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International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

作者： Angelo Trotta Federico Montori Giacomo Vallasciani Luciano Bononi Marco Di Felice Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems "Ercole De Castro" University of Bologna Italy

Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices with inertial sensors can enable personalized and fine-grained Human Activity Recognition (HAR). While activity classification on the Extreme Edge (EE) can reduce latency and maximize user privacy, it must tackle the unique challenges posed by the constrained environment. Indeed, Deep Learning (DL) techniques may not be applicable, and data processing can become burdensome due to the lack of input systems. In this paper, we address those issues by proposing, implementing, and validating an EE-aware HAR system. Our system incorporates a feature selection mechanism to reduce the data dimensionality in input, and an unsupervised feature separation and classification technique based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). We developed the system on an M5Stack IoT prototype board and implemented a new SOM library for the Arduino SDK. Experimental results on two HAR datasets show that our proposed solution is able to overcome other unsupervised approaches and achieve performance close to state-of-art DL techniques while generating a model small enough to fit the limited memory capabilities of EE devices.

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Designing a Hybrid Push-Pull Architecture for Mobile Crowdsensing using the Web of Things

Designing a Hybrid Push-Pull Architecture for Mobile Crowdse...

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International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

作者： Luca Sciullo Federico Montori Ivan Zyrianoff Lorenzo Gigli Davide Tinti Marco Di Felice Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems "Ercole De Castro" University of Bologna Italy

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is an emerging paradigm that leverages the pervasive presence of mobile devices to collect and analyze data from the environment. However, the choice of a push- or pull-based architecture for MCS can result in a loss of flexibility and limitations for the creators of the campaigns (crowdsourcers). To address this issue, we propose a hybrid push-pull architecture for MCS campaigns that leverages the W3C Web of Things (WoT) to standardize the interfaces and interactions of devices through well-consolidated Web technologies. Furthermore, we present the design and implementation of a WoT-enabled Android application for MCS. We evaluate our proposal through simulations in a vehicular scenario based on a real dataset, showing that the hybrid architecture provides greater flexibility to crowdsourcers, supporting simultaneously the push and pull paradigms.

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Soft,full Wheatstone bridge 3D pressure sensors for cardiovascular monitoring

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 910-917页

作者： Yoonseok Park Haiwen Luan Kyeongha Kwon Ted S.Chung Seyong Oh Jae-Young Yoo Gooyoon Chung Junha Kim Suhyeon Kim Sung Soo Kwak Junhwan Choi Hoang-Phuong Phan Seonggwang Yoo Hyoyoung Jeong Jaeho Shin Sang Min Won Hong-Joon Yoon Yei Hwan Jung John A.Rogers Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science&Technology(BK21 Four)Kyung Hee UniversityYongin-siGyeonggi-do 17104Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Division of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University ERICAAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Biomedical Research Division Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Dankook UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 16890Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University EvanstonEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnamsiGyeonggi-do 13120Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Biomedical EngineeringNeurological SurgeryChemistryMechanical EngineeringElectrical Engineering and Computer Science Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical SchoolCenter for Bio-Integrated ElectronicsNorthwestern University EvanstonEvanstonIL 60208USA

Variations in parameters associated with the ambient environment can introduce noise in soft,body-worn *** example,many piezoresistive pressure sensors exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to fluctuations in temperature,thereby requiring active compensation *** research presented here addresses this challenge with a multilayered 3D microsystem design that integrates four piezoresistive sensors in a full-Wheatstone bridge *** optimized layout of the sensors relative to the neutral mechanical plane leads to both an insensitivity to temperature and an increased sensitivity to pressure,relative to previously reported devices that rely on similar operating *** this 3D pressure sensor into a soft,flexible electronics platform yields a system capable of real-time,wireless measurements from the surface of the *** above the radial and carotid arteries yields high-quality waveforms associated with pulsatile blood flow,with quantitative correlations to blood *** results establish the materials and engineering aspects of a technology with broad potential in remote health monitoring.

关键词： Wheat bridge thereby

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Anomaly Detection in Satellite Videos Using Diffusion Models

Anomaly Detection in Satellite Videos Using Diffusion Models

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IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing

作者： Akash Awasthi Son T. Ly Jaer Nizam Videet Mehta Safwan Ahmad Ramakrishna Nemani Saurabh Prasad Hien Van Nguyen Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston USA Computer Science University of Houston Houston USA Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Advanced Supercomputing Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350387254

