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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： A. Bloomfield Yu Deng J. Wampler P. Rondot D. Harth M. McManus N. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania USA Deployment and Sustainment Division (AFRL/HES) Air Force Research Laboratory USA GE Global Research Center USA

The usefulness of modern day haptics equipment for virtual simulations of actual maintenance actions is examined. In an effort to categorize which areas haptic simulations may be useful, we have developed a taxonomy for haptic actions. This classification has two major dimensions: the general type of action performed and the type of force or torque required. Building upon this taxonomy, we selected three representative tasks from the taxonomy to evaluate in a virtual reality simulation. We conducted a series of human subject experiments to compare user performance and preference on a disassembly task with and without haptic feedback using CyberGlove, Phantom, and SpaceMouse interfaces. Analysis of the simulation runs shows Phantom users learned to accomplish the simulated actions significantly more quickly than did users of the CyberGlove or the SpaceMouse. Moreover, a lack of differences in the post-experiment questionnaire suggests that haptics research should include a measure of actual performance speed or accuracy rather than relying solely on subjective reports of a device's ease of use.

关键词： Taxonomy Haptic interfaces Data gloves Imaging phantoms Analytical models Torque Virtual reality humans Feedback Velocity measurement

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Posture interpolation with collision avoidance

Posture interpolation with collision avoidance

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Computer Animation

作者： N.I. Badler R. Bindiganavale J.P. Granieri S. Wei Zinmin Zhao Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia PA USA

While interpolating between successive postures of an articulated figure is not mathematically difficult, it is much more useful to provide postural transitions that are behaviorally reasonable and that avoid collisions with nearby objects. We describe such a posture interpolator which begins with a number of pre-defined static postures. A finite state machine controls the transitions from any posture to a goal posture by finding the shortest path of required motion sequences between the two. If the motion between any two postures is not collision free, a collision avoidance strategy is invoked and the posture is changed to one that satisfies the required goal while respecting object and agent integrity.< >

关键词： Interpolation Collision avoidance Animation humans Computational modeling Whales Motion control Biological system modeling Mathematics Physics

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Formational parameters and adaptive prototype instantiation for MPEG-4 compliant gesture synthesis

Formational parameters and adaptive prototype instantiation ...

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Computer Animation

作者： B. Hartmann M. Mancini C. Pelachaud Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Australia Department of Computer and System Science University of Rome E2809CLa SapienzaE2809D Italy

This paper introduces Gesture Engine, an animation system that synthesizes human gesturing behaviors from augmented conversation transcripts using a database of highlevel gesture definitions. An abstract scripting language to specify hand-arm gestures is introduced that incorporates knowledge from sign language research, psycholinguistics, and traditional keyframe animation. A new planning algorithm instantiates and adjusts gestures according to communicative context and temporal constraints obtained from a speech synthesizer The system animates an MPEG-4 compliant skeleton using Body Animation Parameters.

关键词： Prototypes Animation Engines humans Databases Handicapped aids Psychology Context Speech synthesis Synthesizers

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Situation assessment through collaborative human-computer interaction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第4期108卷 41-51页

作者： Kushnier, SD Heithecker, CH Ballas, JA McFarlane, DC Scott Kushnier:is an engineer at the Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster Pennsylvania where he has worked for the past seven years. He earned an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Delaware in 1994. Scott has worked on projects in automated classification plan recognition interface design and modeling & simulation to support various aspects of the Naval Air Warfare mission. He is interested in humun-computer interaction artificial intelligence natural language pvocessing modeling & simulation and open systems architectures. Jim Ballas:is a scientist at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence at the Naval Research Lab. He has a Ph.D. in Applied Experimental Psychology has been active in seueral areas of human-computer systems design and integration and has forty-two publications and technical reports. Prior to his position at NRL. he held faculty appointments at Georgetown and George Mason University. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of America the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and Sigma Xi. He served in U.S. Army Intelligence and was awarded the Bronze Star for service in Vietnam.

