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Oscillatory multipulsons: Dissipative soliton trains in bistable reaction-diffusion systems with cross diffusion of attractive-repulsive type

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Physical Review E 2020年第3期101卷 032208-032208页

作者： Evgeny P. Zemskov Mikhail A. Tsyganov Werner Horsthemke Federal Research Center for Computer Science and Control Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova 40 119333 Moscow Russia Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences Institutskaya 3 142290 Pushchino Moscow Region Russia Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas 75275-0314 USA

One-dimensional localized sequences of bound (coupled) traveling pulses, wave trains with a finite number of pulses, are described in a piecewise-linear reaction-diffusion system of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type with linear cross-diffusion terms of opposite signs. The simplest case of two bound pulses, the paired-pulse waves (pulse pairs), is solved analytically. The solutions contain oscillatory tails in the wave profiles so that the pulse pairs consist of a double-peak core and wavy edges. Several pulse pairs with different profile shapes and propagation speeds can appear for the same parameter values of the model when the cross diffusion is dominant. The more general case of many bound pulses, multipulse waves, is studied numerically. It is shown that, dependent on the values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, the multipulse waves upon collision can pass through one another with unchanged size and shape, exhibiting soliton behavior. Moreover, multipulse collisions with the system boundaries can generate a rich variety of wave transformations: the transition from the multipulse waves to pulse-front waves and further to simple fronts or to annihilation as well the transition to solitary pulses or to multipulse waves with lower numbers of pulses. Analytical and numerical results for the pulse pairs agree well with each other.

关键词： Population dynamics Reaction diffusion systems Solitons Traveling waves

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Giant Exciton Transport in hBN/2D-Perovskite Heterostructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Darbari, Sara Bittorf, Paul Multerer, Leon Chahshouri, Fatemeh Darman, Parsa Ruchka, Pavel Giessen, Harald Taleb, Masoud Abdi, Yaser Talebi, Nahid Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Kiel24418 Germany Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran*** Iran 4th Physics Institute Research Center SCoPE University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Kiel Nano Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS Kiel University Kiel24118 Germany Physics Department University of Tehran Tehran*** Iran

Two-dimensional perovskites, such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, exhibit outstanding optical properties and high exciton binding energies but are highly susceptible to degradation under photo- and electron-beam exposure. To overcome this limitation, we encapsulate the perovskites with mechanically exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride flakes, forming hexagonal boron nitride/perovskite heterostructures. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that these heterostructures exhibit significantly reduced electron-beam-induced degradation, enhanced luminescence intensity, a narrower emission bandwidth, and an extended exciton decay time. Moreover, leveraging the scanning capability of our fiber-based cathodoluminescence spectroscopy technique, we demonstrate ultra-long-range exciton transport over distances of approximately 150 micrometers, attributed to exciton-defect coupling. This exciton-defect interaction not only enhances luminescence but also highlights the potential of hexagonal boron nitride/perovskite heterostructures as hybrid van-der-Waals systems with long-range exciton transport and slow radiative decay rates, paving the way for robust and efficient optoelectronic applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Atomic emission spectroscopy

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Terahertz Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Spintronic Nanostructures

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cheng, Jing Komissarov, Ivan Chen, Genyu Adam, Roman Chaktraborty, Debamitra Bürgler, Daniel E. Heidtfeld, Sarah Cao, Derang Büscher, Markus Hardtdegen, Hilde Mikulics, Martin Schneider, Claus Michael Gladczuk, Leszek Przyslupski, Piotr Sobolewski, Roman Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-1299 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0231 United States Research Centre Jülich Peter Grünberg Institute Jülich52425 Germany Faculty of Physics University Duisburg-Essen Duisburg47048 Germany College of Physics Center for Marine Observation and Communications National Demonstration Center for Experimental Applied Physics Education Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China Research Centre Jülich Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons Jülich52425 Germany Department of Physics University of California Davis DavisCA95616-5270 United States Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences WarszawaPL-02668 Poland Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0171 United States

Bilayers of ferromagnetic and heavy metal nanolayers excited with femtosecond laser pulses emit subpicosecond bursts of electromagnetic radiation with spectral frequencies up to several THz. We fabricated such spintronic THz emitters containing various ferromagnetic materials with vastly different magnetic remanence, saturation magnetization, and coercive field. In all cases, the THz amplitude versus magnetic field dependence follows the independently measured magnetization hysteresis loops and the THz polarization direction is perpendicular to the sample’s magnetization M, both consistent with the inverse spin Hall effect as physical origin. The M(T) variation governs the temperature dependence of the THz generation. Emitters with weakly remanent ferromagnets are field-tunable, while moderately and strongly remanent ferromagnets, once magnetized, allow intense THz generation even without an external field, nevertheless exhibiting low susceptibility to magnetic perturbations, if the hysteresis loop is square. Hence, exploiting the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic layer enables tailoring of weakly temperature-dependent spintronic THz emitters. Finally, we explored the applicability of perovskite oxide materials such as La-Sr-Mn-O (LSMO) for THz transient generation. Although we detected THz emissions from, e.g., LSMO/Au nanobilayers, the signal was attributed to the ultrafast transient demagnetization and not the inverse spin Hall effect. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanostructures

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Detection of the Low Energy Recoil 3He in the Reaction 2H(8He,3He)7H

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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of sciences: Physics 2020年第4期84卷 500-504页

作者： Muzalevskii, I.A. Chudoba, V. Belogurov, S.G. Bezbakh, A.A. Biare, D. Fomichev, A.S. Krupko, S.A. Gazeeva, E.M. Golovkov, M.S. Gorshkov, A.V. Grigorenko, L.V. Kaminski, G. Kiselev, O. Kostyleva, D.A. Kozlov, M. Yu. Mauyey, B. Mukha, I. Nikolskii, E. Yu. Parfenova, Yu. L. Piatek, W. Quynh, A.M. Schetinin, V.N. Serikov, A. Sidorchuk, S.I. Sharov, P.G. Slepnev, R.S. Stepantsov, S.V. Swiercz, A. Szymkiewicz, P. Ter-Akopian, G.M. Wolski, R. Zalewski, B. Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaMoscow oblast141980 Russia Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Opava74601 Czech Republic Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" Moscow117218 Russia National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" Moscow115409 Russia Dubna State University DubnaMoscow oblast141982 Russia National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" Moscow123182 Russia Heavy Ion Laboratory University of Warsaw Warsaw02-093 Poland GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research Darmstadt64291 Germany II. Institute of Physics Justus Liebig University Giessen35392 Germany Laboratory of Information Technologies Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaMoscow oblast141980 Russia Nuclear Research Institute Dalat670000 Viet Nam Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow30-059 Poland Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow31342 Poland Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty050032 Kazakhstan

Abstract: Investigation of the 7H-system in the experiment conducted at the fragment separator ACCULINNA-2 in the 8He(2H,3He)7H reaction requires to detect the recoil 3He ions with energy down to 6 MeV. For this purpose two ∆ E-E particle telescopes are used, with each telescope having in front a thin (20-μm) Si strip detector (∆E-SSD). The maps of thickness heterogeneity of the thin detectors were determined by measuring the energy losses of the 226Ra α-particles. The adopted thickness normalization method provides a good identification of the 3He nuclei being recorded in the presence of a high 4He background. Two approaches were used for calculating the energy losses of the identified 3He and 4He reaction ejectiles and reconstructing their energy values available at the exit from the deuterium target. The developed techniques were applied for the 7H missing-mass reconstruction. © 2020, Allerton Press, Inc.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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FOOTPRINT OF PUBLICATION SELECTION BIAS ON META-ANALYSES IN MEDICINE, ENVIRONMENTAL scienceS, PSYCHOLOGY, AND ECONOMICS

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bartoš, František Maier, Maximilian Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan Nippold, Franziska Doucouliagos, Hristos Ioannidis, John P.A. Otte, Willem M. Sladekova, Martina Deresssa, Teshome K. Bruns, Stephan B. Fanelli, Daniele Stanley, T.D. Department of Psychological Methods University of Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Computer Science Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Department of Experimental Psychology University College London United Kingdom Department of Economics Deakin University Australia United States Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine United States Stanford Prevention Research Center Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine United States Department of Statistics Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences United States Department of Pediatric Neurology UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Netherlands School of Psychology University of Sussex United Kingdom Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Belgium Department of Economics University of Göttingen Germany Department of Methodology London School of Economics and Political Science United Kingdom School of Social Sciences Heriot-Watt University United Kingdom

Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that meta-analyses in economics are the most severely contaminated by publication selection bias, closely followed by meta-analyses in environmental sciences and psychology, whereas meta-analyses in medicine are contaminated the least. After adjusting for publication selection bias, the median probability of the presence of an effect decreased from 99.9% to 29.7% in economics, from 98.9% to 55.7% in psychology, from 99.8% to 70.7% in environmental sciences, and from 38.0% to 29.7% in medicine. The median absolute effect sizes (in terms of standardized mean differences) decreased from d = 0.20 to d = 0.07 in economics, from d = 0.37 to d = 0.26 in psychology, from d = 0.62 to d = 0.43 in environmental sciences, and from d = 0.24 to d = 0.13 in medicine. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Economic analysis

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E-contact facilitated by conversational agents reduces interethnic prejudice and anxiety in Afghanistan

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Communications psychology 2024年第1期2卷 22页

作者： Sofia Sahab Jawad Haqbeen Rafik Hadfi Takayuki Ito Richard Eke Imade Susumu Ohnuma Takuya Hasegawa Department of Social Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan. sahab.sofia@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp. Department of Social Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan. Department of International Cooperation Studies Nagoya University Nagoya Japan. Department of Behavioral Science / Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan. Department of Computer Science Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan.

