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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Ohtani, Y. Berti, A. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Green, D. Heckmann, L. Hütten, M. Inada, T. López-Coto, R. Medina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Pirola, G. Strzys, M. Suda, Y. Vovk, I. Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moretti, E. ICRR The University of Tokyo 1-5-1 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa City Japan Max Planck Institute for Physics Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria 1 Torino10125 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Francesco Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy IFAE Edifici Cn Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona08193 Spain Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Séneca 2 Madrid28040 Spain Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Spain INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay France LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy INFN Sezione di Catania Italy University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Italy Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic Port d'Informació Científica Spain Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá degli Studi di Torino Italy University of Rijeka Department of Physics Croatia Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Germany Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation gamma-ray observatory, which will consist of three kinds of telescopes of different sizes. Among those, the Large Size Telescope (LST) will be the most sensitive in the low energy range starting from 20 GeV. The prototype LST (LST-1) proposed for CTA was inaugurated in October 2018 in the northern hemisphere site, La Palma (Spain), and is currently in its commissioning phase. MAGIC is a system of two gamma-ray Cherenkov telescopes of the current generation, located approximately 100 m away from LST-1, that have been operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009. Since LST-1 and MAGIC can observe the same air shower events, we can compare the brightness of showers, estimated energies of gamma rays, and other parameters event by event, which can be used to cross-calibrate the telescopes. Ultimately, by performing combined analyses of the events triggering the three telescopes, we can reconstruct the shower geometry more accurately, leading to better energy and angular resolutions, and a better discrimination of the background showers initiated by cosmic rays. For that purpose, as part of the commissioning of LST-1, we performed joint observations of established gamma-ray sources with LST-1 and MAGIC. Also, we have developed Monte Carlo simulations for such joint observations and an analysis pipeline which finds event coincidence in the offline analysis based on their timestamps. In this work, we present the first detection of an astronomical source, the Crab Nebula, with combined observation of LST-1 and MAGIC. Moreover, we show results of the inter-telescope cross-calibration obtained using Crab Nebula data taken during joint observations with LST-1 and MAGIC. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Telescopes

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Jets from MRC 0600−399 bent by magnetic fields in the cluster Abell 3376

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chibueze, James O. Sakemi, Haruka Ohmura, Takumi Machida, Mami Akamatsu, Hiroki Akahori, Takuya Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Parekh, Viral van Rooyen, Ruby Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Centre for Space Research Potchefstroom campus North-West University Potchefstroom2531 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Carver Building 1 University Road Nsukka410001 Nigeria Graduated School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Sorbonnelaan 2 Utrecht3584 CA Netherlands Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-35 Korimoto Kagoshima890-0065 Japan South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Park Park Road Pinelands 2 Fir Street Black River Park Observatory7925 South Africa Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University PO Box 94 Makhanda6140 South Africa Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8602 Japan Research Center for Statistical Machine Learning Institute of Statistical Mathematics 10-3 Midori-cho Tachikawa Tokyo190-8562 Japan

Galaxy clusters are known to harbour magnetic fields. The nature of the intra-cluster magnetic fields remains an unresolved question. Intra-cluster magnetic field can be observed at the density contact discontinuity formed by cool and dense plasma running into hot ambient plasma [1,2], and the discontinuity exists[3] near the 2nd BCG MRC 0600-399[4] of a merging galaxy cluster Abell 3376 (z = 0.0461, hereafter as A3376). Elongated X-ray image in the east-west direction with a comet-like structure reaches a Mpcscale[5] (Fig 1.(a)). Previous radio observations[6,7] detected the bent jets from MRC 0600-399, moving in same direction as the sub-cluster’s motion against ram pressure. Here we report a new radio observation of a radio galaxy MRC 0600-399 which is 3.4 times and 11 times higher resolution and sensitivity than the previous results[6]. Contrary to typical jets[8,9], the MRC 0600-399 shows a 90◦ bend at the contact discontinuity and the collimated jets further extend over 100 kpc from the bend point. Diffuse, elongated emission named "double-scythe" structures were detected for the first time. The spectral index flattens downstream of the bend point, indicating cosmic-ray re-acceleration. High-resolution numerical simulations reveal that the ordered magnetic field along the discontinuity plays a significant role in the change in the jet direction. The morphology of the "double-scythe" bear remarkable similarities with the simulations, which strengthens our understanding of the interaction between relativistic electrons and intra-cluster magnetic field. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic fields