Data fusion has been characterized as taking place at four levels oi abstraction: the unit level, the situation level, the threat level, and the resource allocation level. A unit level characterization tries to pin down the attributes of individual platform objects, At the situation level, organized groups of units, such as battle groups, are explored. At the threat level and resource allocation level, reasoning about possible enemy intentions and possible responses is undertaken. Little work, however has been done concerning some of the higher levels of abstraction, namely the force and threat levels. This paper presents an approach toward situation assessment which includes explicit conceptualizations of forces and threats. Graphical representations of these forces and threats are designed to enhance the unit level depiction without obscuring it. This paper explores a novel style of user interface-one designed to allow collaboration between the person and the machine, enabling a tactical assessment which is superior to one in which either the person or the machine works in isolation. The paper will then describe a natural division of responsibilities between person and machine and illustrate the benefit of such a collaborative system in light of an example based on a warfare scenario.

关键词： human computer interaction

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A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for human modeling

A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for Human Modeling

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IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis)

作者： M. Bender R. Klein A. Ebert H. Rodrian Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Company KG Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Germany

Modern web-based Scientific Visualization applications try to overcome common limitations imposed by limited internet bandwidth, server bottlenecks or network latency. A further aspect is the desire to gain platform independence by solely using instruments which are platform independent by conception: the programming language Java, the Virtual Reality modeling Language (VRML), or the 3D API *** present a prototype of a hybrid web-based Scientific Visualization system which makes use of the increasing computational power of modern desktop workstations and personal computers on the client side, and the superior performance provided by a powerful machine on the server side. In order to achieve high interaction rates and to balance computational load the user can dynamically assign selected tasks to his client or to the *** the scientific field of human modeling we have implemented a hybrid web-based toolkit for the modeling of human muscles and skin. Our application allows the on-line generation and manipulation of three-dimensional implicit muscle models in a heterogeneous network and it offers various parameters to adjust computation and response time versus rendering quality.

关键词： humans Visualization Delay Java Muscles IP networks Bandwidth Network servers Web server Performance gain

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Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NOx emissions in China since 2020

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 287-293页

作者： Hui Li Bo Zheng Yu Lei Didier Hauglustaine Cuihong Chen Xin Lin Yi Zhang Qiang Zhang Kebin He Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation and Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100041China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaBeijing 100094China Institute of Future Human Habitats Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Nitrogen oxides(NOx),significant contributors to air pollution and climate change,form aerosols and ozone in the ***,timely,and transparent information on NOx emissions is essential for decision-making to mitigate both haze and ozone ***,a comprehensive understanding of the trends and drivers behind anthropogenic NOx emissions from Chinadthe world's largest emitterdhas been lacking since 2020 due to delays in emissions *** we show a consistent decline in China's NOx emissions from 2020 to 2022,despite increased fossil fuel consumption,utilizing satellite observations as constraints for NOx emission estimates through atmospheric *** reduction is corroborated by data from two independent spaceborne instruments:the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI)and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI).Notably,a reduction in transport emissions,largely due to the COVID-19 lockdowns,slightly decreased China's NOx emissions in *** subsequent years,2021 and 2022,reductions in NOx emissions were driven by the industry and transport sectors,influenced by stringent air pollution *** satellite-based inversion system developed in this study represents a significant advancement in the real-time monitoring of regional air pollution emissions from space.

关键词： China's NOx emissions Pollution control Socio-economic drivers Atmospheric inversion

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Path planning for coherent and persistent groups

Path planning for coherent and persistent groups

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Tianyu Huang Mubbasir Kapadia Norman I. Badler Marcelo Kallmann School of Software Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA School of Engineering University of California Merced CA USA

This paper addresses the problem of group path planning while maintaining group coherence and persistence. Group coherence ensures that a group minimizes both longitudinal and lateral dispersion, and is achieved with the introduction of a deformation penalty to the cost formulation. When the deformation penalty is significantly high, a group may split and later merge. Group persistence is modeled by introducing split and merge actions in the action space, and adding a split penalty to the cost measure. We formulate the problem domain (state, action space, and cost formulation), present our path planning approach for coherent and persistent groups, and provide empirical results demonstrating the capabilities of our method on a variety of challenging scenarios.

