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Rethinking attention mechanism for enhanced pedestrian attribute recognition

Neurocomputing 2025年 639卷

作者： Wu, Junyi Huang, Yan Gao, Min Niu, Yuzhen Chen, Yuzhong Wu, Qiang Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fujian Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of BigData Intelligence Ministry of Education Fujian Fuzhou350108 China Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia Fujian Key Lab for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Fujian Fuzhou350108 China School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia

Pedestrian Attribute Recognition (PAR) plays a crucial role in various computer vision applications, demanding precise and reliable identification of attributes from pedestrian images. Traditional PAR methods, though effective in leveraging attention mechanisms, often suffer from the lack of direct supervision on attention, leading to potential overfitting and misallocation. This paper introduces a novel and model-agnostic approach, Attention-Aware Regularization (AAR), which rethinks the attention mechanism by integrating causal reasoning to provide direct supervision of attention maps. AAR employs perturbation techniques and a unique optimization objective to assess and refine attention quality, encouraging the model to prioritize attribute-specific regions. Our method demonstrates significant improvement in PAR performance by mitigating the effects of incorrect attention and fostering a more effective attention mechanism. Experiments on standard datasets showcase the superiority of our approach over existing methods, setting a new benchmark for attention-driven PAR models. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Perturbation techniques

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Predicting Transcription Factor Binding Signals Based on a Novel Encoder-Decoder Framework 2nd

Predicting Transcription Factor Binding Signals Based on a N...

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2nd International Conference on Applied Intelligence, ICAI 2024

作者： Wang, Siguo Li, Zhipeng Zhang, Qinhu Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of Technology No. 568 Tongxin Road Zhuangshi Street Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Big Data and Intelligent Computing Research Center Guangxi Academy of Science Nanning530007 China Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology School of Medicine Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University Shanghai200123 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819619061

The transcription process is the initial step in gene expression and the core of the regulatory mechanism, in which transcription factors control gene expression through interactions with particular DNA sequences. Therefore, identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) provides theoretical basis for further dissection of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and disease diagnosis. To address the limitations of current research on TFBSs, a novel symmetric Encoder-Decoder framework is proposed for predicting transcription factor binding signals values at base sites. Our approach utilizes word vectors to encode DNA sequences, followed by encoders that progressively extract feature representations from these sequences. We then employ Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to capture the contextual dependencies within the sequences, ultimately using decoders to reconstruct the binding signal values for the DNA sequence sites. In order to access the effectiveness of the proposed symmetric Encoder-Decoder framework, some experiments were conducted on 20 ChIP-seq datasets, and the results show that the proposed novel method outperformers several existing advanced methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： DNA sequences

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A Self-Supervised Transfer Learning Framework for Gland Segmentation in Colorectal Cancer Histopathology with Limited Labeled data 2nd

A Self-Supervised Transfer Learning Framework for Gland Segm...

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2nd International Conference on Applied Intelligence, ICAI 2024

作者： Wen, Huer Wu, Yan Huang, De-Shuang Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai200123 China Big Data and Intelligent Computing Research Center Guangxi Academy of Science Nanning530007 China Ningbo Institute of Digital TwinEastern Institute of Technology No. 568 Tongxin Road Zhuangshi Street Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819619061

Accurate gland segmentation in colorectal cancer histopathology images is crucial for diagnosis and grading but is hampered by the limited availability of annotated data. To develop a robust and accurate gland segmentation method that effectively leverages unlabeled data to overcome the limitations of small annotated datasets. We propose a novel framework that combines self-supervised learning and transfer learning. A vision transformer is pre-trained using DINOv2 on a large unlabeled dataset (IMP-CRS-2024) and then fine-tuned on the GlaS dataset using a lightweight decoder and a boundary-aware loss function that combines Dice loss and a distance transform-weighted boundary loss. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the GlaS dataset, surpassing existing methods in terms of F1-score, Object Dice, and Object Hausdorff distance. An ablation study confirms the benefits of both the self-supervised pre-training and the boundary-aware loss. Our approach effectively addresses the challenge of limited annotated data in gland segmentation, offering a promising solution for improving the accuracy and efficiency of colorectal cancer diagnosis. The framework can be generalized to other histopathology image analysis tasks and cancer types. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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A data Augmentation Method for Disease Diagnosis Based on Single Cell Omics data 2nd

A Data Augmentation Method for Disease Diagnosis Based on Si...

