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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ma, Liantao Ma, Xinyu Gao, Junyi Zhang, Chaohe Yu, Zhihao Jiao, Xianfeng Ruan, Wenjie Wang, Yasha Tang, Wen Wang, Jiangtao 1Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Beijing China 2National Engineering Research Center of Software Engineering Peking University Beijing China 3School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China 4School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University UK 5Division of Nephrology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China

Due to the characteristics of COVID-19, the epidemic develops rapidly and overwhelms health service systems worldwide. Many patients suffer from systemic life-threatening problems and need to be carefully monitored in ICUs. Thus the intelligent prognosis is in an urgent need to assist physicians to take an early intervention, prevent the adverse outcome, and optimize the medical resource allocation. However, in the early stage of the epidemic outbreak, the data available for analysis is limited due to the lack of effective diagnostic mechanisms, rarity of the cases, and privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach, CovidCare, which leverages the existing electronic medical records to enhance the prognosis for inpatients with emerging infectious diseases. It learns to embed the COVID-19-related medical features based on massive existing EMR data via transfer learning. The transferred parameters are further trained to imitate the teacher model’s representation behavior based on knowledge distillation, which embeds the health status more comprehensively in the source dataset. We conduct the length of stay prediction experiments for patients on a real-world COVID-19 dataset. The experiment results indicate that our proposed model consistently outperforms the comparative baseline methods. CovidCare also reveals that, 1) hs-cTnI, hs-CRP and Platelet Counts are the most fatal biomarkers, whose abnormal values usually indicate emergency adverse outcome. 2) Normal values of γ-GT, AP and eGFR indicate the overall improvement of health. The medical findings extracted by CovidCare are empirically confirmed by human experts and medical literatures. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epidemiology

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Using Metamodeling for Requirements engineering: A Best-Practice with ADOxx

Using Metamodeling for Requirements Engineering: A Best-Prac...

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IEEE International Conference on Requirements engineering

作者： Dimitris Karagiannis Moonkun Lee Robert Andrei Buchmann Research Group Knowledge Engineering University of Vienna Vienna Austria Division of Computer Science and Engineering Chonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea Business Informatics Research Center University Babeş-Bolyai Cluj Napoca Romania

Modeling tools, as an instrument in support of the Requirements engineering (RE) process, usually focus on a particular aspect, in a domain-agnostic manner. The tutorial discusses meta-modeling as an approach to over-come such shortcomings, enabling more holistic and specific semantic coverage of requirements models. The meta-modeling platform ADOxx is introduced as an experimentation environment for researchers and practitioners to realize their individual modeling languages and functionality in support of RE. Specific emphasis is given to the practical nature of the tutorial: participants are encouraged to build their individual modeling tool in a hands-on setting and experiment with the capabilities of ADOxx to implement meta-models and model processing mechanisms, to specialize them or to integrate available assets provided by the *** community.

关键词： Tools Tutorials Metamodeling Requirements engineering Semantics Analytical models

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Decoding PM2.5 oxidative potential in Ningbo, China: Key chemicals, sources, and health risks via dual-assay and machine learning

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 495卷 138877页

作者： Famiyeh, Lord Chen, Ke Xu, Jingsha Tesema, Fiseha Berhanu Solomon, Mosses Ji, Dongsheng Xu, Honghui Wang, Chengjun Guo, Qingjun Wen, Conghua Zhou, John L. He, Jun Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Zhongfa Aviation Institute of Beihang University Hangzhou China School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China State Kay Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hangzhou China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hunan Institute of Technology Hengyang China Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Mathematics and Physics Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China Nottingham Ningbo China Beacon of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute Ningbo China

PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP), a key driver of health risks, was investigated in Ningbo, China, using dual dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays combined with machine learning (ML). This approach accounts for the complexity of interactions among key chemical drivers and accurately identifies chemical species and PM2.5 sources associated with OP - a critical gap in prior studies relying solely on correlation analysis and linear regression. Year-long PM2.5 samples revealed higher nighttime and summer OP (volume-based OP-DTTv and OP-AAv), linked to aerosol acidity and photochemical aging. Among six ML models, Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) outperformed others by 9.5–30.7 %, identifying Cu, Fe, V, As, Co, Cd, NO3^-, Ni, and quinones as primary OP drivers, with synergistic effects for most constituents except antagonistic Fe. Source apportionment attributed OP mainly to vehicular emissions (40 %), marine/sea salt (20 %), and secondary aerosols (16 %). Biomass burning, industry, and road dust contributed minimally. Results emphasize targeting quinones, traffic-related metals (Cu, V), and synergistic metal interactions to mitigate PM2.5 toxicity in coastal cities. The dual-assay ML framework provides actionable insights for prioritizing OP-driven regulation, particularly in regions blending anthropogenic and marine influences, to reduce oxidative stress-related health burdens.