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Giant enhancement of THz wave emission under double pulse excitation of thin water flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Huang, Hsin-Hui Nagashima, Takeshi Yonezawa, Tetsu Matsuo, Yasutaka Ng, Soon Hock Juodkazis, Saulius Hatanaka, Koji Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Faculty of Science and Engineering Setsunan University Osaka572-8508 Japan Division of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Nanotechnology Facility Center for Micro-Photonics Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan College of Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Dong-Hwa University Hualien97401 Taiwan

Simultaneous measurements of THz wave and hard X-ray emission from thin and flat water flow when irradiated by double femtosecond laser pulses (800 nm, 35 fs, transform-limited, 0.5 kHz, delay times up to 15 ns) were carried out at the transmission and the reflection sides of the flow with THz time-domain spectroscopy and Geiger counters. THz wave emission spectra show their dynamic peak-shifts toward the low frequency with the highest intensity enhancements more than 1.5 × 103 times in |E|2 at the delay time of 4.7 ns between the two pulses, while X-ray intensity enhancements are limited to about 20 times at 0 ns under the same experimental conditions. The mechanisms for the spectral changes and the intensity enhancements in THz wave emission are discussed from the viewpoint of laser ablation on the water flow induced by the pre-pulse irradiation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydraulics

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A Unified Sampling and Scheduling Approach for Status Update in Multiaccess Wireless Networks

A Unified Sampling and Scheduling Approach for Status Update...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Zhiyuan Jiang Sheng Zhou Zhisheng Niu Cheng Yu Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University Shanghai China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA

Information source sampling and update scheduling have been treated separately in the context of real-time status update for age of information optimization. In this paper, a unified sampling and scheduling (S 2 ) approach is proposed, focusing on decentralized updates in multiaccess wireless networks. To gain some insights, we first analyze an example consisting of two-state Markov sources, showing that when both optimized, the unified approach outperforms the separate approach significantly in terms of status tracking error by capturing the key status variation. We then generalize to source nodes with random-walk state transitions whose scaling limit is Wiener processes, the closed-form Whittle's index with arbitrary status tracking error functions is obtained and indexability established. Furthermore, a mean-field approach is applied to solve for the decentralized status update design explicitly. In addition to simulation results which validate the optimality of the proposed S 2 scheme and its advantage over the separate approach, a use case of dynamic channel state information (CSI) update is investigated, with CSI generated by a ray-tracing electromagnetic software.

关键词： Markov processes Wireless networks Indexes Delays Optimal scheduling Error probability

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The association for the advancement of artificial intelligence 2020 workshop program

The association for the advancement of artificial intelligen...

