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Comparative studies of the sensitivities of sparse and full geometries of Total-Body PET scanners built from crystals and plastic scintillators

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dadgar, Meysam Parzych, Szymon Baran, Jakub Chug, Neha Curceanu, Catalina Czerwiński, Eryk Dulski, Kamil Elyan, Kavya Gajos, Aleksander Hiesmayr, Beatrix C. Kaplon, Lukasz Klimaszewski, Konrad Konieczka, Pawel Korcyl, Grzegorz Kozik, Tomasz Krzemień, Wojciech Kumar, Deepak Niedźwiecki, Szymon Panek, Domonik del Rio, Eleną Perez Raczyński, Lech Sharma, Sushil Shivani Shopa, Roman Y. Skurzok, Magdalena Stępień, Ewa L. Ardebili, Faranak Tayefi Ardebili, Keyvan Tayefi Vandenberghe, Stefaan Wiślicki, Wojciech Moskal, Pawel Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Poland Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Theranostics Center Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati Italy Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Complex Systems National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk Poland High Energy Physics Division National Centre for Nuclear Research Otwock-Swierk Poland Department of Electronics and Information Systems MEDISIP Ghent University-IBiTech Gent Belgium

Background: Alongside the benefits of Total-Body imaging modalities, such as higher sensitivity, single-bed position, low dose imaging, etc., their final construction cost prevents worldwide utilization. The main aim of this study is to present a simulation-based comparison of the sensitivities of existing and currently developed tomographs to introduce a cost-efficient solution for constructing a Total-Body PET scanner based on plastic scintillators. Methods: For the case of this study, eight tomographs based on the uEXPLORER configuration with different scintillator materials (BGO, LYSO), axial field-of-view (97.4 cm and 194.8 cm), and detector configuration (full and sparse) were simulated. In addition, 8 J-PET scanners with different configurations, such as various axial field-of-view (200 cm and 250 cm), the different cross-sections of plastic scintillator, and the multiple numbers of the plastic scintillator layers (2, 3, and 4), based on J-PET technology have been simulated by GATE software. Furthermore, Biograph Vision has been simulated to compare the results with standard PET scans. Two types of simulations have been performed. The first one with a centrally located source with a diameter of 1mm and a length of 250 cm, and the second one with the same source inside a water-filled cylindrical phantom with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 183 cm. Results: With regards to sensitivity, among all the proposed scanners, the ones constructed with BGO crystals give the best performance (∼ 350 cps/kBq at the center). The utilization of sparse geometry or LYSO crystals significantly lowers the achievable sensitivity of such systems. The J-PET design gives a similar sensitivity to the sparse LYSO crystal-based detectors while having full detector coverage over the body. Moreover, it provides uniform sensitivity over the body with additional gain on its sides and provides the possibility for high-quality brain imaging. Conclusion: Taking into account not only the s

关键词： Ionization

EZCalm:A User Emotion Regulation System by Immersive Music Based on Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2019年第1期28卷 67-74页

作者： Yajie Xu Lu Wang Yulin Wang Jiyue Hu Peng Shao Yijia Ma Xiangxu Meng School of Computer Science and Technology Software CollegeShandong University Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology Ministry of Education High School Attached to Shandong Normal University Shandong Experimental High School Shandong University of Finance and Economics

Nowadays,many companies hire professional trainers to keep their employees emotionally *** addition,more and more people are visiting psychological doctors to adjust their emotion,in order to treat mental illness or gain sense of *** kinds of people mentioned above want to adjust emotions in an effective ***,a simple and effective household pattern of emotion adjustment is particularly important for people to use in common *** such a pattern,an emotion regulation pattern combined with Plutchiks' wheel of emotions is proposed for emotion *** order to enhance the effectiveness of emotion adjustment from both the vision channel and the hearing channel,we adjust the user's emotion by visualizing music on a Helmet mounted display(HMD)*** demonstrate that the proposed system can calm down participants e'motions effectively.

关键词： emotion reducing stress e-health

Unlocking the Potential of Digital Pathology: Novel Baselines for Compression

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fischer, Maximilian Neher, Peter Schuffler, Peter Ziegler, Sebastian Xiao, Shuhan Peretzke, Robin Clunie, David Ulrich, Constantin Baumgartner, Michael Muckenhuber, Alexander Almeida, Silvia Dias Gotz, Michael Kleesiek, Jens Nolden, Marco Braren, Rickmer Maier-Hein, Klaus Heidelberg Germany Partner site Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Clinic of Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology Section Experimental Radiology Ulm University Medical Centre Ulm Germany Institute of Pathology TUM School of Medicine and Health Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Partner site Essen Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Research Campus M2OLIE Mannheim Germany PixelMed Publishing BangorPA United States Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center Germany

