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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Bingyi Geromel, René Su, Zhaoxian Guo, Kai Wang, Yongtian Guo, Zhongyi Huang, Lingling Zentgraf, Thomas School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Department of Physics Paderborn University Paderborn33098 Germany School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems Paderborn University Paderborn33098 Germany

In this work, we utilize thin dielectric meta-atoms placed on a silver substrate to efficiently enhance and manipulate the third harmonic generation. We theoretically and experimentally reveal that when the structural symmetry of the meta-atom is incompatible with the lattice symmetry of an array, some generalized nonlinear geometric phases appear, which offers new possibilities for harmonic generation control beyond the accessible symmetries governed by the selection rule. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the modified rotation of the effective principal axis of a dense meta-atom array, where the strong coupling among the units gives rise to a generalized linear geometric phase modulation on the pump light. Therefore, nonlinear geometric phases carried by the third-harmonic emissions are the natural result of the wave-mixing process among the modes excited at the fundamental frequency. This mechanism further points out a new strategy to predict the nonlinear geometric phases delivered by the nanostructures according to their linear responses. Our design is simple and efficient, and offers alternatives for the nonlinear meta-devices that are capable of flexible photon generation and manipulation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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Fish-Gill-Inspired Underwater Self-Breathing Zinc-Air Batteries

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Meng, Fancheng Chen, Peng Li, Shulin Cao, Na Han, Feizi Cheng, Sheng Wei, Xiangfeng Di, Jiangtao Liu, Jiehua School of Materials Science and Engineering Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Anhui Hefei230009 China Instrumental Analysis Centre Hefei University of Technology Anhui Hefei230009 China Advanced Materials Division Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou215123 China

Compared with the blooming development of lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have the advantages of safety and high energy density. However, they are currently limited in the underwater applications because of the low-content oxygen environment. Herein, inspired by fish gills, we demonstrate the construction of a self-breathing ZAB, which can absorb the dissolved oxygen in the water and perform well for oxygen-electricity conversion. The ZAB with CoFe2-1-NC catalyst and large-window cathode continues to discharge in the underwater environment for 68.6 hours via self-breathing owing to the rational structural designing, and the optimization of catalyst and gas diffusion layer. The underwater ZAB also surpasses the function of fish gills in that it can perform well in the air, and release a high capacity of 740 mAh g-1 and a high-power density of 320 mW cm-2. Long-term cycling test shows that the ZAB is capable of stable charging-discharging with a negligible potential difference. The present work demonstrates a new concept for the breathable underwater metal-air batteries. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Related to Program Code Composition Based on Tracking System Activities

Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Relat...

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International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Aulia Akhrian Syahidi Ahmad Afif Supianto Tsukasa Hirashima Yutaka Watanobe Smart City Information System Applied Undergraduate Program Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin Banjarmasin City Indonesia Research Center for Data and Information Sciences National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Bandung City Indonesia Learning Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Division of Information Systems University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu City Fukushima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345728

Learning activities are an indicator of the learner's desire to learn during the learning process. The pattern of learner action is related to learning activities. In this case, in extracting the learning process, it is necessary to collect a lot of data through analysis of the learning process. The purpose of this study is to recommend and report the performance of an activity tracking system equipped with visual artifacts as an educational data mining approach to analyze action patterns when learners complete the arrangement of program code lines in each programming problem. In this study, data were taken from activity recordings when learners used interactive learning media for a basic programming subject called TOLSYASUPI-EduMed which had problem-solving learning models embedded in their interactions. Learning Analytics is used as a method of this research and data relationships from learner actions during the learning process using the “if-then” rule. Log data is used for recording and detecting activities carried out by learners. We confirm that the results of the study are based on the findings of the data relationship that if the lines of program code are too long (more than five lines) then almost all learners experience a bottleneck condition. The completion time of each question and the number of iterations in completing the program code lines for each question have also been recorded and have a pattern of connection between the data. The information that has been obtained is then forwarded to teachers or stakeholders as key information to make appropriate feedback to learners based on the results as a means of analyzing and evaluating the programming learning process.

