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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qasemi, Ehsan Francis, Jonathan M. Oltramari, Alessandro Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Human-Machine Collaboration Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence PittsburghPA United States

Video Question Answering (VidQA) exhibits remarkable potential in facilitating advanced machine reasoning capabilities within the domains of Intelligent Traffic Monitoring and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Nevertheless, the integration of urban traffic scene knowledge into VidQA systems has received limited attention in previous research endeavors. In this work, we present a novel approach termed Traffic-domain Video Question Answering with Automatic Captioning (TRIVIA), which serves as a weak-supervision technique for infusing traffic-domain knowledge into large video-language models. Empirical findings obtained from the SUTD-TrafficQA task highlight the substantial enhancements achieved by TRIVIA, elevating the accuracy of representative video-language models by a remarkable 6.5 points (19.88%) compared to baseline settings. This pioneering methodology holds great promise for driving advancements in the field, inspiring researchers and practitioners alike to unlock the full potential of emerging video-language models in traffic-related applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Domain Knowledge

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Immersive Virtual Reality Improves Psychophysiological Responses to Agent-Guided Breathing Training

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Corrò, Christian Chittaro, Luca Human-Computer Interaction Lab Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics University of Udine Via delle Scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy

Slow deep breathing (SDB) techniques offer physical and mental health benefits that help mitigate stress, anxiety, and pain. However, economic and logistical barriers limit access to traditional breathing training programs. While self-help resources like videos and apps are available, they lack the personalized guidance and feedback provided by human trainers and tend to have high dropout rates. The increasing availability of consumer-grade virtual reality (VR) headsets presents new opportunities for immersive breathing training experiences, potentially enhancing engagement and adherence. However, it remains unclear whether breathing training can benefit from immersive VR (iVR). This paper addresses this question by comparing agent-guided breathing training in iVR (headset-based) vs. non-immersive VR (based on a computer monitor). We introduce and evaluate a virtual agent that provides users with real-time, personalized feedback on their respiratory frequency and depth. We evaluate both self-reported measures (including engagement, attention, presence, and perception of the virtual agent) and objective physiological signals, comprising respiration, electrodermal activity, cardiac activity, and brain prefrontal cortex activity (acquired through functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS). The results of the user study on 36 participants highlighted several benefits of iVR over non-immersive VR. Results showed that iVR increased users’ attention, engagement, sense of presence, social presence, and perceived anthropomorphism of the virtual agent. Physiologically, iVR improved depth of breathing at the correct SDB frequency, reduced cognitive load, decreased sympathetic arousal and increased parasympathetic activity. The paper describes and discusses these findings, highlighting the important role that iVR can play in enhancing the effectiveness of breathing training. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Audition

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Photobleaching and phototoxicity of mitochondria in live cell fluorescent super-resolution microscopy

Mitochondrial communications

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Mitochondrial communications 2024年第1期2卷 38-47页

作者： Chia-Hung Lee Douglas C Wallace Peter J Burke Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 United States. Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics Division of Human Genetics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 United States. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States.

Photobleaching and phototoxicity can induce detrimental effects on cell viability and compromise the integrity of collected data, particularly in studies utilizing super-resolution microscopes. Given the involvement of multiple factors, it is currently challenging to propose a single set of standards for assessing the potential of phototoxicity. The objective of this paper is to present empirical data on the effects of photobleaching and phototoxicity on mitochondria during super-resolution imaging of mitochondrial structure and function using Airyscan and the fluorescent structure dyes Mitotracker green (MTG), 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), and voltage dye Tetramethylrhodamine, Ethyl Ester (TMRE). We discern two related phenomena. First, phototoxicity causes a transformation of mitochondria from tubular to spherical shape, accompanied by a reduction in the number of cristae. Second, phototoxicity impacts the mitochondrial membrane potential. Through these parameters, we discovered that upon illumination, NAO is much more phototoxic to mitochondria compared to MTG or TMRE and that these parameters can be used to evaluate the relative phototoxicity of various mitochondrial dye-illumination combinations during mitochondrial imaging.

