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检索条件"机构=Center for Human Modeling and Simulation"

共 59 条记录，以下是11-20 订阅

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Pedestrians: creating agent behaviors through statistical analysis of observation data

Pedestrians: creating agent behaviors through statistical an...

引用

Computer Animation

作者： K. Ashida Seung-Joo Lee J.M. Allbeck H. Sun N.I. Badler D. Metaxas Center for Human Modeling & Simulation University of Pennsylvania USA

Creating a complex virtual environment with human inhabitants that behave as we would expect real humans to behave is a difficult and time consuming task. Time must be spent to construct the environment, to create human figures, to create animations for the agents' actions, and to create controls for the agents' behaviors, such as scripts, plans, and decision-makers. Often work done for one virtual environment must be completely replicated for another. The creation of robust, procedural actions that can be ported from one simulation to another would ease the creation of new virtual environments. As walking is useful in many different virtual environments, the creation of natural looking walking is important. In this paper we present a system for producing more natural looking walking by incorporating actions for the upper body. We aim to provide a tool that authors of virtual environments can use to add realism to their characters without effort.

关键词： Statistical analysis Legged locomotion humans Virtual environment Animation Robustness Leg Sun Analytical models Biological system modeling

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MediSim: Simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medical forces planning and training

MediSim: Simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medic...

引用

1995 National Forum: Military Telemedicine On-Line Today Research, Practice, and Opportunities, MTOL 1995

作者： Badler, N.I. Clarke, J.R. Hollick, M.J. Kokkevis, E. Metaxas, D.N. Bindiganavale, R. Webber, B.L. Chi, D.M. Foster, N. Ogunyemi, O. Kaye, J. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Dept. of Comput. and Inf. Sci. Pennsylvania Univ. PhiladelphiaPA19104-6389 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818658606

The MediSim system extends virtual environments (both local and network) to represent simulated medical personnel interacting with simulated casualties. Our technology fosters dual-use applications involving planning, training, and evaluation of both medical corpsmen and civilian EMTs. Behaviors and behavioral control are being developed for the medical corpsmen that will enable their actions on the digital battlefield to conform to both military practice and medical protocols. From situationally-appropriate injury models, a set of physical and behavioral manifestations in a simulated casualty will be determined and portrayed on a three-dimensional body. © 1995 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Avatars agrave/ la Snow Crash

Avatars agrave/ la Snow Crash

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1998 Computer Animation, CA 1998

作者： Allbeck, J.M. Badler, N.I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Pennsylvania Univ. 200 S. 33rd St. PhiladelphiaPA19104-6389 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818685417

We analyzed Neal Stephenson's novel «Snow Crash» for all references to avatars. This analysis is documented in this paper, including a comparison of the Snow Crash avatars to the current state of real-time virtual human research. The avatar characteristics discussed include appearance, clothing and attachments, ethnicity, locomotion, body actions, forms of communication, emotion and personality. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Snow

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Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

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作者： Chi, Diane M. Kokkevis, Evangelos Ogunyemi, Omolola Bindiganavale, Rama Hollick, Michael J. Clarke, John R. Webber, Bonnie L. Badler, Norman I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania 200 S. 33rd Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States

The MediSim system extends virtual environment technology to allow medical personnel to interact with and train on simulated casualties. The casualty model employs a three-dimensional animated human body that displays appropriate physical and behavioral responses to injury and/or treatment. Medical corpsmen behaviors were developed to allow the actions of simulated medical personnel to conform to both military practice and medical protocols during patient assessment and stabilization. A trainee may initiate medic actions through a mouse and menu interface;a VR interface has also been created by Stansfield's research group at Sandia National Labs. © 1997 The authors.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Avatars a/spl grave/ la Snow Crash

Avatars a/spl grave/ la Snow Crash

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Computer Animation

作者： J.M. Allbeck N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

We analyzed Neal Stephenson's novel "Snow Crash" for all references to avatars. This analysis is documented in this paper, including a comparison of the Snow Crash avatars to the current state of real-time virtual human research. The avatar characteristics discussed include appearance, clothing and attachments, ethnicity, locomotion, body actions, forms of communication, emotion and personality.

关键词： Avatars Snow Computer crashes humans Clothing Virtual reality Planets Virtual environment Chromium Graphics

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To gesture or not to gesture: what is the question?

To gesture or not to gesture: what is the question?