关键词： Chemical constituents Machine learning Oxidative potential PM2.5 Source apportionment

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Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). III. A First High-resolution View of Submillimeter Continuum and Molecular Line Emission toward the Class 0 Protostar L1527 IRS

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第1期951卷 10-10页

作者： van ’t Hoff, Merel L. R. Tobin, John J. Li, Zhi-Yun Ohashi, Nagayoshi Jørgensen, Jes K. Lin, Zhe-Yu Daniel Aikawa, Yuri Aso, Yusuke de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Itziar Gavino, Sacha Han, Ilseung Koch, Patrick M. Kwon, Woojin Lee, Chang Won Lee, Jeong-Eun Looney, Leslie W. Narayanan, Suchitra Plunkett, Adele Insa Choi, Jinshi Sai Santamaría-Miranda, Alejandro Sharma, Rajeeb Sheehan, Patrick D. Takakuwa, Shigehisa Thieme, Travis J. Williams, Jonathan P. Lai, Shih-Ping Phuong, Nguyen Thi Yen, Hsi-Wei Department of Astronomy University of Michigan 1085 S. University Ave. Ann Arbor 48109-1107 MI United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd. Charlottesville 22903 VA United States Department of Astronomy University of Virginia 530 McCormick Rd. Charlottesville 22904 VA United States Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 10617 Taiwan Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Øster Voldgade 5-7 Copenhagen K DK-1350 Denmark Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeok-daero Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34055 South Korea European Southern Observatory Alonso de Cordova 3107 Casilla 19 Vitacura Santiago Chile Division of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea Department of Astronomy University of Illinois 1002 West Green St. Urbana 61801 IL United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai’i at Mānoa 2680 Woodlawn Dr. Honolulu 96822 HI United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University Kagoshima 1-21-35 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Center for Informatics and Computation in Astronomy National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua Universi

Studying the physical and chemical conditions of young embedded disks is crucial to constrain the initial conditions for planet formation. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of dust continuum at ∼0.″06 (8 au) resolution and molecular line emission at ∼0.″17 (24 au) resolution toward the Class 0 protostar L1527 IRS from the Large Program eDisk (Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks). The continuum emission is smooth without substructures but asymmetric along both the major and minor axes of the disk as previously observed. The detected lines of ¹²CO, ¹³CO, C¹⁸O, H₂CO, c-C₃H₂, SO, SiO, and DCN trace different components of the protostellar system, with a disk wind potentially visible in ¹²CO. The ¹³CO brightness temperature and the H₂CO line ratio confirm that the disk is too warm for CO freezeout, with the snowline located at ∼350 au in the envelope. Both molecules show potential evidence of a temperature increase around the disk-envelope interface. SO seems to originate predominantly in UV-irradiated regions such as the disk surface and the outflow cavity walls rather than at the disk-envelope interface as previously suggested. Finally, the continuum asymmetry along the minor axis is consistent with the inclination derived from the large-scale (100″ or 14,000 au) outflow, but opposite to that based on the molecular jet and envelope emission, suggesting a misalignment in the system. Overall, these results highlight the importance of observing multiple molecular species in multiple transitions to characterize the physical and chemical environment of young disks. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Towards contrast- and pathology-agnostic clinical fetal brain MRI segmentation using SynthSeg

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shang, Ziyao Kaandorp, Misha Payette, Kelly Garcia, Marina Fernandez Licandro, Roxane Langs, Georg Verdera, Jordina Aviles Hutter, Jana Menze, Bjoern Kasprian, Gregor Cuadra, Meritxell Bach Jakab, Andras Center for MR Research University Children’s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland ETH ZURICH Department of Computer Science Switzerland Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Computerized Imaging Research Group Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Austria Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne Switzerland Radiology Department University of Lausanne Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Research Department of Early Life Imaging School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London United Kingdom Biomedical Engineering Department School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London United Kingdom Smart Imaging Lab Radiological Institute University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany Valencia Spain Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopmental research. Structural annotations of MR images are an important step for quantitative analysis of the developing human brain, with Deep learning providing an automated alternative for this otherwise tedious manual process. However, segmentation performances of Convolutional Neural Networks often suffer from domain shift, where the network fails when applied to subjects that deviate from the distribution with which it is trained on. In this work, we aim to train networks capable of automatically segmenting fetal brain MRIs with a wide range of domain shifts pertaining to differences in subject physiology and acquisition environments, in particular shape-based differences commonly observed in pathological cases. We introduce a novel data-driven train-time sampling strategy that seeks to fully exploit the diversity of a given training dataset to enhance the domain generalizability of the trained networks. We adapted our sampler, together with other existing data augmentation techniques, to the SynthSeg framework, a generator that utilizes domain randomization to generate diverse training data, and ran thorough experimentations and ablation studies on a wide range of training/testing data to test the validity of the approaches. Our networks achieved notable improvements in the segmentation quality on testing subjects with intense anatomical abnormalities (p Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Cross-calibration and combined analysis of the CTA-LST prototype and the MAGIC telescopes 37