Digital pathology offers a groundbreaking opportunity to transform clinical practice in histopathological image analysis, yet faces a significant hurdle: the substantial file sizes of pathological Whole Slide Images (WSI). While current digital pathology solutions rely on lossy JPEG compression to address this issue, lossy compression can introduce color and texture disparities, potentially impacting clinical decision-making. While prior research addresses perceptual image quality and downstream performance independently of each other, we jointly evaluate compression schemes for perceptual and downstream task quality on four different datasets. In addition, we collect an initially uncompressed dataset for an unbiased perceptual evaluation of compression schemes. Our results show that deep learning models fine-tuned for perceptual quality outperform conventional compression schemes like JPEG-XL or WebP for further compression of WSI. However, they exhibit a significant bias towards the compression artifacts present in the training data and struggle to generalize across various compression schemes. We introduce a novel evaluation metric based on feature similarity between original files and compressed files that aligns very well with the actual downstream performance on the compressed WSI. Our metric allows for a general and standardized evaluation of lossy compression schemes and mitigates the requirement to independently assess different downstream tasks. Our study provides novel insights for the assessment of lossy compression schemes for WSI and encourages a unified evaluation of lossy compression schemes to accelerate the clinical uptake of digital pathology. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image compression

Unlocking the potential of digital pathology: Novel baselines for compression

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Journal of Pathology Informatics 2025年 17卷 100421-100421页

作者： Fischer, Maximilian Neher, Peter Schüffler, Peter Ziegler, Sebastian Xiao, Shuhan Peretzke, Robin Clunie, David Ulrich, Constantin Baumgartner, Michael Muckenhuber, Alexander Almeida, Silvia Dias Gőtz, Michael Kleesiek, Jens Nolden, Marco Braren, Rickmer Maier-Hein, Klaus Institute Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Clinic of Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology Section Experimental Radiology Ulm University Medical Centre Ulm Germany Institute of Pathology TUM School of Medicine and Health Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM) University Medicine Essen Essen Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen Essen Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Research Campus M2OLIE Mannheim Germany PixelMed Publishing Bangor PA United States Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center Helmholtz Germany

Digital pathology offers a groundbreaking opportunity to transform clinical practice in histopathological image analysis, yet faces a significant hurdle: the substantial file sizes of pathological whole slide images (WSIs). Whereas current digital pathology solutions rely on lossy JPEG compression to address this issue, lossy compression can introduce color and texture disparities, potentially impacting clinical decision-making. Whereas prior research addresses perceptual image quality and downstream performance independently of each other, we jointly evaluate compression schemes for perceptual and downstream task quality on four different datasets. In addition, we collect an initially uncompressed dataset for an unbiased perceptual evaluation of compression schemes. Our results show that deep learning models fine-tuned for perceptual quality outperform conventional compression schemes like JPEG-XL or WebP for further compression of WSI. However, they exhibit a significant bias towards the compression artifacts present in the training data and struggle to generalize across various compression schemes. We introduce a novel evaluation metric based on feature similarity between original files and compressed files that aligns very well with the actual downstream performance on the compressed WSI. Our metric allows for a general and standardized evaluation of lossy compression schemes and mitigates the requirement to independently assess different downstream tasks. Our study provides novel insights for the assessment of lossy compression schemes for WSI and encourages a unified evaluation of lossy compression schemes to accelerate the clinical uptake of digital pathology. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Feature similarity Lossy compression Whole slide images

Bioelectrical brain activity can predict prosocial behavior

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kunavin, Mikhail A. Kozitsina, Tatiana S. Myagkov, Mikhail G. Kozhevnikova, Irina S. Pankov, Mikhail N. Sokolova, Ludmila V. Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology National Research University 9 Institutskiy per. Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141701 Russia Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow119333 Russia Laboratory of Experimental Methods in Cognitive and Social Sciences Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Department of Political Science University of Oregon EugeneOR United States Federal University Arkhangelsk Russia

Generally, people behave in social dilemmas such as proself and prosocial. However, inside social groups, people have a tendency to choose prosocial alternatives due to in-group favoritism. The bioelectrical activity of the human brain shows the differences between proself and prosocial exist even out of a socialized group. Moreover, a group socialization strengthens these differences. We used EEG System, "Neuron-Spectrum-4/EPM" (16 channels), to track the brain bioelectrical activity during decision making in laboratory experiments with the Prisoner's dilemma game and the short-term socialization stage. We compared the spatial distribution of the spectral density during the different experimental parts. The noncooperative decision was characterized by the increased values of spectral the beta rhythm in the orbital regions of prefrontal cortex. The cooperative choice, on the contrary, was accompanied by the theta-rhythm activation in the central cortex regions in both hemispheres and the high-frequency alpha rhythm in the medial regions of the prefrontal cortex. People who increased the cooperation level after the socialization stage was initially different from the ones who decreased the cooperation in terms of the bioelectrical activity. Well-socialized participants differed by increased values of spectral density of theta-diapason and decreased values of spectral density of beta-diapason in the middle part of frontal lobe. People who decreased the cooperation level after the socialization stage was characterized by decreased values of spectral density of alpha rhythm in the middle and posterior convex regions of both hemispheres. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