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387261

Detecting anomalies in videos is a fundamental challenge in machine learning, particularly for applications like disaster management. Leveraging satellite data, with its high frequency and wide coverage, proves invaluable for promptly identifying extreme events such as wildfires, cyclones, or floods. Geostationary satellites, providing data streams at frequent intervals, effectively create a continuous video feed of Earth from space. This study focuses on detecting anomalies, specifically wildfires and smoke, in these high-frequency satellite videos. In contrast to prior endeavors in anomaly detection within surveillance videos, this study introduces a system tailored for high-frequency satellite videos, placing particular emphasis on two anomalies. Unlike the majority of existing Convolution Neural Network-based methods for wildfire detection that rely on labeled images or videos, our unsupervised approach addresses the challenges posed by high-frequency satellite videos with a high intensity of clouds. These Convolution Neural Network-based methods can only identify fires once they have reached a certain size and are susceptible to false positives. We frame the challenge of wildfire detection as a general anomaly detection problem. Introducing an innovative unsupervised approach involving diffusion models, which are state-of-the-art generative models for anomaly detection in satellite videos, we adopt a “generating-to-detecting” strategy. Performance evaluation, measured through AUC-ROC, underscores the superior efficacy of the diffusion model over CNN and Generative Adversarial Networks-based methods in detecting anomalies in these high-frequency satellite videos characterized by a high intensity of clouds. The dataset utilized can be accessed at this location.

关键词： Satellites Wildfires Convolution Clouds Surveillance Streaming media Diffusion models Anomaly detection Streams Videos

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Streaming quantum state purification for general mixed states

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Grier, Daniel Leung, Debbie Li, Zhi Pashayan, Hakop Schaeffer, Luke Department of Mathematics Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego United States Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Canada National Research Council of Canada Canada Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Germany Research Institute Taiwan Department of Computer Science Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland United States

Given multiple copies of a mixed quantum state with an unknown, nondegenerate principal eigenspace, quantum state purification is the task of recovering a quantum state that is closer to the principal eigenstate. A streaming protocol relying on recursive swap tests has been proposed and analysed for noisy depolarized states with arbitrary dimension and noise level. Here, we show that the same algorithm applies much more broadly, enabling the purification of arbitrary mixed states with a nondegenerate principal eigenvalue. We demonstrate this through two approaches. In the first approach, we show that, given the largest two eigenvalues, the depolarized noise is the most difficult noise to purify for the recursive swap tests, thus the desirable bounds on performance and cost follow from prior work. In the second approach, we provide a new and direct analysis for the performance of purification using recursive swap tests for the more general noise. We also derive simple lower bounds on the sample complexity, showing that the recursive swap test algorithm attains optimal sample complexity (up to a constant factor) in the low-noise regime. © 2025, CC BY.

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Toward parallel intelligence: An interdisciplinary solution for complex systems

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 152-164页

作者： Yong Zhao Zhengqiu Zhu Bin Chen Sihang Qiu Jincai Huang Xin Lu Weiyi Yang Chuan Ai Kuihua Huang Cheng He Yucheng Jin Zhong Liu Fei-Yue Wang College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hunan Institute of Advanced Technology Changsha 410073China Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Shanghai 200032China Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum Minchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH)NeuherbergGermany Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The growing complexity of real-world systems necessitates interdisciplinary solutions to confront myriad challenges in modeling,analysis,management,and *** meet these demands,the parallel systems method rooted in the artificial systems,computational experiments,and parallel execution(ACP)approach has been *** method cultivates a cycle termed parallel intelligence,which iteratively creates data,acquires knowledge,and refines the actual *** the past two decades,the parallel systems method has continuously woven advanced knowledge and technologies from various disciplines,offering vers atile interdisciplinary solutions for complex systems across diverse *** review explores the origins and fundamental concepts of the parallel systems method,showcasing its accomplishments as a diverse array of parallel technologies and applica-tions while also prognosticating potential *** posit that this method will considerably augment sustainable development while enhancing interdisciplinary communication and cooperation.

关键词： execution artificial offering

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An MCS Navigation System Based on Road Surface Quality for Bicycle Riders

An MCS Navigation System Based on Road Surface Quality for B...

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International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

作者： Federico Montori Rocco Pastore Luca Sciullo Luciano Bononi Luca Bedogni Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems “Ercole De Castro” University of Bologna Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350349948

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349955

Road surface quality is a major concern for bicycle riders and plays an important role in the mobility infrastructure. In the era where smarter cities aim to increase the well-being of citizens and the efficiency of infrastructures, navigation systems relying on Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) are mostly designed for car drivers, and account for road traffic conditions. To cover the gap, in this paper, we propose a full architectural pipeline of an MCS-based navigation system for bicycle riders that accounts for the road surface quality. The MCS paradigm leverages the sensor data produced by the personal devices of participating citizens to describe phenomena of common interest. Our system classifies road segments using inertial sensor data gathered by users, using a combination of supervised and unsupervised methods, as human labeling in this context is impractical and too subjective. We prove the efficacy of our method in a controlled environment, and then we implement and deploy the full system in a real city, finally reporting on its results.

