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Intrinsic ORR Activity Enhancement of Pt Atomic Sites by engineering thed-Band center via Local Coordination Tuning

Angewandte Chemie 2021年第40期133卷

作者： Dr. Xiaofeng Zhu Dr. Xin Tan Dr. Kuang-Hsu Wu Dr. Shu-Chih Haw Dr. Chih-Wen Pao Dr. Bing-Jian Su Junjie Jiang Prof. Sean C. Smith Prof. Jin-Ming Chen Prof. Rose Amal Dr. Xunyu Lu School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Integrated Materials Design Laboratory Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of Physics The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Nano-science Group National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Experimental Facility Division National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan

A considerable amount of platinum (Pt) is required to ensure an adequate rate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Thus, the implementation of atomic Pt catalysts holds promise for minimizing the Pt content. In this contribution, atomic Pt sites with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) co-coordination on a carbon matrix (PtNPC) are conceptually predicted and experimentally developed to alter the d-band center of Pt, thereby promoting the intrinsic ORR activity. PtNPC with a record-low Pt content (≈0.026 wt %) consequently shows a benchmark-comparable activity for ORR with an onset of 1.0 V RHE and half-wave potential of 0.85 V RHE . It also features a high stability in 15 000-cycle tests and a superior turnover frequency of 6.80 s −1 at 0.9 V RHE . Damjanovic kinetics analysis reveals a tuned ORR kinetics of PtNPC from a mixed 2/4-electron to a predominately 4-electron route. It is discovered that coordinated P species significantly shifts d-band center of Pt atoms, accounting for the exceptional performance of PtNPC.

关键词： atomic catalysts d-band center doping intrinsic activity enhancement oxygen reduction reaction

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3D extrusion bioprinting

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS

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NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS 2021年第1期1卷 1页

作者： Willson, Joseph Division of Engineering in Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering Institute of Bioengineering School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Science EPFL Lausanne Switzerland Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands

This PrimeView on 3D extrusion bioprinting accompanies the Primer by Zhang et al. and highlights the main stages of the 3D extrusion bioprinting process.

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Practically Feasible Recommender Systems for Cold Start Problems 5

Practically Feasible Recommender Systems for Cold Start Prob...

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5th Asia-Pacific World Congress on computer science and engineering, APWC on CSE 2018

作者： Kawai, Mimu Shiohama, Takayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku Katsushika Tokyo125-8585 Japan Department of Information and Computer Technology Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku Katsushika Tokyo125-8585 Japan Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Department of Applied Mathematics Kyoto University Yoshidahonmachi Sakyo Kyoto606-8501 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113906

Recommender systems are beneficial to both service providers and users, as they offer item recommendations to individual users based on their preferences. However, the recommender systems present cold start problems, which refer to the fact that it is difficult to recommend new items for newly added users. Recommender systems for existing users and items have been researched vigorously. On the other hand, cold start problems have received insufficient attention. In this paper, we propose methods for recommender filtering that can be applied to address cold start problems. Our models provide simple matrix approximation methods for analyzing large volumes of unlabeled data from potential items. We use matrix factorization techniques based on a pseudo-inverse matrix for rating approximation, which enables us to make cold start recommendations by using a user-characteristic matrix, item-feature matrix, and rating matrix. The proposed models can explicitly learn user demographics and item features to overcome the cold start problems. The results of a numerical experiment show that the proposed methods outperform several baselines when tested on the MovieLens 1M dataset. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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Joint Determination of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra from U235 and Pu239 Fission by Daya Bay and PROSPECT