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2nd International Conference on Applied Intelligence, ICAI 2024

作者： Zhuang, Han Zhang, Qinhu Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of Technology No. 568 Tongxin Road Zhuangshi Street Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Big Data and Intelligent Computing Research Center Guangxi Academy of Science Nanning530007 China Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai200123 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819619061

Single cell omics data has enabled bioinformatics methods to identify cell type, infer gene regulatory network and beyond. Besides these great advances, there is active research about how to predict patients’ diagnosis based on cell predicted disease status. In this study, we propose a computational method consisting of a resampling method and an AI model to perform disease diagnosis with single cell omics data. According to our analysis, our proposed method outperforms baseline methods on three public datasets and is effective for disease diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： disease diagnosis resampling single cell omics

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Mobility-aware Seamless Service Migration and Resource Allocation in Multi-edge IoV Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing 2025年

作者： Chen, Zheyi Huang, Sijin Min, Geyong Ning, Zhaolong Li, Jie Zhang, Yan Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350116 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Fuzhou350002 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou350116 China University of Exeter Department of Computer Science Faculty of Environment Science and Economy ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing400065 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China University of Oslo Department of Informatics Oslo0316 Norway

Mobile Edge computing (MEC) offers low-latency and high-bandwidth support for Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) applications. However, due to high vehicle mobility and finite communication coverage of base stations, it is hard to maintain uninterrupted and high-quality services without proper service migration among MEC servers. Existing solutions commonly rely on prior knowledge and rarely consider efficient resource allocation during the service migration process, making it hard to reach optimal performance in dynamic IoV environments. To address these important challenges, we propose SR-CL, a novel mobility-aware seamless Service migration and Resource allocation framework via Convex-optimization-enabled deep reinforcement Learning in multi-edge IoV systems. First, we decouple the Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem of service migration and resource allocation into two sub-problems. Next, we design a new actor-critic-based asynchronous-update deep reinforcement learning method to handle service migration, where the delayed-update actor makes migration decisions and the one-step-update critic evaluates the decisions to guide the policy update. Notably, we theoretically derive the optimal resource allocation with convex optimization for each MEC server, thereby further improving system performance. Using the real-world datasets of vehicle trajectories and testbed, extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SR-CL. Compared to benchmark methods, the SR-CL achieves superior convergence and delay performance under various scenarios. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convex optimization

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A Robust Key Exchange and Tamper-Resistant Protocol for HAN and NAN Networks in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China

Smart Grids (SG) rely on Home Area Networks (HAN) and Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) to ensure efficient power distribution, real-time monitoring, and seamless communication between smart devices. Despite these advantages, the use of public communication channels in HAN and NAN networks introduces critical challenges, such as vulnerability to impersonation, physical tampering, and scalability issues in resource-constrained environments. These issues compromise the stability, reliability, and security of SG environments. Existing protocols often fail to adequately address these challenges, particularly in ensuring resistance to physical tampering of supply lines and impersonation attacks. Additionally, they struggle to minimize the computation, communication, and energy costs associated with securing a resource-constrained SG environment. Therefore, we propose a robust key exchange and tamper-resistant protocol for HAN and NAN networks to address these limitations. The proposed protocol leverages the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) mechanism to offer physical tampering resistance to smart meters. We validate our protocol formally using the Random or Real (RoR) model, which confirms its security robustness. Additionally, our informal security analysis highlights the protocol's resilience against impersonation, physical tampering attacks, etc. We analyze and compare the performance of the proposed protocol, which further demonstrates our protocol's effectiveness and security compared to competing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol achieves resource efficiency with 45.99% and 58.85% substantial reductions in computation overhead and energy overhead, respectively, compared to competing protocols. These results showcase the protocol's enhanced security and practicality for resource-constrained SG environments. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Provably Secure Efficient Key-Exchange Protocol for intelligent Supply Line Surveillance in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Alenazi, Mohammed J.F. Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu12599 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan 250353 China

intelligent supply line surveillance is critical for modern smart grids. Smart sensors and gateway nodes are strategically deployed along supply lines to achieve intelligent surveillance. They collect data continuously and transmit it to the control centre in real-time. It enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and efficient energy management across distribution networks. This advanced surveillance system ensures continuous monitoring of supply lines, detecting anomalies, and optimizing operations to maintain the stability and reliability of the smart grid. However, the reliance of all participating nodes on public communication channels to transmit supply line surveillance data exposes these systems to critical cyber attacks. These cyber attacks include impersonation, physical tampering, ephemeral secret leakage, and desynchronization attacks. To address these issues, existing key-exchange protocols often fail to ensure robust security while imposing high computation and communication overheads, limiting their practicality for resource-constrained environments. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient key exchange and tamper-resistant authentication protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The PUF mechanism provides robust resistance against physical tampering and cloning attacks, ensuring enhanced physical security for supply line devices. We validate the security robustness of the devised protocol using the Random or Real (ROR) model. Furthermore, informal security analysis demonstrates the protocol's robustness in rigorously resisting various attacks, including physical tampering, impersonation, ephemeral secret leakage and desynchronization. Moreover, we determine the performance evaluation that reveals the protocol's superior efficiency compared to competing protocols, achieving significant reductions of 28.64% in computation overhead and 9.96% in communication overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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BSDSGANet: Bidirectional Skip-stored Dual-Stream Gated Attention Network for multivariate time series classification

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Knowledge-Based Systems 2025年 318卷

作者： Yi, Yugen Zhao, Panpan Sheng, Hui Liu, Min Li, Shicheng Dai, Jiangyan Kong, Jun Qiao, Shaojie School of Software Research Center for Management Science and Engineering Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Affective Computing Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang330022 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Jiangxi University of Technology Nanchang330098 China School of Computer Engineering Weifang University Weifang261061 China College of Information Science and Technology Northeast Normal University Changchun130117 China School of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu610225 China

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are popular in Time Series Classification (TSC) due to their high-dimensional stochastic projections. However, due to the echo state at the current step is susceptible to the preceding step, the existing ESNs struggle to capture the long-term temporal dependencies. Furthermore, most of them only employ the unidirectional storage to capture the sequence information, which fails to fully consider the impact of the past and future moments simultaneously. To address these issues, we propose an advanced method called Bidirectional Skip-stored Dual-Stream Gated Attention Network (BSDSGANet) for Multivariate Time Series Classification (MTSC). Specifically, to roundly exploit the sequence information, a Bidirectional Skip-Stored Encoder (BSSE) is designed to enrich the temporal context by integrating past and future information. Then, a Dual-Stream Gated Attention Learner (DSGAL) mechanism is incroporated, which employs a Gated Recurrent Self-Attention (GRSA) module to learn the long-term dependencies and variable relationships. Meanwhile, a Multi-Scale Gated Attention (MSGA) module is developed to extract more important features from multiple scales. Extensive experiments conducted on eighteen benchmark MTSC datasets show that BSDSGANet outperforms five traditional methods and twelve deep learning models. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Optimizing Multi-DNN Inference on Mobile Devices through Heterogeneous Processor Co-Execution

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gao, Yunquan Zhang, Zhiguo Donta, Praveen Kumar Dehury, Chinmaya Kumar Wang, Xiujun Niyato, Dusit Zhang, Qiyang School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Anhui University of Technology Anhui Ma’anshan243032 China Computer Science and Technology Anhui University of Technology Anhui Ma’anshan243032 China Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm106 91 Sweden Institute of Computer Science University of Tartu IISER Berhampur India College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Computer Science School Peking University Beijing100876 China

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed across diverse industries, driving a growing demand to enable their capabilities on mobile devices. However, existing mobile inference frameworks are often rely on a single processor to handle each model’s inference, limiting hardware utilization and leading to suboptimal performance and energy efficiency. Expanding DNNs accessibility on mobile platforms requires more adaptive and resource-efficient solutions to meet increasing computational demands without compromising device functionality. Nevertheless, parallel inference of multiple DNNs on heterogeneous processors remains a significant challenge. Several works have explored partitioning DNN operations into subgraphs to enable parallel execution across heterogeneous processors. However, these approaches typically generate excessive subgraphs based solely on hardware compatibility, increasing scheduling complexity and memory management overhead. To address these limitations, we propose an Advanced Multi-DNN Model Scheduling (ADMS) strategy that optimizes multi-DNN inference across heterogeneous processors on mobile devices. ADMS constructs an optimal subgraph partitioning strategy offline, considering both hardware support of operations and scheduling granularity, while employing a processor-state-aware scheduling algorithm that dynamically balances workloads based on real-time operational conditions. This ensures efficient workload distribution and maximizes the utilization of available processors. Experimental results show that, compared to vanilla inference frameworks, ADMS reduced multi-DNN inference latency by 4.04×.MSC Codes 68T07, 68W40 Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parallel processing systems

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Single Cell Clustering Based on Multi-view Generation 2nd

Single Cell Clustering Based on Multi-view Generation

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2nd International Conference on Applied Intelligence, ICAI 2024

作者： Wang, Yueyue Wu, Zheyu Zhang, Qinhu Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin Eastern Institute of Technology No. 568 Tongxin Road Zhuangshi Street Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Big Data and Intelligent Computing Research Center Guangxi Academy of Science Nanning530007 China Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory of Cardiology School of Medicine Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University Shanghai200123 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819619061

The rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing technology has opened new horizons for biomedical research. As the initial step in single-cell data analysis, clustering forms the foundation for downstream analyses. However, due to the inherent high dimensionality, noise, and sparsity of single-cell data, most current clustering methods exhibit poor stability. To address these limitations, we propose a novel clustering method based on multi-view generation (scCMVG) coupled with noise perturbation. Specifically, scCMVG introduces disturbances at both gene level and cellular level to disrupt the original associations between genes and cells. It then employs autoencoder and graph convolutional network to reconstruct the disturbed data and generate new feature representations from it. Through this strategy, the model's noise resistance can be enhanced, increasing the ability to capture diverse cellular states and gene expression patterns. Experimental results demonstrate scCMVG superior clustering performance across multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, outperforming existing methods. Consequently, scCMVG emerges as a valuable tool for clustering applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Gene expression

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