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作者： Bang, Grace Barash, Guy Bea, Ryan Cali, Jacques Castillo-Effen, Mauricio Chen, Xin Cynthia Chhaya, Niyati Dhoopar, Rohan Dumancic, Sebastijan Espinoza, Huáscar Farchi, Eitan Fioretto, Ferdinando Fuentetaja, Raquel Galley, Michel Geib, Christopher Hernández-Orallo, José Huang, Xiaowei Keren, Sarah Kim, Seokhwan Jaidka, Kokil Liu, Xiaomo Lu, Tyler Ma, Zhiqiang Mallah, Richard McDermid, John Michalowski, Martin Mirsky, Reuth Héigeartaigh, Seán Ó. Ramachandran, Deepak Segovia-Aguas, Javier Shaban-Nejad, Arash Shehory, Onn Shwartz, Vered Srivastava, Siddharth Talamadupula, Kartik Tang, Jian Zhang, Dell Zhang, Jian S&P Global. Western Digital University of Southampton United Kingdom Blue Prism Group PLC Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Laboratories ArlingtonVA United States University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Adobe Research Google Research Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium Commissariat à ĺÉnergie Atomique France IBM Research Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University United States Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain Microsoft Research AI SIFT LLC Universitat Politècnica de València Spain Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Liverpool United Kingdom National University of Singapore Singapore Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences in the of Fields of Multiagent Environment Design and Goal Recognition Design Amazon Alexa AI Future of Life Institute United States University of York Assuring Autonomy International Program United Kingdom University of Minnesota School of Nursing MinneapolisMN United States University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial Spanish Council for Scientific Research Technical University of Catalonia Spain Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Biomedical Informatics Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Science Center United States Bar Ilan University Israel University of Washington SeattleWA United States Autonomous Agents and Intelligent Robots lab of the School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Arizona State University United States DiDi AI Labs School of Industrial and System Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States University of London United Kingdom Microsoft Azure

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2020 Workshop Program included twenty-three workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. This report contains the required reports, which were submitted by most, but not all, of the workshop chairs. Copyright © 2020, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

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Defect engineering in Metal–Organic Frameworks Towards advanced Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient Propylene/Propane Separation

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Angewandte Chemie 2021年第23期133卷

作者： Tae Hoon Lee Jae Gu Jung Yu Jin Kim Dr. Ji Soo Roh Dr. Hee Wook Yoon Dr. Bader S. Ghanem Prof. Hyo Won Kim Dr. Young Hoon Cho Prof. Ingo Pinnau Prof. Ho Bum Park Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea Functional Polymer Membranes Group Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Kangwon National University Samcheok 25931 Republic of Korea Green Carbon Research Center Chemical & Process Technology Division Korea Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea

Highly permselective and durable membrane materials have been sought for energy-efficient C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 separation. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising a polymer matrix and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for this application; however, rational matching of filler-matrix is challenging and their separation performances need to be further improved. Here, we propose a novel strategy of “defect engineering” in MOFs as an additional degree of freedom to design advanced MMMs. MMMs incorporated with defect-engineered MOFs exhibit exceptionally high C 3 H 6 permeability and maintained C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 selectivity, especially with enhanced stability under industrial mixed-gas conditions. The gas transport, sorption, and material characterizations reveal that the defect sites in MOFs provide the resulting MMMs with not only ultrafast diffusion pathways but also favorable C 3 H 6 sorption by forming complexation with unsaturated open metal sites, confirmed by in situ FT-IR studies. Most importantly, the concept is also valid for different polymer matrices and gas pairs, demonstrating its versatile potential in other fields.

关键词： defect engineering in situ FT-IR spectroscopy membranes metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) olefin/paraffin separation

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Triboelectric backgrounds to radio-based polar ultra-high energy neutrino (UHEN) experiments

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Astroparticle Physics 2023年 145卷