Cross-calibration and combined analysis of the CTA-LST proto...

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Ohtani, Y. Berti, A. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Green, D. Heckmann, L. Hütten, M. Inada, T. López-Coto, R. Medina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Pirola, G. Strzys, M. Suda, Y. Vovk, I. Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moretti, E. ICRR The University of Tokyo 1-5-1 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa City Japan Max Planck Institute for Physics Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Francesco Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy IFAE Edifici Cn Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona08193 Spain Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Séneca 2 Madrid28040 Spain Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Spain INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay France LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy INFN Sezione di Catania Italy University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Italy Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic Port d'Informació Científica Spain Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá degli Studi di Torino Italy University of Rijeka Department of Physics Croatia Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Germany Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation gamma-ray observatory, which will consist of three kinds of telescopes of different sizes. Among those, the Large Size Telescope (LST) will be the most sensitive in the low energy range starting from 20 GeV. The prototype LST (LST-1) proposed for CTA was inaugurated in October 2018 in the northern hemisphere site, La Palma (Spain), and is currently in its commissioning phase. MAGIC is a system of two gamma-ray Cherenkov telescopes of the current generation, located approximately 100 m away from LST-1, that have been operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009. Since LST-1 and MAGIC can observe the same air shower events, we can compare the brightness of showers, estimated energies of gamma rays, and other parameters event by event, which can be used to cross-calibrate the telescopes. Ultimately, by performing combined analyses of the events triggering the three telescopes, we can reconstruct the shower geometry more accurately, leading to better energy and angular resolutions, and a better discrimination of the background showers initiated by cosmic rays. For that purpose, as part of the commissioning of LST-1, we performed joint observations of established gamma-ray sources with LST-1 and MAGIC. Also, we have developed Monte Carlo simulations for such joint observations and an analysis pipeline which finds event coincidence in the offline analysis based on their timestamps. In this work, we present the first detection of an astronomical source, the Crab Nebula, with combined observation of LST-1 and MAGIC. Moreover, we show results of the inter-telescope cross-calibration obtained using Crab Nebula data taken during joint observations with LST-1 and MAGIC. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Telescopes

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Jets from MRC 0600−399 bent by magnetic fields in the cluster Abell 3376

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chibueze, James O. Sakemi, Haruka Ohmura, Takumi Machida, Mami Akamatsu, Hiroki Akahori, Takuya Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Parekh, Viral van Rooyen, Ruby Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Centre for Space Research Potchefstroom campus North-West University Potchefstroom2531 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Carver Building 1 University Road Nsukka410001 Nigeria Graduated School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Sorbonnelaan 2 Utrecht3584 CA Netherlands Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-35 Korimoto Kagoshima890-0065 Japan South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Park Park Road Pinelands 2 Fir Street Black River Park Observatory7925 South Africa Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University PO Box 94 Makhanda6140 South Africa Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8602 Japan Research Center for Statistical Machine Learning Institute of Statistical Mathematics 10-3 Midori-cho Tachikawa Tokyo190-8562 Japan

Galaxy clusters are known to harbour magnetic fields. The nature of the intra-cluster magnetic fields remains an unresolved question. Intra-cluster magnetic field can be observed at the density contact discontinuity formed by cool and dense plasma running into hot ambient plasma [1,2], and the discontinuity exists[3] near the 2nd BCG MRC 0600-399[4] of a merging galaxy cluster Abell 3376 (z = 0.0461, hereafter as A3376). Elongated X-ray image in the east-west direction with a comet-like structure reaches a Mpcscale[5] (Fig 1.(a)). Previous radio observations[6,7] detected the bent jets from MRC 0600-399, moving in same direction as the sub-cluster’s motion against ram pressure. Here we report a new radio observation of a radio galaxy MRC 0600-399 which is 3.4 times and 11 times higher resolution and sensitivity than the previous results[6]. Contrary to typical jets[8,9], the MRC 0600-399 shows a 90◦ bend at the contact discontinuity and the collimated jets further extend over 100 kpc from the bend point. Diffuse, elongated emission named "double-scythe" structures were detected for the first time. The spectral index flattens downstream of the bend point, indicating cosmic-ray re-acceleration. High-resolution numerical simulations reveal that the ordered magnetic field along the discontinuity plays a significant role in the change in the jet direction. The morphology of the "double-scythe" bear remarkable similarities with the simulations, which strengthens our understanding of the interaction between relativistic electrons and intra-cluster magnetic field. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic fields