引用

Physical Review Letters 2022年第8期128卷 081801-081801页

作者： F. P. An M. Andriamirado A. B. Balantekin H. R. Band C. D. Bass D. E. Bergeron D. Berish M. Bishai S. Blyth N. S. Bowden C. D. Bryan G. F. Cao J. Cao J. F. Chang Y. Chang H. S. Chen S. M. Chen Y. Chen Y. X. Chen J. Cheng Z. K. Cheng J. J. Cherwinka M. C. Chu T. Classen A. J. Conant J. P. Cummings O. Dalager G. Deichert A. Delgado F. S. Deng Y. Y. Ding M. V. Diwan T. Dohnal M. J. Dolinski D. Dolzhikov J. Dove M. Dvořák D. A. Dwyer A. Erickson B. T. Foust J. K. Gaison A. Galindo-Uribarri J. P. Gallo C. E. Gilbert M. Gonchar G. H. Gong H. Gong M. Grassi W. Q. Gu J. Y. Guo L. Guo X. H. Guo Y. H. Guo Z. Guo R. W. Hackenburg S. Hans A. B. Hansell M. He K. M. Heeger B. Heffron Y. K. Heng Y. K. Hor Y. B. Hsiung B. Z. Hu J. R. Hu T. Hu Z. J. Hu H. X. Huang J. H. Huang X. T. Huang Y. B. Huang P. Huber J. Koblanski D. E. Jaffe S. Jayakumar K. L. Jen X. L. Ji X. P. Ji R. A. Johnson D. C. Jones L. Kang S. H. Kettell S. Kohn M. Kramer O. Kyzylova C. E. Lane T. J. Langford J. LaRosa J. Lee J. H. C. Lee R. T. Lei R. Leitner J. K. C. Leung F. Li H. L. Li J. J. Li Q. J. Li R. H. Li S. Li S. C. Li W. D. Li X. N. Li X. Q. Li Y. F. Li Z. B. Li H. Liang C. J. Lin G. L. Lin S. Lin J. J. Ling J. M. Link L. Littenberg B. R. Littlejohn J. C. Liu J. L. Liu J. X. Liu C. Lu H. Q. Lu X. Lu K. B. Luk B. Z. Ma X. B. Ma X. Y. Ma Y. Q. Ma R. C. Mandujano J. Maricic C. Marshall K. T. McDonald R. D. McKeown M. P. Mendenhall Y. Meng A. M. Meyer R. Milincic P. E. Mueller H. P. Mumm J. Napolitano D. Naumov E. Naumova R. Neilson T. M. T. Nguyen J. A. Nikkel S. Nour J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux A. Olshevskiy J. L. Palomino H.-R. Pan J. Park S. Patton J. C. Peng C. S. J. Pun D. A. Pushin F. Z. Qi M. Qi X. Qian N. Raper J. Ren C. Morales Reveco R. Rosero B. Roskovec X. C. Ruan M. Searles H. Steiner J. L. Sun P. T. Surukuchi T. Tmej K. Treskov W.-H. Tse C. E. Tull M. A. Tyra R. L. Varner D. Venegas-Vargas B. Viren V. Vorobel C. H. Wang J. Wang M. Wang N. Y. Wang R. G. Wang W. Wang X. Wang Y. Wang Y. F. Wang Z. Wang Z. M. Wang P. B. Weatherly H. Y. Wei L. H. Wei L. J Institute of Modern Physics East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Wisconsin Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut Department of Physics Le Moyne College Syracuse New York National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland Department of Physics Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing National United University Miao-Li Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing Shenzhen University Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University Guangzhou North China Electric Power University Beijing Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Siena College Loudonville New York 12211 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine California 92697 Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Prague Czech Republic Department of Physics Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Moscow Region Russia Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia Beijing Normal University Beijing Department of Nuclear Science and Technology School of Energy and Power Engineering X

A joint determination of the reactor antineutrino spectra resulting from the fission of U235 and Pu239 has been carried out by the Daya Bay and PROSPECT Collaborations. This Letter reports the level of consistency of U235 spectrum measurements from the two experiments and presents new results from a joint analysis of both data sets. The measurements are found to be consistent. The combined analysis reduces the degeneracy between the dominant U235 and Pu239 isotopes and improves the uncertainty of the U235 spectral shape to about 3%. The U235 and Pu239 antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from the jointly deconvolved reactor spectra using the Wiener-SVD unfolding method, providing a data-based reference for other reactor antineutrino experiments and other applications. This is the first measurement of the U235 and Pu239 spectra based on the combination of experiments at low- and highly enriched uranium reactors.

关键词： Neutrino interactions Nuclear reactors Neutrinos Neutrino detectors

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Directional shuffled frog leaping algorithm 1st

Directional shuffled frog leaping algorithm

引用

1st International Conference on Smart Vehicular Technology, Transportation, Communication and Applications, VTCA 2017

作者： Kong, Lingping Pan, Jeng-Shyang Chu, Shu-Chuan Roddick, John F. Innovative Information Industry Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications College of Information Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology FuzhouFujian China School of Computer Science Engineering and Mathematics Flinders University Adelaide Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319707297

Shuffled frog leaping algorithm is one of the popular used optimization algorithms. This algorithm includes the local search and global search two solving modes, but in this method only the worst frog from divided group is considered for improving location. In this paper, we propose a directional shuffled frog leaping algorithm (DSFLA) by introducing the directional updating and real-time interacting concepts. A direction flag is set for a frog before moving, if the frog goes better in a certain direction, it will get better in a big probability by moving a little further along that direction. The movement counter is set for preventing the frog move forward infinite. Real-time interacting works by sharing the currently optimal positions from the other groups. There should have some similarities among the best ones, and the worst individual could be improved by using those similarities. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is a very effective method for solving test functions. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.