作者： Aguilar, J.A. Anker, A. Allison, P. Archambault, S. Baldi, P. Barwick, S.W. Beatty, J.J. Beise, J. Besson, D. Bishop, A. Bondarev, E. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Cataldo, M. Chen, C.C. Chen, C.H. Chen, P. Chen, Y.C. Choi, T. Clark, B.A. Clay, W. Curtis-Ginsberg, Z. Connolly, A. Cremonesi, L. Dasgupta, P. Davies, J. de Kockere, S. de Vries, K.D. Deaconu, C. DuVernois, M.A. Flaherty, J. Friedman, E. Gaior, R. Gaswint, G. Glaser, C. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Ham, Y.-B. Hanson, J.C. Harty, N. Hendricks, B. Hoffman, K.D. Hong, E. Hornhuber, C. Hsu, S.Y. Hu, L. Huang, J.J. Huang, M.-H. Hughes, K. Ishihara, A. Jee, G. Jung, J. Karle, A. Kelley, J.L. Klein, S.R. Kleinfelder, S.A. Kim, J. Kim, K.-C. Kim, M.-C. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Ku, Y. Kuo, C.Y. Kurusu, K. Kwon, Hyuck-Jin Lahmann, R. Landsman, H. Latif, U. Lee, C. Leung, C.-H. Li, C.-J. Liu, J. Liu, T.-C. Lu, M.-Y. Madison, K. Mammo, J. Mase, K. McAleer, S. Meures, T. Meyers, Z.S. Michaels, K. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R.J. Nir, G. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Osborn, J. Pan, Y. Pandya, H. Paul, M.P. Persichilli, C. Pfendner, C. Plaisier, I. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Rice-Smith, R. Roth, J. Ryckbosch, D. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M.F.H. Shiao, Y.-S. Shin, B.-K. Shultz, A. Smith, D. Southall, D. Tatar, J. Torres, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Touart, J. Van Den Broeck, D.J. van Eijndhoven, N. Varner, G.S. Vieregg, A.G. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, S.-H. Wang, Y.H. Welling, C. Williams, D.R. Wissel, S. Xie, C. Yoshida, S. Young, R. Zhao, L. Zink, A. Universite Libre de Bruxelles Science Faculty CP230 BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Information and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden University of Kansas Department of Physics and Astronomy LawrenceKS66045 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States ECAP Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Vrije Universiteit Brussel Astrophysical Institute Pleinlaan 2 Brussels1050 Belgium Department of Physics Grad. Inst. of Astrophys. Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Polar Science Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Space Science and Geology Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI48824 United States Department of Physics Enrico Fermi Institute Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London London United Kingdom Vrije Universiteit Brussel Dienst ELEM Brussels Belgium Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park MD20742 United States Whittier College Department of Physics WhittierCA90602 United States Department of Physics University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Par

In the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E>1 EeV) populating the Universe, both past (RICE, AURA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA, ARA and TAROGE-M) polar-sited experiments exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by neutrino interactions. In such experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously identified above backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we consider the possibility that ‘fake’ neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the ‘triboelectric effect.’ This broadly describes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production of an electrostatic potential difference ΔV. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge. Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic MHz–GHz frequencies. Using data from various past (RICE, AURA, SATRA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA and ARA) neutrino experiments, we find evidence for such backgrounds, which are generally characterized by: (a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental trigger criteria and layout;for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), (b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100–200 MHz), (c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cosmology

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Atomic-scale ferroic HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice gate stack for advanced transistors

Research Square

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research Square 2021年

作者： Cheema, Suraj S. Shanker, Nirmaan Wang, Li-Chen Hsu, Cheng-Hsiang Hsu, Shang-Lin Liao, Yu-Hung Jose, Matthew San Gomez, Jorge Li, Wenshen Bae, Jong-Ho Volkman, Steve Kwon, Daewoong Rho, Yoonsoo Pinelli, Gianni Rastogi, Ravi Pipitone, Dominick Stull, Corey Cook, Matthew Tyrrell, Brian Stoica, Vladimir A. Zhang, Zhan Freeland, John W. Tassone, Christopher J. Mehta, Apurva Soheli, Ghazal Thompson, David Suh, Dong Ik Koo, Won-Tae Nam, Kab-Jin Jung, Dong Jin Song, Woo-Bin Lin, Chung-Hsun Nam, Seunggeol Heo, Jinseong Grigoropoulos, Costas P. Shafer, Padraic Fay, Patrick Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Ciston, Jim Datta, Suman Mohamed, Mohamed Hu, Chenming Salahuddin, Sayeef Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN United States Applied Science & Technology University of California BerkeleyCA United States Laser Thermal Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology LexingtonMA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA United States Applied Materials Santa ClaraCA United States SK Hynix Inc. Gyeonggi-do Icheon17336 Korea Republic of Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Gyeonggi-do 445-330 Korea Republic of Logic Technology Development Intel Corporation HillsboroOR97124 United States Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Samsung Electronics Gyeonggi-do 445-330 Korea Republic of Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States