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A Unified Sampling and Scheduling Approach for Status Update in Multiaccess Wireless Networks

A Unified Sampling and Scheduling Approach for Status Update...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Zhiyuan Jiang Sheng Zhou Zhisheng Niu Cheng Yu Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University Shanghai China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA

Information source sampling and update scheduling have been treated separately in the context of real-time status update for age of information optimization. In this paper, a unified sampling and scheduling (S 2 ) approach is proposed, focusing on decentralized updates in multiaccess wireless networks. To gain some insights, we first analyze an example consisting of two-state Markov sources, showing that when both optimized, the unified approach outperforms the separate approach significantly in terms of status tracking error by capturing the key status variation. We then generalize to source nodes with random-walk state transitions whose scaling limit is Wiener processes, the closed-form Whittle's index with arbitrary status tracking error functions is obtained and indexability established. Furthermore, a mean-field approach is applied to solve for the decentralized status update design explicitly. In addition to simulation results which validate the optimality of the proposed S 2 scheme and its advantage over the separate approach, a use case of dynamic channel state information (CSI) update is investigated, with CSI generated by a ray-tracing electromagnetic software.

关键词： Markov processes Wireless networks Indexes Delays Optimal scheduling Error probability

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Giant enhancement of THz wave emission under double pulse excitation of thin water flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Huang, Hsin-Hui Nagashima, Takeshi Yonezawa, Tetsu Matsuo, Yasutaka Ng, Soon Hock Juodkazis, Saulius Hatanaka, Koji Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Faculty of Science and Engineering Setsunan University Osaka572-8508 Japan Division of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Nanotechnology Facility Center for Micro-Photonics Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan College of Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Dong-Hwa University Hualien97401 Taiwan

Simultaneous measurements of THz wave and hard X-ray emission from thin and flat water flow when irradiated by double femtosecond laser pulses (800 nm, 35 fs, transform-limited, 0.5 kHz, delay times up to 15 ns) were carried out at the transmission and the reflection sides of the flow with THz time-domain spectroscopy and Geiger counters. THz wave emission spectra show their dynamic peak-shifts toward the low frequency with the highest intensity enhancements more than 1.5 × 103 times in |E|2 at the delay time of 4.7 ns between the two pulses, while X-ray intensity enhancements are limited to about 20 times at 0 ns under the same experimental conditions. The mechanisms for the spectral changes and the intensity enhancements in THz wave emission are discussed from the viewpoint of laser ablation on the water flow induced by the pre-pulse irradiation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydraulics

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Defect engineering in Metal–Organic Frameworks Towards advanced Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient Propylene/Propane Separation

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Angewandte Chemie 2021年第23期133卷

作者： Tae Hoon Lee Jae Gu Jung Yu Jin Kim Dr. Ji Soo Roh Dr. Hee Wook Yoon Dr. Bader S. Ghanem Prof. Hyo Won Kim Dr. Young Hoon Cho Prof. Ingo Pinnau Prof. Ho Bum Park Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea Functional Polymer Membranes Group Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Kangwon National University Samcheok 25931 Republic of Korea Green Carbon Research Center Chemical & Process Technology Division Korea Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea

Highly permselective and durable membrane materials have been sought for energy-efficient C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 separation. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising a polymer matrix and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for this application; however, rational matching of filler-matrix is challenging and their separation performances need to be further improved. Here, we propose a novel strategy of “defect engineering” in MOFs as an additional degree of freedom to design advanced MMMs. MMMs incorporated with defect-engineered MOFs exhibit exceptionally high C 3 H 6 permeability and maintained C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 selectivity, especially with enhanced stability under industrial mixed-gas conditions. The gas transport, sorption, and material characterizations reveal that the defect sites in MOFs provide the resulting MMMs with not only ultrafast diffusion pathways but also favorable C 3 H 6 sorption by forming complexation with unsaturated open metal sites, confirmed by in situ FT-IR studies. Most importantly, the concept is also valid for different polymer matrices and gas pairs, demonstrating its versatile potential in other fields.

关键词： defect engineering in situ FT-IR spectroscopy membranes metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) olefin/paraffin separation

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