关键词： Fluorescent dye Mitochondria Photobleaching Phototoxicity Super-resolution

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Insight into the liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第14期29卷 2064-2077页

作者： Naina Khullar Jasvinder Singh Bhatti Satwinder Singh Bhawana Thukral P Hemachandra Reddy Gurjit Kaur Bhatti Department of Zoology Mata Gujri CollegeFatehgarh Sahib 140407PunjabIndia Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics Department of Human Genetics and Molecular MedicineSchool of Health SciencesCentral University of PunjabBathinda 151401PunjabIndia Department of Computer Science and Technology Central University of PunjabBathinda 151401PunjabIndia Department of Nutrition and Dietetics University Institute of Applied Health SciencesChandigarh UniversityMohali 140413PunjabIndia Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTX 79430United States Department of Medical Lab Technology University Institute of Applied Health SciencesChandigarh UniversityMohali 140413PunjabIndia

As of June 2022,more than 530 million people worldwide have become ill with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Although COVID-19 is most commonly associated with respiratory distress(severe acute respiratory syndrome),metaanalysis have indicated that liver dysfunction also occurs in patients with severe *** studies revealed distinctive patterning in the receptors on the hepatic cells that helps in viral invasion through the expression of angiotensinconverting enzyme *** has also been reported that in some patients with COVID-19,therapeutic strategies,including repurposed drugs(mitifovir,lopinavir/ritonavir,tocilizumab,etc.)triggered liver injury and cholestatic *** proven indicators support cytokine storm-induced hepatic *** there are 1.5 billion patients with chronic liver disease worldwide,it becomes imperative to critically evaluate the molecular mechanisms concerning hepatotropism of COVID-19 and identify new potential *** review also designated a comprehensive outlook of comorbidities and the impact of lifestyle and genetics in managing patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Liver damage Pharmacotherapy Cytokine storm Molecular mechanisms

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Towards expert gaze modeling and recognition of a user's attention in realtime 24

Towards expert gaze modeling and recognition of a user's att...

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24th KES International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2020

作者： Castner, Nora Geßler, Lea Geisler, David Hüttig, Fabian Kasneci, Enkelejda Human-Computer Interaction University of Tübingen Germany Institute of Computer Science University of Tübingen Germany Department of Prosthodontics University Hospital Tübingen Germany

One of the appealing areas of expertise research is devoted to measuring the effectiveness of training programs for novices. With recent progress in eye tracking, gaze-based interaction systems recognize a user's attention and can direct it accordingly. Moreover, dynamic visualization of an expert gaze model facilitates novice training by guiding the gaze to relevant areas. In addition, the system should be aware of realtime attention to remove an overlay that could occlude relevant information. We use an implementation of subtle gaze direction (SGD) and the simplified scanpath of a dentist to train naive participants in finding anomalies in dental radiographs. We were able to effectively direct user gaze to relevant image features without occluding the area when attention was recognized. Additionally, participants reported that the intervention was helpful for image inspection. The results of the model intervention show minimal improvements in anomaly detection, which is expected of naive subjects. We advocate that the system has the potential to be highly effective for advanced students and trainees with a certain foundation of conceptual knowledge. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Eye tracking

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Fault tolerance in fog-based Social Internet of Things

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Knowledge-Based Systems 2023年第1期265卷

作者： Mohammadi, Venus Rahmani, Amir Masoud Darwesh, Aso Sahafi, Amir Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Information Technology University of Human Development Sulaimanyah Iraq Department of Computer Engineering South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a glimpse into the future for self-establishment of inter-things social relationships that guarantee object-to-object transactions. This scenario adopted an intelligent strategy by the trust characteristics and typology of leveraging objects to eradicate the interference of defective nodes. In addition, SIoT networks are error-prone due to heterogeneity and potential resource constraints on the devices, which necessitates the inclusion of a mechanism to enhance the lifetime and dependability of devices. Therefore, fault tolerance mechanisms are indispensable to ensure optimal performance through fault detection and recovery. Although fog architecture and SIoT are two stand-alone paradigms, we extend fog competence into SIoT to empower resource-poor objects for handling intensive tasks. Hence a fault-tolerant model based on a clustering algorithm for fault detection and retrieval is presented. In the proposed scheme, the Markov chains model all faults diagnosed by the fog node. In the recovery stage, the status of the nodes is determined based on the type of faults and the assigned threshold to make a substitution by hot standby nodes. The four performance criteria, namely the reliability, availability, probability density function, the average time to failure, and their mathematical equations were developed on the Markov model. Furthermore, the achievements were demonstrated through either theoretical analysis or simulation results. Then, the proposed scheme increases the number of live nodes, improves the detection accuracy in forwarded requests, lowers the number of invalid requests, and enhances availability and reliability compared to networks with analogous properties. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Internet of things

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Global and Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Dark Patterns and Deceptive Design Practice

Global and Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Dark Patterns a...