With the scaling of lateral dimensions in advanced transistors, an increased gate capacitance is desirable both to retain the control of the gate electrode over the channel and to reduce the operating voltage1. This led to the adoption of high-κ dielectric HfO2 in the gate stack in 20082, which remains as the material of choice to date. Here, we report HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice heterostructures as a gate stack, stabilized with mixed ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, directly integrated onto Si transistors and scaled down to ∼ 20 Å, the same gate oxide thickness required for high performance transistors. The overall EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors is equivalent to ∼ 6.5 Å effective SiO2 thickness, which is, counterintuitively, even smaller than the interfacial SiO2 thickness (8.0-8.5 Å) itself. Such a low effective oxide thickness and the resulting large capacitance cannot be achieved in conventional HfO2-based high-κ dielectric gate stacks without scavenging the interfacial SiO2, which has adverse effects on the electron transport and gate leakage current3. Accordingly, our gate stacks, which do not require such scavenging, provide substantially lower leakage current and no mobility degradation. Therefore, our work demonstrates that HfO2-ZrO2 multilayers with competing ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, stabilized in the 2 nm thickness regime, provides a new path towards advanced gate oxide stacks in electronic devices beyond the conventional HfO2-based high-κ dielectrics. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Silica

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Enhanced Sensing and Nondegraded Thermal Noise Performance Based on PT-Symmetric Electronic Circuits with a Sixth-Order Exceptional Point

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第21期123卷 213901-213901页

作者： Zhicheng Xiao Huanan Li Tsampikos Kottos Andrea Alù Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Deaprtment of Physics Wesleyan University Middletown Connecticut 06459 USA

An exceptional point (EP) is a non-Hermitian degeneracy where both eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. It was recently proposed and demonstrated that such spectral singularity can be utilized for enhanced sensing. Potential drawbacks of EP sensing include both fundamental resolution limit and noise effects that might mask the hypersensitive resonant splitting. Here, we address these issues by proposing a parity-time (PT)-symmetric sensing circuit bearing a sixth-order EP. By employing capacitive coupling channel as a sensing platform, we achieve an enhanced resonance shift proportional to the fourth-order root of the perturbation strength and maintain a high resolution for weak perturbation. Due to the low-pass feature of our circuit, thermal noise is mitigated down to a level comparable to its Hermitian counterpart, despite the presence of highly noisy gain and loss elements. Our EP sensing scheme offers combined enhanced sensitivity, improved resolution and nondegraded thermal noise performance, showing an exciting prospect for next-generation sensing technologies.

关键词： Noise Quantum sensing PT-symmetry

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Time-dependent mediators in survival analysis: Modelling direct and indirect effects with the additive hazards model

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Aalen, Odd O. Stensrud, Mats J. Didelez, Vanessa Daniel, Rhian Røysland, Kjetil Strohmaier, Susanne Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department for Biostatistics IMB University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Medicine Diakonhjemmet Hospital Oslo Norway Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS Bremen Germany Faculty of Mathematics / Computer Science University of Bremen Bremen Germany Division of Population Medicine Cardiff University United Kingdom Institute of Clinical Biometrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

We discuss causal mediation analyses for survival data and propose a new approach based on the additive hazards model. The emphasis is on a dynamic point of view, that is, understanding how the direct and indirect effects develop over time. Hence, importantly, we allow for a time varying mediator. To define direct and indirect effects in such a longitudinal survival setting we take an interventional approach (Didelez, 2018) where treatment is separated into one aspect affecting the mediator and a different aspect affecting survival. In general, this leads to a version of the non-parametric g-formula (Robins, 1986). In the present paper, we demonstrate that combining the g-formula with the additive hazards model and a sequential linear model for the mediator process results in simple and interpretable expressions for direct and indirect effects in terms of relative survival as well as cumulative hazards. Our results generalise and formalise the method of dynamic path analysis (Fosen et al., 2006;Strohmaier et al., 2015). An application to data from a clinical trial on blood pressure medication is given. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blood pressure

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