QoTa-MPR: QoS-oriented and Traffic-aware Multi-path Routing Protocol for Internet of Remote Things

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Research Square

research Square 2021年

作者： Ma, Zhongyu Liu, Yanxing Guo, Qun Dang, Xiaochao Hao, Zhanjun Tian, Ran College of Computer Science and Engineering Northwest Normal University China Gansu Internet of Things Engineering Research Center Northwest Normal University China College of Electrical and Information Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology China Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Control for Industrial Processes Lanzhou University of Technology China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Electrical and Control Engineering Education Lanzhou University of Technology China

Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) is widely used in both military and civilian applications. However, due to the unique characteristics, which is characterized as long-distance and high-latency, the design of the routing protocol is a great challenge of IoRT. In this paper, a QoS-oriented and traffic-aware multi-path routing protocol (QoTa-MRP) is proposed for IoRT. QoTa-MRP is composed of two parts. The first part is the link traffic-aware based muti-paths source route discovery mechanism, which is used to establish multi-paths with lower link disjoint degree. The second part is path similarity and traffic priority based multi-path selection mechanism, which is used to determine the transmission mode of the traffic flows to enhance the reliability or effectiveness of the transmission. Simultaneously, the protocol is theoretically analyzed in terms of the successful transmission rate of routing transmission data packet. Finally, the dynamic source routing, which is a very representative protocol and is usually used as the baseline comparison protocol, is revisited for the performance verification of the QoTa-MRP in IoRT. It is shown in the simulation results that there are significant superiorities of QoTa-MRP than that of DSR in terms of network throughput, packet loss rate and routing packet header overhead in IoRT. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Routing protocols

Simulation of the isotropic ultra-high energy photons flux in the solar magnetic field and a comparison with observations made by the HAWC and Fermi-LAT observatories

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Simulation of the isotropic ultra-high energy photons flux i...

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Homola, Piotr Poncyljusz, Bożena Gora, Dariusz Alvarez Castillo, David E. Sushchov, Oleksandr Stasielak, Jaroslaw Stuglik, Slawomir Nazari, Vahab Oancea, Cristina Beznosko, Dmitriy Zabari, Noemi Gupta, Alok C. Hnatyk, Bohdan Mozgova, Alona Kasztelan, Marcin Bielewicz, Marcin Kovacs, Peter Lozowski, Bartosz Medvedev, Mikhail V. Miszczyk, Justyna Bibrzycki, Lukasz Niedźwiecki, Michal Smelcerz, Katarzyna Hachaj, Tomasz Piekarczyk, Marcin Pawlik, Maciej Rzecki, Krzysztof Rosas, Matías Smolek, Karel Svanidze, Manana Beradze, Revaz Tursunov, Arman Wibig, Tadeusz Zamora-Saa, Jilberto Mędrala, Justyna Opila, Gabriela Pryga, Jerzy Ruimi, Ophir Cahuantzi, Mario Rodriguez Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland ADVACAM 12 Prague17000 Czech Republic Clayton State University MorrowGA United States Astroteq.ai Ltd. Juliusza Slowackiego 24 Rzeszóow35-069 Poland Manora Peak Nainital263001 India Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv04053 Ukraine National Centre for Nuclear Research Andrzeja Soltana 7 Świerk Otwock05-400 Poland Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics Wigner Research Centre for Physics 29-33 Konkoly-Thege Miklós út Budapest1121 Hungary Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 Katowice40-007 Poland Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Computer Science Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 Kraków31-155 Poland ACC Cyfronet AGH-UST Kraków30-950 Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicz Ave. Kraków30-059 Poland Liceo 6 Francisco Bauzá Montevideo Uruguay Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics under Tbilisi State University Georgia Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Bezručovo nám. 13 OpavaCZ-74601 Czech Republic University of Lódź Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics 149/153Pomorska Lódź90-236 Poland Universidad Andres Bello Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Avenida Republica 498 Santiago Chile Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Warsaw02-093 Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Kraków Poland Pedagogical University of Krakow Institute of Computer Science ul. Podchorążych Kraków30-084 Poland Racah Institute of Physics Hebrew University of Jerusalem IL Jerusalem91904 Israel Facultad de Cie