Intergroup contact occurring through indirect means such as the internet has the potential to improve intergroup relationships and may be especially beneficial in high conflict situations. Here we conducted a three-timepoint online experiment to ascertain whether the use of a conversational agent in E-contact platforms could mitigate interethnic prejudices and hostility among Afghanistan's historically segregated and persistently conflictual ethnic groups. 128 Afghans of Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara backgrounds were assigned to one of four E-contact conditions (control with no conversational agent and three experimental groups that varied in the conversational agent settings). Participants in the experimental conditions contributed more ideas and longer opinions and showed a greater reduction in outgroup prejudice and anxiety than those in the control group. These findings demonstrate that E-contact facilitated by a conversational agent can improve intergroup attitudes even in contexts characterized by a long history of intergroup segregation and conflict.

关键词： Human behaviour Communication Society

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Dynamics of the competition between two languages

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SeMA Journal 2020年第4期77卷 351-373页

作者： Tchendjeu, A. E. Tchahou Bowong, S. Tchitnga, R. Fotsin, H.B. Department of Computer Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda PO Box 39 Bambili Cameroon Laboratory of Condensed Matters Electronics and Signal Processing (LAMACETS) Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang PO Box 63 Dschang Cameroon Research Group on Experimental and Applied Physics for Sustainable Development (EAPhySuD) Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang PO Box 63 Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science University of Douala PO Box 24157 Douala Cameroon UMI 209 IRD/UPMC UMMISCO Bondy France LIRIMA Project Team GRIMCAPE Yaounde Cameroon The African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies (CETIC) University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 Ulm 89081 Germany

This paper reports a new kind of mathematical model for language competition dynamics using compartmental epidemiological modeling approach. The model describes the competition between two languages, say the predominant one called language 1, and the less spoken language 2, both in the same community. We distinguish three groups of population building the concerned community: one majority speaking language 1, one minority speaking language 2 and a last minority speaking neither language 1 nor language 2. The study of the proposed model includes an analysis of the evolution of the number of speakers over time. This model predicts that language 2 can inevitably disappear if the threshold parameter R is less than one. We show that our model is well-posed mathematically and linguistically. We also show that the model has basically two linguistic equilibrium points. A monolingual equilibrium point that corresponds to the case where only one language is spoken: some individuals speak only the language 1 and some others do speak neither language 1, nor language 2. A bilingual equilibrium point which corresponds to the case where all the languages are spoken: some individuals speak both languages 1 and 2, some others speak only language 1, while a third group does speak only language 2, and the last group speaks none of the two languages. In this bilingual equilibrium point, both languages coexist. Depending on the threshold parameter, we demonstrate the stability of these equilibria. The model presents on one hand, a direct bifurcation phenomenon, in which we have a stable equilibrium point without bilingual speakers when the associated basic reproduction number is less than one. On the other hand, it presents a stable bilingual equilibrium point when the number of associated basic reproductions is greater than one. The analysis of the overall sensitivity of the model is performed and the impact of the system parameters on the basic reproduction number was performed using

关键词： Bilingualism Compartmental modeling Dynamical system Language competition Stability

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Towards a consensus atlas of human and mouse adipose tissue at single-cell resolution

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Nature metabolism 2025年第5期7卷 875-894页

