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Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications

作者： N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The last few years have seen great maturation in the computation speed and control methods needed to portray 3D virtual humans that are suitable for real interactive applications. We first describe the state of the art, then focus on the particular approach taken at the University of Pennsylvania with the Jack system. Various aspects of real-time virtual humans are considered, such as their appearance and motion, interactive control, autonomous actions, gestures, attention, locomotion and multiple individuals. The underlying architecture consists of a sense-control-act structure that permits reactive behaviors to be locally adaptive to the environment, and a PaT-Net (parallel transition network) parallel-finite-state machine controller that can be used to drive virtual humans through complex tasks. We then argue for a deep connection between language and animation and describe current efforts in linking them through two systems: the Jack Presenter and the JackMOO extension to lambdaMOO. Finally, we outline a parameterized action representation for mediating between language instructions and animated actions.

关键词： humans Biological system modeling Computational modeling Application software Lifting equipment Animation Embedded computing Avatars Shape Computer simulation

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Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

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Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications

作者： Liwei Zhao N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Gesture and speech are two very important behaviors for virtual humans. They are not isolated from each other but generally employed simultaneously in the service of the same intention. An underlying PaT-Net parallel finite state machine may be used to coordinate them both. Gesture selection is not arbitrary. Typical movements correlated with specific textual elements are used to select and produce gesticulation online. This enhances the expressiveness of speaking virtual humans.

关键词： humans Kinematics Speech synthesis Computational modeling Computer simulation Information science Avatars Concrete Shape Turning

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A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

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1997 Scientific Visualization Conference, dagstuhl 1997

作者： Bender, M. Klein, R. Ebert, A. Rodrian, H. Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Co. KG Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769505031

Modern web-based Scientific Visualization applications try to overcome common limitations imposed by limited internet bandwidth, server bottlenecks or network latency. A further aspect is the desire to gain platform independence by solely using instruments which are platform independent by conception: the programming language Java, the Virtual Reality modeling Language (VRML), or the 3D API *** present a prototype of a hybrid web-based Scientific Visualization system which makes use of the increasing computational power of modern desktop workstations and personal computers on the client side, and the superior performance provided by a powerful machine on the server side. In order to achieve high interaction rates and to balance computational load the user can dynamically assign selected tasks to his client or to the *** the scientific field of human modeling we have implemented a hybrid web-based toolkit for the modeling of human muscles and skin. Our application allows the on-line generation and manipulation of three-dimensional implicit muscle models in a heterogeneous network and it offers various parameters to adjust computation and response time versus rendering quality. © 1997 IEEE Computer Society.

关键词： Heterogeneous networks

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Synthesis of 3D faces using region-based morphing under intuitive control

Synthesis of 3D faces using region-based morphing under intu...

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作者： Zhang, Yu Badler, Norman I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania IEEE Computer Society ACM SIGGRAPH Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania

This paper presents a new region-based method for automatically synthesizing varied, natural looking 3D human face models by morphing local facial features according to intuitive control parameters. We automatically compute a one-to-one vertex correspondence among the unregistered face scans in a large database by deforming a generic mesh to fit the specific person's face geometry in a global-to-local fashion. With the obtained correspondence, we transform the generated data sets of feature shapes into vector space representations. We parameterize the example models using the face anthropometric measurements that reflect the facial physical structure, and predefine the interpolation functions for the parameterized example models based on radial basis functions. At runtime, the interpolation functions are evaluated to efficiently generate the appropriate feature shape by taking the anthropometric parameters as input. We use a shape blending approach for generating a seamlessly deformed mesh around the feature region boundary. The correspondence among all example textures is established by parameterizing the 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the example textures. Our 3D face synthesis method has several advantages: (1) it regulates the naturalness of synthesized faces, maintaining the quality existing in the real face examples;(2) the region-based morphing and comprehensive face shape and texture control parameters allow more diverse faces to be generated readily;and (3) the automatic runtime face synthesis is efficient in time complexity and performs fast. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Face recognition

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Evaluation of American sign language generation by native ASL signers

Evaluation of American sign language generation by native AS...

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作者： Huenerfauth, Matt Zhao, Liming Gu, Erdan Allbeck, Jan Computer Science Department CUNY Queens College City University of New York 65-30 Kissena Blvd Flushing NY 11375 United States Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania 3401 Walnut St Philadelphia PA 19104 United States

There are many important factors in the design of evaluation studies for systems that generate animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, and techniques for evaluating natural language generation of written texts are not easily adapted to ASL. When conducting user-based evaluations, several cultural and linguistic characteristics of members of the American Deaf community must be taken into account so as to ensure the accuracy of evaluations involving these users. This article describes an implementation and user-based evaluation (by native ASL signers) of a prototype ASL natural language generation system that produces sentences containing classifier predicates, which are frequent and complex spatial phenomena that previous ASL generators have not produced. Native signers preferred the system's output to Signed English animations - scoring it higher in grammaticality, understandability, and naturalness of movement. They were also more successful at a comprehension task after viewing the system's classifier predicate animations. © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Brain chains as topological signatures for Alzheimer’s disease

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Journal of Applied and Computational Topology 2024年第5期8卷 1257-1298页

作者： Goodbrake, Christian Beers, David Thompson, Travis B. Harrington, Heather A. Goriely, Alain Mathematical Institute University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation Oden Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University Lubbock United States Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom

Topology is providing new insights for neuroscience. For instance, graphs, simplicial complexes, directed graphs, flag complexes, persistent homology and convex covers have been used to study functional brain networks, synaptic connectivity, and hippocampal place cell codes. We propose a topological framework to study the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The modeling of this disease starts with the representation of the brain connectivity as a graph and the seeding of a toxic protein in a specific region represented by a vertex. Over time, the accumulation of toxic proteins at vertices and their propagation along edges are modeled by a dynamical system on this graph. These dynamics provide an order on the edges of the graph according to the damage created by high concentrations of proteins. This sequence of edges defines a filtration of the graph. We consider different filtrations given by different disease seeding locations. To study these filtrations we propose a new combinatorial and topological method. A filtration defines a maximal chain in the partially ordered set of spanning subgraphs ordered by inclusion. To identify similar graphs, and define a topological signature, we quotient this poset by graph homotopy equivalence, which gives maximal chains in a smaller poset. We provide an algorithm to compute this direct quotient without computing all subgraphs and then propose bounds on the total number of graphs up to homotopy equivalence. To compare the maximal chains generated by this method, we extend Kendall’s d_K metric for permutations to more general graded posets and establish bounds for this metric. We then demonstrate the utility of this framework on actual brain graphs by studying the dynamics of tau proteins on the structural connectome. We show that the proposed topological brain chain equivalence classes distinguish different simulated subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： 06A07 55P99 92C32 Alzheimer’s disease Graph filtrations Homotopy equivalence Neurodegeneration

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Me and My VE, Part 3

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Proceedings of the human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2014年第1期58卷 2397 - 2401页

作者： Laura Strater Rebecca A. Kennedy Mark W. Scerbo Yiannis Papelis Menion Croll Hector Garcia Tami Griffith Jeremy R. Flynn Alexandra B. Proaps Smruti J. Shah Katelyn Procci Clint Bowers SA Technologies Inc. Old Dominion University Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center US Army Research Laboratory – Human Research and Engineering Directorate Simulation and Training Technology Center University of Central Florida Institute for Simulation & Training University of Central Florida RETRO Lab

With the constant push to do more for less, the use of virtual environments (VE), simulations and serious games has exploded. human Factors (HF) personnel often use these tools to support a range of activities, including modeling process or the effects of humans in the system; designing, testing and validating new systems and processes; training skills, procedures and techniques; and even for therapeutic activities. This session will describe and demonstrate some of the diverse uses for virtual environments (VEs) in an alternate demonstration format. The session will begin with demonstrators providing a brief description of their VE, and how they’ve used it to answer a critical research question or address a unique need, including a video demonstration of the VE in action. After these introductions, all demonstrations will be set up around the room, and session attendees can move around the room for direct interaction with the demonstrations. This session should provoke ideas among attendees for how VEs, simulations and serious games can help address their research, training, education, evaluation or therapeutic needs.

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Medical virtual reality simulation: Enhancing safety through practicing medicine without patients

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Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology 2004年第3期38卷 225-228页

作者： Scerbo, Mark W. Dept. of Human Factors Psychology Old Dominion University United States National Center for Collaboration Medical Modeling and Simulation Norfolk VA United States

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Probabilistically predicting penetrating injury for decision support

Probabilistically predicting penetrating injury for decision...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems

作者： O. Ogunyemi B. Webber J.R. Clarke Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Surgery Allegheny University of the Health Sciences Philadelphia PA USA

Examines an approach for integrating 3D structural reasoning, using computer models of the human anatomy, with diagnostic reasoning based on Bayesian networks in order to probabilistically predict injuries to anatomic structures from gunshot wounds. An interactive 3D graphical system has been created which allows the user to visualize different bullet path hypotheses and computes the probability that an anatomical structure associated with a given penetration path is injured. The probabilities derived are essential for mediating between structural reasoning and diagnostic reasoning.

关键词： Injuries Wounds Anatomical structure Medical services Bayesian methods Computational modeling Surgery human anatomy Computer graphics Computer networks

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The S & T eco-system: Pressures from kindergarten to globalization

The S & T eco-system: Pressures from kindergarten to globali...

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2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Richey, Michael Newton, Paul Stephens, Rick Backus, George McPherson, Barry Boeing Company FAA AMTAS Center of Excellent University of Washington A and A Department Aircraft Structures Composite and Manufacturing Certificate Programs Modeling and Simulation Group Strategic Projects and Analysis Boeing Company Complex Systems Analysis and Simulation Group Phantom Works Boeing Company Human Resources and Administration Boeing Company University of Southern California Department of Healthcare Orange County Business Council Sandia National Labs. Exploratory Simulation Department Sandia National Laboratories Boeing - Learning Training and Development

The National Academies' 2007 report "Rising Above the Gathering Storm": Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future," was a response to a bipartisan request by Congress. It proposes a coordinated set of policy actions consisting of four recommendations and twenty specific actions to "enhance the science and technology (S&T) enterprise so that the United States can successfully compete, prosper, and be secure in the global community of the 21st century." Early chapters of the report describe the authors' perceptions of the structure and behavior of the S&T eco-system that led to the report's recommended set of policy actions. The S&T eco-system structure in the report includes global forces that affect U.S. employment;U.S. K-12 education, higher education, corporate research, and federal funding for physical sciences and engineering research;U.S. reactions to 9/11 including visa policies, export controls, and sensitive but unclassified information;as well as underlying U.S. attitudes that influence the behavior of these structures. This report has become the nucleation point for the broad debate on the future of US prosperity and its international policy ramifications. Formal simulation of the logic within the report can test the validity and efficacy of proposed measures. This paper utilizes the report to illustrate a method for assessing 1) the reality of the hypothesized problem, 2) proposed solutions, and 3) the most promising areas of future discourse. The conceptual model described herein attempts to simulate general tendency behaviors and is not intended to capture the complete science and technology ecosystem. Instead it is the authors' intent to describe the learning opportunity by first modeling the relevant "whole" system with a very broad brush, and then co-develop with other industry, academic, and government stakeholders, a causal structure which captures the relevant system in more detail. Such a multi-stakeholder co-development mod

关键词： Engineering education

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