关键词： Visualization Codes Media Data models Recording Data mining Problem-solving

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Voltage-insensitive stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions with double free layers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ota, Rikuto Kobayashi, Keito Hayakawa, Keisuke Kanai, Shun Çamsarı, Kerem Y. Ohno, Hideo Fukami, Shunsuke Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai980-0845 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi332-0012 Japan Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Takasaki370-1207 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems Tohoku University Sendai980-0845 Japan Inamori Research Institute for Science Kyoto600-8411 Japan

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (s-MTJ) is a promising component of probabilistic bit (p-bit), which plays a pivotal role in probabilistic computers. For a standard cell structure of the p-bit, s-MTJ is desired to be insensitive to voltage across the junction over several hundred millivolts. In conventional s-MTJs with a reference layer having a fixed magnetization direction, however, the stochastic output significantly varies with the voltage due to spin-transfer torque (STT) acting on the stochastic free layer. In this work, we study a s-MTJ with a "double-free-layer" design theoretically proposed earlier, in which the fixed reference layer of the conventional structure is replaced by another stochastic free layer, effectively mitigating the influence of STT on the stochastic output. We show that the key device property characterized by the ratio of relaxation times between the high- and low-resistance states is one to two orders of magnitude less sensitive to bias voltage variations compared to conventional s-MTJs when the top and bottom free layers are designed to possess the same effective thickness. This work opens a pathway for reliable, nanosecond-operation, high-output, and scalable spintronics-based p-bits. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Tunnel junctions

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Psychometrics for Hypnopaedia-Aware Machinery via Chaotic Projection of Artificial Mental Imagery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chang, Ching-Chun Gao, Kai Xu, Shuying Kordoni, Anastasia Leckie, Christopher Echizen, Isao National Institute of Informatics Chiyoda Tokyo Japan The Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan The Department of Psychology Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom The Department of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia The Information and Society Research Division National Institute of Informatics The Department of Informatics Graduate University for Advanced Studies The Department of Information and Communication Engineering University of Tokyo Chiyoda Tokyo Japan

Neural backdoors represent insidious cybersecurity loopholes that render learning machinery vulnerable to unauthorised manipulations, potentially enabling the weaponisation of artificial intelligence with catastrophic consequences. A backdoor attack involves the clandestine infiltration of a trigger during the learning process, metaphorically analogous to hypnopaedia, where ideas are implanted into a subject's subconscious mind under the state of hypnosis or unconsciousness. When activated by a sensory stimulus, the trigger evokes conditioned reflex that directs a machine to mount a predetermined response. In this study, we propose a cybernetic framework for constant surveillance of backdoors threats, driven by the dynamic nature of untrustworthy data sources. We develop a self-aware unlearning mechanism to autonomously detach a machine's behaviour from the backdoor trigger. Through reverse engineering and statistical inference, we detect deceptive patterns and estimate the likelihood of backdoor infection. We employ model inversion to elicit artificial mental imagery, using stochastic processes to disrupt optimisation pathways and avoid convergent but potentially flawed patterns. This is followed by hypothesis analysis, which estimates the likelihood of each potentially malicious pattern being the true trigger and infers the probability of infection. The primary objective of this study is to maintain a stable state of equilibrium between knowledge fidelity and backdoor vulnerability. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Reverse engineering

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Order-Disorder Transitions in (CaxSr1−x)3Rh4Sn13

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第9期128卷 095701-095701页

作者： Puspa Upreti Matthew Krogstad Charlotte Haley Mihai Anitescu Vishwas Rao Lekh Poudel Omar Chmaissem Stephan Rosenkranz Raymond Osborn Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois 60115 USA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899-6102 USA

The classification of structural phase transitions as displacive or order-disorder in character is usually based on spectroscopic data above the transition. We use single crystal x-ray diffraction to investigate structural correlations in the quasiskutterudites, (CaxSr1−x)3Rh4Sn13, which have a quantum phase transition at x∼0.9. Three-dimensional pair distribution functions show that the amplitudes of local atomic displacements are temperature independent below the transition and persist to well above the transition, a signature of order-disorder behavior. The implications for the associated electronic transitions are discussed.