关键词： Navigation Roads Urban areas Pipelines Bicycles Road traffic Planning

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An Over the Air Software Update System for IoT Microcontrollers based on WebAssembly

An Over the Air Software Update System for IoT Microcontroll...

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International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor systems (DCOSS)

作者： Ivan Zyrianoff Luca Sciullo Lorenzo Gigli Angelo Trotta Carlos Kamienski Marco Di Felice Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems "Ercole De Castro" University of Bologna Italy Federal University of ABC (UFABC) Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350369441

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369458

In recent years, the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has been remarkable, characterized by integrating tasks across multiple devices, forming the so-called edge-cloud continuum. The ability to reconfigure the software behavior over all nodes of the continuum has become crucial to support applications with varying demands. However, located at the extreme edge of IoT deployments, IoT microcontrollers often have static behaviors. Although Over the Air (OTA) methodologies are widely supported by most devices, the reconfiguration process may involve potentially inefficient and hazardous updates of the entire firmware. In response, this paper proposes an OTA software update system for IoT microcontrollers leveraging portable WebAssembly (WASM) code. By separating the application logic from the rest of the firmware, our system ensures heterogeneity, safety, efficiency, and reliability. Furthermore, we propose an update procedure based on different network protocols (MQTT and HTTP) to facilitate dealing with groups of IoT microcontrollers in a single action. We implemented a Configuration and Administration Toolkit (CAT) to evaluate our proposal and conducted a comprehensive performance analysis using a small-scale IoT testbed. Our findings demonstrate that while the WASM logic updates notably outperform those of the entire firmware, achieving a 30x delay reduction, they incur a performance overhead that is lower than MicroPython when compared to native C++ development.

关键词： Microcontrollers Software Software reliability Safety Performance analysis Internet of Things Logic

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Anisotropy of two-dimensional ReS_(2)and advances in its device application

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Rare Metals 2021年第12期40卷 3357-3374页

作者： Ya-Di Cao Ying-Hui Sun Su-Fei Shi Rong-Ming Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface ScienceSchool of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have attracted growing interest regarding their potential applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic *** to their atomic thickness and tunable bandgap,they exhibit unique mechanical,electrical,and optical *** a specific member of the TMDC family,rhenium disulfide(ReS_(2))has stimulated intensive interest due to its anisotropic crystal structure,weak inter-layer coupling,and anisotropic electrical and optical *** this review,we summarize the distinct crystal structure and intrinsic anisotropic properties of ReS_(2),followed by an introduction to its synthesis *** current applications of ReS_(2)and its heterojunctions are presented based on its anisotropic *** review not only provides a timely summary of the current applications of ReS_(2)and its heterojunctions,but also inspires new approaches to develop other innovative devices based on 2D materials with a low lattice symmetry.

关键词： Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) Rhenium disulfide Anisotropic property Heterojunction Functional device

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Evaluation of Trade-Off Between Compression Ratio and Hardware Cost for Adaptive Bandwidth Compression Hardware Platform

Evaluation of Trade-Off Between Compression Ratio and Hardwa...

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IEEE Cool Chips

作者： Tomohiro Ueno Kaito Kitazume Masato Kiyama Kazutomo Yoshii Kento Sato Norihisa Fujita Ryohei Kobayashi Taisuke Boku Kentaro Sano Center for Computational Science Riken Kobe Japan Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan Mathematics and Computer Science Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Supercomputing Research Center Institute of Integrated Research Institute of Science Tokyo Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331534844

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534851

Hardware-based, high-throughput data compression is a promising approach to reduce data movement costs in largescale systems and networks, thereby improving overall performance and power efficiency. However, since a data compression algorithm is only effective if it is suitable for the characteristics of the target data, data compression hardware with a fixed algorithm is unrealistic for use in general-purpose environments. To address this challenge, we have been researching adaptive bandwidth compression (ABC) hardware that flexibly provides an effective algorithm depending on the input data. This paper presents the design and the Chisel-based implementation of the ABC hardware platform for encoding compressed data and generating output blocks, as well as introducing a quantization parameter to reduce the circuit area. Our evaluation shows that the proposed quantization parameter can not only reduce the hardware cost, but also control the trade-off between the effective compression ratio and the hardware cost. In addition, based on the evaluation results, we discuss the design optimization of the ABC hardware platform.

关键词： Performance evaluation Costs Quantization (signal) Data compression Bandwidth Hardware Space exploration Resource management Compression algorithms Field programmable gate arrays

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