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Computer Graphics International

作者： N. Badler M. Costa L. Zhao D. Chi Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Computer synthesized characters are expected to make appropriate face, limb, and body gestures during communicative acts. We focus on non-facial movements and try to elucidate what is intended with the notions of "gesture" and "naturalness". We argue that looking only at the psychological notion of gesture and gesture type is insufficient to capture movement qualities needed by an animated character. Movement observation science, specifically Laban Movement Analysis and its Effort and Shape components with motion phrasing provide essential gesture components (I. Bartenieff and D. Lewis, 1980). We assert that the expression of movement qualities from the Effort dimensions are needed to make a gesture naturally crystallize out of abstract movements. Finally, we point out that nonfacial gestures must involve the rest of the body to appear natural and convincing. A system called EMOTE has been implemented which applies parameterized Effort and Shape qualities to movements and thereby forms improved synthetic gestures.

关键词： Animation Biological system modeling Shape Legged locomotion humans Computational modeling Computer simulation Face Psychology Crystallization

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Controlling fluid animation 97

Controlling fluid animation

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Computer Graphics International

作者： N. Foster D. Metaxas Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818678257

A methodology for controlling fluid animations is developed using the concept of an embedded controller. A controller acts as an interface between the animator and a general tool for calculating three dimensional fluid flow. The major contribution of this paper is that for the first time, it is possible for computer graphics animators, to specify and control a three dimensional fluid animation, without knowledge of the underlying equations or the method used to solve them. In addition the technique is stable, physically accurate, and can be integrated with other animation tools that deal with dynamic objects. To illustrate the method, animations of moving objects fountains, and explosions, together with the straightforward control functions that are used to create them, are presented.

关键词： Animation Computer graphics Motion control Computational fluid dynamics Fluid flow control Navier-Stokes equations Fluid dynamics Physics humans Fluid flow

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Terrain reasoning for human locomotion

Terrain reasoning for human locomotion

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Computer Animation

作者： B.D. Reich Hyeongseok Ko W. Becket N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

We describe a real-time model of terrain traversal by simulated human agents. Agent navigation includes a variety of simulated sensors, terrain reasoning with behavioral constraints, and detailed simulation of a variety of locomotion techniques. The path through the terrain is incrementally computed by a behavioral reasoning system configuring a behavioral feedback network. A number of sensors acquire information on object range, passageways, obstacles, terrain type, exposure to hostile agents, and so on. The behavioral reasoner weighs this information along with collision avoidance, cost, danger minimization, locomotion types, and other behaviors available to the agent and incrementally attempts to reach a goal location. Since the system is reactive, it can respond to moving obstacles, changing terrain, or unexpected events due to hostile agents or the effects of limited perception. A motor-level component provides general locomotion, including curved path walking and running that work in real-time with human figures.< >

关键词： humans Navigation Artificial intelligence Computational modeling Feedback Computer networks Rain Collision avoidance Costs Sensor phenomena and characterization

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Decision networks for integrating the behaviors of virtual agents and avatars

Decision networks for integrating the behaviors of virtual a...

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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： T.S. Trias S. Chopra B.D. Reich M.B. Moore N.I. Badler B.L. Webber C.W. Geib Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

We examine the use of decision networks in animating virtual agents. We have developed a system that allows the realization of multiple, parallel behaviors for an agent. The networks we utilize, called PaT-Nets, are used both to represent individual behaviors and also to encode rules of engagement between agents. The multiple networks simultaneously attached to an individual agent are used to control locomotion, planning, visual attention and decision-making strategy. We discuss how human players may be substituted for autonomous players and still operate under the represented behaviors in the PaT-Nets.

关键词： Avatars Game theory humans Animation Decision making Virtual reality Strategic planning Motion control Virtual environment Visualization

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Virtual human animation based on movement observation and cognitive behavior models

Virtual human animation based on movement observation and co...

引用

Computer Animation

作者： N.I. Badler D.M. Chi S. Chopra Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Automatically animating virtual humans with actions that reflect real human motions is still a challenge. We present a framework for animation that is based on utilizing empirical and validated data from movement observation and cognitive psychology. To illustrate these, we demonstrate a mapping from effort motion factors onto expressive arm movements, and from cognitive data to autonomous attention behaviors. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of this approach for the future of real time virtual human animation.

关键词： humans Animation Psychology

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