关键词： Charge density waves Critical phenomena Structural order parameter X-ray diffuse scattering X-ray pair-distribution function analysis

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Order-Disorder Transitions in (CaxSr1−x)3Rh4Sn13

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Upreti, Puspa Krogstad, Matthew Haley, Charlotte Anitescu, Mihai Rao, Vishwas Poudel, Lekh Chmaissem, Omar Rosenkranz, Stephan Osborn, Raymond Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory United States Department of Physics Northern Illinois University United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland United States NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology

The classification of structural phase transitions as displacive or order-disorder in character is usually based on spectroscopic data above the transition. We use single crystal x-ray diffraction to investigate structural correlations in the quasi-skutterudites, (CaxSr1−x)3Rh4Sn13, which have a quantum phase transition at x ∼ 0.9. Three-dimensional pair distribution functions show that the amplitudes of local atomic displacements are temperature-independent below the transition and persist to well above the transition, a signature of order-disorder behavior. The implications for the associated electronic transitions are discussed. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distribution functions

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Chinese Named Entity Recognition in Industry Domain Based on Lexical Enhancement

Chinese Named Entity Recognition in Industry Domain Based on...

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Cyber science and Technology Congress (CyberSciTech), IEEE

作者： Jingxin Zhao Zhenxing Ni Cuilan Liu Jiadong Ren Caiyun Liu Yuqing Zhang Institute of Applied Mathematics Hebei Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China HBIS Group Co. Ltd. Shijiazhuang China Guangzhou Research Institute Xidian University Guangzhou China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing China National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798331532093

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532109

Named entity recognition is the premise of realizing information extraction and information retrieval in industrial domain, and it is also the basic means of realizing industrial data security management. As an important basic industry in the industrial field, the steel field has huge data, complex text semantics and numerous proprietary terms, so it is difficult to identify named entities in steel domain because of the complex semantics of the text and the variety of proper nouns. In order to improve the performance of named entity recognition in steel domain, a named entity recognition dataset of steel and a MacBERT-FLAT-CRF model based on lexical enhancement are constructed. The results show that, compared with other NER models, this model has a good effect on the self-built named entity recognition dataset, which effectively improves the recognition effect of named entities in the steel field and improves the problems of insufficient use of vocabulary information and lack of data in the steel field.

关键词： Industries Deep learning Vocabulary Annotations Data security Semantics Named entity recognition Data augmentation Data models Steel

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ANTARCTICA AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2024年第8期105卷 S331-S370页

作者： Clem, K. R. Raphael, M. N. School of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Department of Geography University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Earth Science and Observation Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (ESOC/CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Department of Meteorology University of Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2 Santiago Chile British Antarctic Survey Cambridge United Kingdom Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Centre for Ocean River Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL) Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) DeBilt The Netherlands Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Auckland New Zealand Department of Geography Ohio University Athens Ohio NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Marine Systems Modelling National Oceanography Center Southampton United Kingdom Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin Department of Geography Pennsylvania Sta

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Evaluation of Hydrogen Ions Flowing through Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell Using Ytterbium-Doped Barium Zirconate as electrolyte

Evaluation of Hydrogen Ions Flowing through Protonic Ceramic...

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243rd ECS Meeting

作者： Okuyama, Yuji Harada, Yoshiaki Mikami, Yuichi Yamauchi, Kosuke Kuroha, Tomohiro Shimada, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Yuki Mizutani, Yasunobu Research Center for Sustainable Energy & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi Miyazaki889-2192 Japan Department of Environmental Robotics Mechanical Systems and Informatics Course Graduate School of Engineering University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi Miyazaki889-2192 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi Miyazaki889-2192 Japan Technology Division Panasonic Holdings Corporation 3-1-1 Yagumo-naka-machi Osaka Moriguchi City570-8501 Japan Innovative Functional Materials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 4-205 Sakurazaka Moriyama-ku Aichi Nagoya463-8560 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781607685395

To measure the proton current in a PCFC (protonic ceramic fuel cell), the proton current detector was developed using a proton conducting oxide. The amount of proton current that flowed in the PCFC can be measured by an apparatus developed based on the electromotive force of an electrochemical cell using 10 mol% In-doped CaZrO3 (hydrogen sensor) and Y-stabilized zirconia (oxygen sensor). The water vapor pressure on the cathode changed when hydrogen ions pass through the PCFC. The hydrogen ion current can be determined by monitoring the water vapor pressure. The electronic leakage was then estimated from the hydrogen ion current and external current. We measured the current of hydrogen flowing through protonic ceramic fuel cell using ytterbium-doped barium zirconate as the electrolyte. Hydrogen ions and holes were found to leak under the OCV at 700°C. The electronic leakage was found to be suppressed with the increasing electrolyte film thickness. On the other hand, no leakage of hydrogen and holes was observed at 500°C. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Ions

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