关键词： Swarm intelligence

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Utilization of lysed and dried bacterial biomass from the marine purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum as a sustainable nitrogen fertilizer for plant production

npj Sustainable Agriculture

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npj Sustainable Agriculture 2024年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： Shamitha Rao Morey-Yagi Dao Duy Hanh Keiji Numata Yu Kinoshita Ko Motoki Yu Iwahashi Ryohei Nakano Tetsuya Nakazaki Shota Kato Kumiko Ochiai Masaru Kobayashi Laboratory for Biomaterial Chemistry Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan Symbiobe Inc. Venture Plaza South Building Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan Biomacromolecules Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Advanced Biosciences Keio University Nipponkoku 403-1 Daihouji Tsuruoka Yamagata 997-0017 Japan Experimental farm Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kizugawa Kyoto 619-0218 Japan Plant Nutrition Laboratory Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

Plant-based agricultural systems rely heavily on inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase yields and ensure food security for the rapidly growing global population. However, the production and overuse of synthetic fertilizers lead to significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, causing a critical need for the development of alternative and sustainable organic N fertilizers. Here, we demonstrate the effective use of lysed and dried bacterial biomass from the marine purple photosynthetic bacteriumRhodovulum sulfidophilumas an alternative source of N fertilizer for the cultivation of Japanese mustard spinach (komatsuna,Brassica ***). To assess the suitability of this processed bacterial biomass, containing approximately 11% N, as a N fertilizer, we examined the effects of its application on plant germination and growth (measured by leaf chlorophyll, maximum leaf length, and dry weight) under two different temperature regimes, comparing it to that of a conventional N-containing mineral fertilizer. Application at rates up to four times that of the mineral fertilizer had no negative effects on seed germination and plant growth. The bacterial biomass had to be applied at approximately twice the rate of mineral fertilizer to obtain similar plant growth parameters, roughly corresponding to the predicted 62% rate of mineralization of the bacterial N. Our findings confirm the ability of plants to take up N from the lysed and dried biomass of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria, demonstrating the potential for usingR. sulfidophilumas a source of N fertilizer.

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The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission in Greece White Paper

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Karnesis, Nikolaos Stergioulas, Nikolaos Pappas, George Anastopoulos, Charis Antoniadis, John Apostolatos, Theocharis Basilakos, Spyros Destounis, Kyriakos Areti, Eleni Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios Gourgouliatos, Konstantinos N. Kokkotas, Kostas D. Kottaras, George Oikonomou, V.K. Papanikolaou, Theodoros Perivolaropoulos, Leandros Plionis, Manolis Saridakis, Emmanuel N. Sarris, Theodoros Vagenas, Elias C. von Klitzing, Wolf Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki54124 Greece Department of Physics University of Patras Patras26504 Greece Institute of Astrophysics Foundation for Research and Innovation - Hellas N. Plastira 100 Heraklion70013 Greece Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis Zografos Athens15783 Greece National Observatory of Athens Lofos Nymfon Athens11852 Greece Academy of Athens Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics Soranou Efesiou 4 Athens11527 Greece School of Sciences European University Cyprus Diogenes Street Engomi Nicosia1516 Cyprus Theoretical Astrophysics IAAT University of Tübingen Germany Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Boční II 1401/1a PragueCZ-141 00 Czech Republic SPACE ASICS S.A. Athens10640 Greece Department of Physics University of Ioannina Ioannina45110 Greece CERIDES Center of Excellence in Risk & Decision Sciences European University of Cyprus Cyprus Department of Astronomy School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi67132 Greece Department of Physics Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969 Safat13060 Kuwait Heraklion70013 Greece

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, scheduled for launch in the mid-2030s, is a gravitational wave space observatory designed to detect sources emitting in the millihertz band. LISA is an ESA flagship mission, currently entering the Phase B development phase. It is expected to help us improve our understanding of our Universe by measuring gravitational wave sources of different types, with some of the sources being at very high redshifts (z ∼ 20). On the 23rd of February 2022 we organized the 1st LISA in Greece Workshop. This workshop aimed to inform the Greek scientific and tech industry community about the possibilities of participating in LISA science and the LISA mission, with the support of the Hellenic Space center (HSC). In this white paper, we summarize the outcome of the workshop, the most important aspect of it being the inclusion of 15 Greek researchers to the LISA Consortium, raising our total number to 22. At the same time, we present a road-map with the future steps and actions of the Greek Gravitational Wave community with respect to the LISA mission. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Multi-scale evolution of charmed particles in a nuclear medium