关键词： Coherence Shape Path planning Educational institutions Merging Dispersion Deformable models

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Brain Chains as Topological Signatures for Alzheimer’s Disease

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Goodbrake, Christian Beers, David Thompson, Travis B. Harrington, Heather A. Goriely, Alain Mathematical Institute University of Oxford United Kingdom Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation Oden Institute The University of Texas Austin United States Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University United States

Topology is providing new insights for neuroscience. For instance, graphs, simplicial complexes, directed graphs, flag complexes, persistent homology and convex covers have been used to study functional brain networks, synaptic connectivity, and hippocampal place cell codes. We propose a topological framework to study the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The modeling of this disease starts with the representation of the brain connectivity as a graph and the seeding of a toxic protein in a specific region represented by a vertex. Over time, the accumulation of toxic proteins at vertices and their propagation along edges are modeled by a dynamical system on this graph. These dynamics provide an order on the edges of the graph according to the damage created by high concentrations of proteins. This sequence of edges defines a filtration of the graph. We consider different filtrations given by different disease seeding locations. To study this filtration we propose a new combinatorial and topological method. A filtration defines a maximal chain in the partially ordered set of spanning subgraphs ordered by inclusion. To identify similar graphs, and define a topological signature, we quotient this poset by graph homotopy equivalence, which gives maximal chains in a smaller poset. We provide an algorithm to compute this direct quotient without computing all subgraphs and then propose bounds on the total number of graphs up to homotopy equivalence. To compare the maximal chains generated by this method, we extend Kendall’s dK metric for permutations to more general graded posets and establish bounds for this metric. We then demonstrate the utility of this framework on actual brain graphs by studying the dynamics of tau proteins on the structural connectome. We show that the proposed topological brain chain equivalence classes distinguish different simulated subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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The effects of severity of losses of well clear on minimum operations performance standards end-to-end verification and validation simulation study for integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system using detect and avoid systems

The effects of severity of losses of well clear on minimum o...

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AIAA Information Systems-AIAA Infotech at Aerospace, 2018

作者： Ghatas, Rania W. Tsakpinis, Dimitrios Sturdy, James L. Jack, Devin P. Myer, Robert R. DeHaven, Anna M. NASA Langley Research Center Human/Machine Systems Research Engineer Crew Systems and Aviation Operations Branch Mail Stop 152 HamptonVA23681 United States SAIC Inc Modeling/Simulation Engineer Principal NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 152 HamptonVA23681 United States Adaptive Aerospace Group HamptonVA23513 United States Research and Development Engineer Adaptive Aerospace Group Inc 100 Exploration Way Suite 330 HamptonVA23666 United States Craig Technologies Inc NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 152 HamptonVA23681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624105272

As Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) make their way to mainstream aviation operations within the National Airspace System (NAS), research efforts are underway to develop a safe and effective environment for their integration into the NAS. Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems are required to account for the lack of '‘eyes in the sky’' due to having no human on-board the aircraft. The technique, results, and lessons learned from a detailed End-to-End Verification and Validation (E2-V2) simulation study of a DAA system representative of RTCA Special Committee(SC)-228‘s proposed Phase I DAA Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS), based on specific test vectors and encounter cases, will be presented in this paper. © 2018 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Anatomical and physiological simulation for respiratory mechanics

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Journal of image guided surgery 1995年第3期1卷 164-71页

作者： J Kaye F P Primiano D Metaxas Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6389 USA. kaye@linc.cis.upenn.edu

Injuries in trauma affect anatomical structures, indirectly affecting physiological systems through mechanical behavior and physical proximity. This paper describes the theory for and preliminary results from our approach to couple a three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical model of the chest with a physiological model of respiratory mechanics. In particular, we investigated behavior in quiet, normal breathing and in an open, sucking chest wound. We envision that our integrated simulation of respiratory anatomy and respiratory mechanics could assist students in visualizing and predicting relationships between structural-anatomical and functional-physiological changes in an interactive, 3-D environment.

关键词： anatomical simulation respiratory mechanics chest model breathing

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