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2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Seaborn, Katie Gray, Colin M. Gunawan, Johanna Mildner, Thomas Schäfer, René Chamorro, Lorena Sanchez Nakamura, Satoshi Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan UXP2 Lab. Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Law and Tech Lab. Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands University of Bremen Bremen Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Human-Computer Interaction Research Group University of Luxembourg Esch-Sur-Alzette Luxembourg Meiji University School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences Nakano Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Dark patterns and deceptive designs (DPs) refer to user interfaces (UIs) that trick people into interactions that benefit the service providers. Today, academic research, legal action, and media coverage has raised awareness among a diversity of stakeholders worldwide. Yet, the lens has focused on Western and English contexts. We propose a Special Interest Group (SIG) that centres on cross-cultural and interdisciplinary engagement. The organizing team, who hail from a plurality of nations and disciplines, will spark discussion by sharing their knowledge—findings, frameworks, methods, and tools—and culturally-sensitive perspectives on deception in modern digital products and services. Attendees will participate in a small group drawing activity, whereby culturally-specific DPs and disciplinary perspectives can be surfaced and communicated without reliance on a specific language or cultural frame. This SIG is expected to draw in a diversity of designers, researchers, security experts, and legal scholars concerned about ethical design practice. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： User profile

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Early cancer detection by serum biomolecular fingerprinting spectroscopy with machine learning

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eLight 2023年第1期3卷 94-104页

作者： Shilian Dong Dong He Qian Zhang Chaoning Huang Zhiheng Hu Chenyang Zhang Lei Nie Kun Wang Wei Luo Jing Yu Bin Tian Wei Wu Xu Chen Fubing Wang Jing Hu Xiangheng Xiao Department of Physics National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China School of Computer Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Hubei Cancer HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079China Department of Clinical Laboratory Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Department of Blood Transfusion Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics Research Center for Graphic CommunicationPrinting and PackagingWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and the Center for Medical Genetics Department of Laboratory MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengdu 611731China School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan 430071China

Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique with ultra-sensitivity becomes more and more desirable in biomedical analysis,which is yet hindered by inefficient follow-up data *** we report an integrative method based on SERS and Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Screening(SERS-AICS)for liquid biopsy such as serum via silver nanowires,combining molecular vibrational signals processing with large-scale data mining *** to 382 healthy controls and 1582 patients from two independent cohorts,SERS-AICS not only distinguishes pan-cancer patients from health controls with 95.81% overall accuracy and 95.87% sensitivity at 95.40% specificity,but also screens out those samples at early cancer *** supereminent efficiency potentiates SERS-AICS a promising tool for detecting cancer with broader types at earlier stage,accompanying with the establishment of a data platform for further deep analysis.

关键词： analysis specificity silver

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Filaggrinopathies—FLG/FLG2: Diagnostic Complexities and Immunotherapy

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Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2025年第7期145卷 1622-1632页

作者： Nouri, Zahra Biglari, Sajjad Tabatabaiefar, Mohammad Amin Vahidnezhad, Fatemeh Hozhabrpour, Amir March, Michael E. Margolis, David J. Gudjonsson, Johann E. Hakonarson, Hakon Vahidnezhad, Hassan Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA United States Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD United States Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center Institute of Immunology and Infectious disease Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Dermatology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Division of Human Genetics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA United States Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States

FLG and FLG2 proteins are expressed in the outer layers of the epidermis, where they are vital in epidermal differentiation and skin barrier formation. Filaggrinopathies involving dysfunctions in these proteins are associated with a spectrum of phenotypic presentations, from monogenic to multifactorial conditions. This review examines biosynthesis and function of FLG and FLG2 proteins and evaluates their molecular pathogenesis in filaggrinopathies. Moreover, genotype–phenotype correlations are assessed, emphasizing genetic diagnosis complexities and diverse immune dysregulation patterns. Finally, it examines ongoing immunotherapeutic approaches by targeting different cytokines as promising treatment options for filaggrinopathies management. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Atopic dermatitis FLG FLG2 Inflammatory dermatoses Skin barrier disorders

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The effects of virtual reality on muscle synergies during walking and balancing in healthy adults

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Gait & Posture 2024年 113卷 55-56页

作者： Johannes Eichwalder Paul Kaufmann Thomas Mandl Brian Horsak Hans Kainz University of Vienna Centre for Sport Science and University Sports- Department of Sport and Human Movement Science Vienna Austria University of Applied Sciences for Technology and Digitalization Faculty Computer Science- Department Applied Mathematics & Physics Vienna Austria University of Applied Sciences St. Pölten Department of Health Sciences- Center for Digital Health and Social Innovation St. Pölten Austria

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