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fan, W. Vujanovic, G. Bass, S.A. Majumder, A. Angerami, A. Arora, R. Cao, S. Chen, Y. Dai, T. Du, L. Ehlers, R. Elfner, H. Fries, R.J. Gale, C. He, Y. Heffernan, M. Heinz, U. Jacak, B.V. Jacobs, P.M. Jeon, S. Ji, Y. Kauder, K. Kasper, L. Ke, W. Kelsey, M. Kordell, M. Kumar, A. Latessa, J. Lee, Y.-J. Liyanage, D. Lopez, A. Luzum, M. Mak, S. Mankolli, A. Martin, C. Mehryar, H. Mengel, T. Mulligan, J. Nattrass, C. Oliinychenko, D. Paquet, J.-F. Putschke, J.H. Roland, G. Schenke, B. Schwiebert, L. Sengupta, A. Shen, C. Silva, A. Sirimanna, C. Soeder, D. Soltz, R.A. Soudi, I. Staudenmaier, J. Strickland, M. Tachibana, Y. Velkovska, J. Wang, X.-N. Wolpert, R.L. Zhao, W. Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University DetroitMI48201 United States Department of Physics University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Research Computing Group University Technology Solutions The University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics McGill University MontréalQCH3A2T8 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt64291 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94270 United States Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94270 United States Department of Statistical Science Duke University DurhamNC27708 United

Parton energy-momentum exchange with the quark gluon plasma (QGP) is a multi-scale problem. In this work, we calculate the interaction of charm quarks with the QGP within the higher twist formalism at high virtuality and high energy using the MATTER model, while the low virtuality and high energy portion is treated via a Linearized Boltzmann Transport (LBT) formalism. Coherence effect that reduces the medium-induced emission rate in the MATTER model is also taken into account through a virtuality-dependent qˆ, leaving the simultaneous dependence of qˆ on heavy quark mass and virtuality for future studies. The interplay between these two formalisms is studied phenomenologically and used to produce a first description of the D-meson and charged hadron nuclear modification factor RAA across multiple centralities. All calculations were carried out utilizing the JETSCAPE framework. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Hadrons

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Discontinuous Transitions and Rhythmic States in the D-Dimensional Kuramoto Model Induced by a Positive Feedback with the Global Order Parameter

引用

Physical Review Letters 2020年第19期125卷 194101-194101页

作者： X. Dai X. Li H. Guo D. Jia M. Perc P. Manshour Z. Wang S. Boccaletti Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China Unmanned Systems Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710072 China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian 710072 China Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor Slovenia Complexity Science Hub Vienna Josefstädterstraße 39 1080 Vienna Austria Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Physics Department Persian Gulf University Bushehr 75169 Iran CNR—Institute of Complex Systems Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University) 9 Institutskiy per. Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141701 Russian Federation

From fireflies to cardiac cells, synchronization governs important aspects of nature, and the Kuramoto model is the staple for research in this area. We show that generalizing the model to oscillators of dimensions higher than 2 and introducing a positive feedback mechanism between the coupling and the global order parameter leads to a rich and novel scenario: the synchronization transition is explosive at all even dimensions, whilst it is mediated by a time-dependent, rhythmic, state at all odd dimensions. Such a latter circumstance, in particular, differs from all other time-dependent states observed so far in the model. We provide the analytic description of this novel state, which is fully corroborated by numerical calculations. Our results can, therefore, help untangle secrets of observed time-dependent swarming and flocking dynamics that unfold in three dimensions, and where this novel state could thus provide a fresh perspective for as yet not understood formations.

关键词： Patterns in complex systems Synchronization

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A scheme for finding and blocking black hole nodes in mobile ad hoc networks

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International Journal of Network Security 2019年第6期21卷 1021-1030页

作者： Zardari, Zulfiqar Ali He, Jingsha Zhu, Nafei Pathan, Muhammad Salman Memon, Muhammad Qasim Hussain, Muhammad Iftikhar He, Peng Chang, Chengyue Faculty of Information Technology Beijing Engineering Research Center for IoT Software and Systems Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China College of Computer and Information Science China Three Gorges University China Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education Beijing Normal University China Machinery Industry Information Center Beijing100823 China

Security of wireless nodes are a major concern in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In this paper, we propose a scheme for detecting and blocking malicious nodes in MANETs. Our proposed scheme relies on specially deployed nodes called FBS nodes to continuously monitor the behaviour of the network nodes. When an FBS node detects a node that exhibits suspicious behaviour, it declares that node as a black hole node. Afterwards, all data and control messages from that node will be discarded. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of packets dropped by malicious nodes with a low false positive rate. © 2019 Femto Technique Co., Ltd.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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