作者： Loft, Anne Emont, Margo P. Weinstock, Ada Divoux, Adeline Ghosh, Adhideb Wagner, Allon Hertzel, Ann V. Maniyadath, Babukrishna Deplancke, Bart Liu, Boxiang Scheele, Camilla Lumeng, Carey Ding, Changhai Ma, Chenkai Wolfrum, Christian Strieder-Barboza, Clarissa Li, Congru Truong, Danh D. Bernlohr, David A. Stener-Victorin, Elisabet Kershaw, Erin E. Yeger-Lotem, Esti Shamsi, Farnaz Hui, Hannah X. Camara, Henrique Zhong, Jiawei Kalucka, Joanna Ludwig, Joseph A. Semon, Julie A. Jalkanen, Jutta Whytock, Katie L. Dumont, Kyle D. Sparks, Lauren M. Muir, Lindsey A. Fang, Lingzhao Massier, Lucas Saraiva, Luis R. Beyer, Marc D. Jeschke, Marc G. Mori, Marcelo A. Boroni, Mariana Walsh, Martin J. Patti, Mary-Elizabeth Lynes, Matthew D. Blüher, Matthias Rydén, Mikael Hamda, Natnael Solimini, Nicole L. Mejhert, Niklas Gao, Peng Gupta, Rana K. Murphy, Rinki Pirouzpanah, Saeed Corvera, Silvia Tang, Su'an Das, Swapan K. Schmidt, Søren F Zhang, Tao Nelson, Theodore M. Efthymiou, Vissarion Wang, Wenjing Tong, Yihan Tseng, Yu-Hua Mandrup, Susanne Rosen, Evan D. Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Odense Denmark Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Chicago Chicago IL United States Department of Medicine Section of Genetic Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL United States Translational Research Institute Orlando FL United States Department of Health Sciences and Technology Institute of Food Nutrition and Health ETH Zurich Schwerzenbach Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA United States Center for Computational Biology University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN United States Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Odense Denmark Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics Institute of Bioengineering School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Biomedical Informatics Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Cardiovascular-Metabolic Disease Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore NUS Centre for Cancer Research Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Nationa

Adipose tissue (AT) is a complex connective tissue with a high relative proportion of adipocytes, which are specialized cells with the ability to store lipids in large droplets. AT is found in multiple discrete depots throughout the body, where it serves as the primary repository for excess calories. In addition, AT has an important role in functions as diverse as insulation, immunity and regulation of metabolic homeostasis. The Human Cell Atlas Adipose Bionetwork was established to support the generation of single-cell atlases of human AT as well as the development of unified approaches and consensus for cell annotation. Here, we provide a first roadmap from this bionetwork, including our suggested cell annotations for humans and mice, with the aim of describing the state of the field and providing guidelines for the production, analysis, interpretation and presentation of AT single-cell data. © 2025. Springer Nature Limited.

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Impact of large-scale climate indices on total nitrogen concentrations in drinking water sources cannot be overlooked

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 661卷

作者： Ning Li Jingfeng Xiao Zheng Zhang Rui Bai Jiayi Yong Ziyu Ning Miao Chen Yaxiong Chen Shuli Xin Shengwu Xiong Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture Environmental and Plant Protection Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 PR China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000 PR China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment National Long-Term Experimental Station for Agriculture Green Development Danzhou 571737 PR China Earth Systems Research Center Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA Hainan Climate Center Haikou 570203 PR China Agricultural Service Center of Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County Baoting 572300 PR China

Total nitrogen (TN) is a crucial indicator of contamination in drinking water sources. Its primary drivers include both natural and anthropogenic factors such as meteorological elements, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, land use and pollutant emissions. However, the impact of large-scale climate indices on TN concentrations has rarely been studied. Investigating this impact is hindered by several challenges, including the identification of an ideal study area, scarcity of TN data and low concentrations with narrow variation range in drinking water sources. This study focused on a representative tropical drinking water source situated within a watershed where has no industrial activities and minimal land use changes. Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) satellite imagery from November 2016 to October 2022, combination with manual sampling and laboratory analysis with 147 samples and five machine learning (ML) algorithms, were used to develop TN concentrations models. We then analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of the resulting gridded TN concentrations estimates, examining 1008 potential climate drivers for TN concentrations changes by 26 meteorological elements and 110 climate indices data with a maximum lag time of six months. Average wind velocity on 6-month lag (summed normalized feature importance scores, SNFIS = 0.37) and the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool Index on 5-month lag (SNFIS = 0.31) were the main climate drivers for TN concentrations, indicating that the impact of climate indices on TN concentrations was similar to that of meteorological elements and should not be overlooked. Other climate indices, including the Eastern Pacific Subtropical High Northern Boundary Position Index, Kuroshio Current Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Index and Pacific North American Index, also influence TN concentrations. The impact of climate drivers on TN concentrations exhibited a significant lag of approximately 5–6 months. The improved ML model (residual artifici

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Publisher Correction: High resolution optical mapping of cardiac electrophysiology in pre-clinical models

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Scientific data 2024年第1期11卷 93页

作者： Christopher O'Shea James Winter S Nashitha Kabir Molly O'Reilly Simon P Wells Olivia Baines Laura C Sommerfeld Joao Correia Ming Lei Paulus Kirchhof Andrew P Holmes Larissa Fabritz Kashif Rajpoot Davor Pavlovic Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. c.oshea@bham.ac.uk. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. Heart Center Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands. William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK. University Center of Cardiovascular Science UKE Hamburg Germany. Department of Pharmacology University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Cardiology University Heart and Vascular Centre University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck Lubeck Germany. Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.

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