In this contribution we study the possibility of the formation of cosmic ray ensembles (CRE) created by the interaction of ultra-high energy (UHE) photons with the magnetic field of the Sun. The lack of observation of those UHE and the difficulties for their identification given the current methodologies motivates this study. We performed simulations using the PRESHOWER program in order to simulate the expected extensive air showers which might be spatially correlated generated upon entering the Earth’s atmosphere. We found characteristic features like very thing and extremely elongates cascades of secondary photons with their corresponding energies spanning the entire cosmic range spectrum. Shower footprints are as large as hundreds of kilometres. An application of this study is the scenario of gamma-ray emission from the vicinity of the Sun as a result of ultra-high energy photon cascading in the solar magnetic field in order to understand recent observations made by the HAWC and Fermi-LAT observatories. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

A machine-learning-ready dataset prepared from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory mission

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Shneider, Carl Hu, Andong Tiwari, Ajay K. Bobra, Monica G. Battams, Karl Teunissen, Jannis Camporeale, Enrico Center for Mathematics and Computer Science Multiscale Dynamics Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States CIRES University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center BoulderCO80305 United States US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC United States

We present a Python tool to generate a standard dataset from solar images that allows for user-defined selection criteria and a range of pre-processing steps. Our Python tool works with all image products from both the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) missions. We discuss a dataset produced from the SoHO mission's multi-spectral images which is free of missing or corrupt data as well as planetary transits in coronagraph images, and is temporally synced making it ready for input to a machine learning system. Machine-learning-ready images are a valuable resource for the community because they can be used, for example, for forecasting space weather parameters. We illustrate the use of this data with a 3-5 day-ahead forecast of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) observed at Lagrange point one (L1). For this use case, we apply a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to a subset of the full SoHO dataset and compare with baseline results from a Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Python

science with the Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS) 38

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Science with the Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS)

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Batista, Rafael Alves Ahlers, M. Alves Batista, R. Assis, P. Battisti, M. Bellido, J.A. Bhatnagar, S. Bismark, K. Bister, T. Bohacova, M. Caccianiga, L. Caruso, R. Carvalho, W. Castellina, A. Colalillo, R. Convenga, F. Dawson, B. De Mitri, I. de Palma, F. Deval, L. di Matteo, A. DuVernois, M. Engel, R. Eser, J. Fitoussi, T. Flaggs, B. Fujii, T. Garzelli, M.V. Gkika, V. Hamal, P. Hariharan, B. Haungs, A. Hnatyk, B. Hörandel, J. Horváth, P. Hrabovsky, M. Huege, T. Ikeda, D. Isar, P.G. James, R. Johnsen, J. Kampert, K.-H. Kleifges, M. Koundal, P. Liu, J. Longo, F. Mandat, D. Mariş, I.C. Matthews, J. Mayotte, E. Medina-Tanco, G. Mulrey, K. Muzio, M.S. Nellen, L. Niechciol, M. Ogio, S. Oikonomou, F. Ostrowski, M. Pont, B. Porcelli, A. Rautenberg, J. Rieger, F. Risse, M. Roth, M. Sako, T. Salamida, F. Santangelo, A. Santos, E. Sarazin, F. Saveliev, A. Schimp, M. Schmidt, D. Schröder, F. Sergijenko, O. Sigl, G. Soldin, D. Spiczak, G. Tameda, Y. Unger, M. van Vliet, A. Vorobiov, S. Wibig, T. Wundheiler, B. Yushkov, A. Zotov, M. Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC C Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Madrid28049 Spain Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid M-15 Madrid28049 Spain Niels Bohr Institute Copenhagen Denmark Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Madrid Spain Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Departamento de Física Teórica Madrid Spain Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Lisboa Portugal Universidade de Lisboa Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas Lisboa Portugal Université de Paris Astroparticule et Cosmologie Paris France The University of Adelaide Physics Department Adelaide Australia Dayalbagh Educational Institute Department of Physics and Computer Science Agra India Institute for Experimental Particle Physics Karlsruhe Germany Radboud University Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Nijmegen Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Physics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Sezione di Milano Milan Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy "E. Majorana" University of Catania Catania Italy Sezione di Catania Catania Italy Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Turin Italy Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Naples Italy Sezione di Napoli Naples Italy Università dell’Aquila Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche L’Aquila Italy Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso L’Aquila Assergi Italy Gran Sasso Science Institute L’Aquila Italy Università del Salento Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" Lecce Italy Institute for Astroparticle Physics Karlsruhe Germany University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Physics MadisonWI United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center MadisonWI United States The University of Chicago Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics ChicagoIL United States University of Delaware Bartol Research Institute NewarkDE United States Osaka Metropolitan Univers

The Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS) is a proposed large-scale observatory for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic particles, including ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), photons, and neutrinos. Its primary goal is to characterise the properties of the highest-energy particles in Nature with unprecedented accuracy, and to identify their elusive sources. With an aperture at least a ten-fold larger than existing observatories, this next-generation facility should start operating after 2030, when present-day detectors will gradually cease their activities. Here we briefly review the scientific case motivating GCOS. We present the status of the project, preliminary ideas for its design, and some estimates of its capabilities. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays