented the perturbative matching up to the next-to-next-to-leading order and carried out a renormalization-group resummation. Our results provide valuable input for phenomenological analyses of the Boer-Mulders single-spin asymmetry.

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Resource-efficient generalized quantum subspace expansion

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054021-054021页

作者： Bo Yang Nobuyuki Yoshioka Hiroyuki Harada Shigeo Hakkaku Yuuki Tokunaga Hideaki Hakoshima Kaoru Yamamoto Suguru Endo LIP6 Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France Graduate School of Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan International Center for Elementary Particle Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University Hiyoshi 3-14-1 Kohoku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation 3-9-11 Midori-cho Musashino-shi Tokyo 180-8585 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Osaka University 1-2 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan

Realizing practical quantum computing requires overcoming a number of computation errors and the limitation of device size, which have intensively been tackled by quantum error mitigation. As a unified approach of noise-agnostic quantum error mitigation, generalized quantum subspace expansion (GSE) has lately been proposed to be remarkably robust regarding stochastic and coherent errors, integrating quantum subspace expansion and virtual state purification. However, the requirement in GSE to perform entangled measurements between copies of the quantum states remains a significant drawback under the current situation of quantum devices with a restricted number of qubits and their connectivity. In this work, we propose “Dual-GSE,” a resource-efficient implementation of GSE to circumvent this overhead by constructing an ansatz of error-mitigated quantum states via dual-state purification without state copies. Remarkably, the proposed method can further simulate larger quantum systems beyond the size of available quantum hardware, achieved by a suitable ansatz construction inspired by the divide-and-conquer strategy that classically reintroduces the effect of entanglement. While classically forging the entanglement comes with additional cost, the total sampling overhead can be notably reduced by reuse of the same Pauli expectation values among divided-and-conquered subsystems. We comprehensively analyze the advantages and overhead of Dual-GSE and perform numerical simulations of the eight-qubit transverse-field Ising model under various setups. Our results demonstrate that Dual-GSE estimates the ground state energy with high accuracy under gate noise with low mitigation overhead and practical sampling cost.

关键词： Qubits

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True radiation gauge for gravity

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Physical Review D 2011年第6期83卷 061501(R)-061501(R)页

作者： Xiang-Song Chen Ben-Chao Zhu Department of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Joint Center for Particle Nuclear Physics and Cosmology Nanjing 210093 China Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China CAS Beijing 100190 China

Corresponding to the similarity between the Lorentz gauge ∂μAμ=0 in electrodynamics and gμνΓμνρ=0 in gravity, we show that the counterpart of the radiation gauge ∂iAi=0 is gijΓijρ=0, instead of other forms as discussed before. Particularly, 1) at least for a weak field, gijΓijρ=0 fixes the gauge completely and picks out exactly the two physical components of the gravitational field; 2) like A0, the nondynamical components h0μ are solved instantaneously; 3) gravitational radiation is generated by the “transverse” part of the energy-momentum tensor, similar to the transverse current J→⊥. This “true” radiation gauge gijΓijρ=0 is especially pertinent for studying gravitational energy, such as the energy flow in gravitational radiation. It agrees with the transverse-traceless gauge for a pure wave, and reveals remarkably how the transverse-traceless gauge can be adapted in the presence of source.

关键词： GRAVITATIONAL waves GRAVITATIONAL fields LORENTZ force FIELD theory (physics) GRAVITY GRAVITATION

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