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作者： Zhang, Yu Badler, Norman I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania IEEE Computer Society ACM SIGGRAPH Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania

This paper presents a new region-based method for automatically synthesizing varied, natural looking 3D human face models by morphing local facial features according to intuitive control parameters. We automatically compute a one-to-one vertex correspondence among the unregistered face scans in a large database by deforming a generic mesh to fit the specific person's face geometry in a global-to-local fashion. With the obtained correspondence, we transform the generated data sets of feature shapes into vector space representations. We parameterize the example models using the face anthropometric measurements that reflect the facial physical structure, and predefine the interpolation functions for the parameterized example models based on radial basis functions. At runtime, the interpolation functions are evaluated to efficiently generate the appropriate feature shape by taking the anthropometric parameters as input. We use a shape blending approach for generating a seamlessly deformed mesh around the feature region boundary. The correspondence among all example textures is established by parameterizing the 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the example textures. Our 3D face synthesis method has several advantages: (1) it regulates the naturalness of synthesized faces, maintaining the quality existing in the real face examples;(2) the region-based morphing and comprehensive face shape and texture control parameters allow more diverse faces to be generated readily;and (3) the automatic runtime face synthesis is efficient in time complexity and performs fast. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Face recognition

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Embodied agents and meaningful motion

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2nd International Conference on Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment, TIDSE 2004

作者： Badler, Norman I. Computer and Information Science Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104-6389 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540222839

We examine motion realism in terms of salient communicative features. We argue that motion is amenable to a parameterization based on Laban Movement Analysis that yields real-time control over motion qualities, and that these qualities carry discernable and useful non-verbal information about the character’s personality or emotional state. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Real time control

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Exploring agent-supported simulation brokering on the semantic Web: foundations for a dynamic composability approach

Exploring agent-supported simulation brokering on the semant...

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simulation Winter Conference

作者： L. Yilmaz T.I. Oren Auburn Modeling & Simulation Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aubum University Auburn AL USA Ottawa Center of the MISS School of Information Technology and Engineering SITE University of Ottawa Ottawa ONT Canada

Federated simulations address the need for interoperability, as well as the improvement of reuse and composability. The focal goal in a federated simulation is to facilitate composable simulations by standardizing interfaces to assure technical interoperability among disparate simulations. Yet, existing federated simulation infrastructures neither facilitate substantive interoperability nor are dynamically extensible. Emergent Web services technologies hold out the potential to significantly improve the development of interoperable, extensible, and dynamically composable federations. As such, recent initiatives (i.e., XMSF) are urging the use of open standards that can be applied within an extensible framework for next generation modeling and simulation applications. We discuss how the realization of multimodel and multisimulation formalisms in terms of semantic Web and agent technologies may bring new vistas to demonstrate runtime model discovery, instantiation, composition, and interoperation.

关键词： Semantic Web Runtime Ontologies Computational modeling computer simulation Microstrip Service oriented architecture Laboratories computer science information technology

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Behavioral anticipation in agent simulation

Behavioral anticipation in agent simulation

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simulation Winter Conference

作者： T.I. Oren L. Yilmaz Ottawa Center of the MISS School of Information Technology and Engineering (SITE) University of Ottawa Ottawa ONT Canada Auburn Modeling & Simulation Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aubum University Auburn AL USA

In this article, the following is done: (1) a systematic and comprehensive classification of input is given and the relevance of perception as an important type of input in intelligent systems is pointed out, (2) a categorization of perception is given and anticipation is presented as a type of perception, (3) the inclusion of anticipation in simulation studies is clarified and other aspects of perceptions in simulation studies especially in conflict situations are elaborated.

关键词： Character generation Predictive models Message passing Sensor fusion Computational modeling computer simulation Organisms Decoding Digital filters Passive filters

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Real-time reach planning for animated characters using hardware acceleration

Real-time reach planning for animated characters using hardw...

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computer Animation

作者： Ying Liu N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania USA

We present a heuristic-based real-time reach planning algorithm for virtual human figures. Given the start and goal positions in a 3D workspace, our problem is to compute a collision-free path that specifies all the configurations for a human arm to move from the start to the goal. Our algorithm consists of three modules: spatial search, inverse kinematics, and collision detection. For the search module, instead of searching in joint configuration space like most existing motion planning methods do, we run a direct search in the workspace, guided by a heuristic distance-to-goal evaluation function. The inverse kinematics module attempts to select natural posture configurations for the arm along the path found in the workspace. During the search, candidate configurations will be checked for collisions taking advantage of the graphics hardware-depth buffer. The algorithm is fast and easy to implement. It allows real-time planning not only in static, structured environments, but also in dynamic, unstructured environments. No preprocessing and prior knowledge about the environment is required. Several examples are shown illustrating the competence of the planner at generating motion plans for a typical human arm model with seven degrees of freedom.

关键词： Animation Hardware Acceleration humans computer graphics Motion planning Application software Computational modeling computer simulation Kinematics

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human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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Representing and parameterizing agent behaviors

Representing and parameterizing agent behaviors

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computer Animation

作者： N. Badler J. Allbeck Liwei Zhao M. Byun Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The last few years have seen great maturation in understanding how to use computer graphics technology to portray 3D embodied characters or virtual humans. Unlike the off-line, animator-intensive methods used in the special effects industry, real-time embodied agents are expected to exist and interact with us "live." They can be represent other people or function as autonomous helpers, teammates, or tutors enabling novel interactive educational and training applications. We should be able to interact and communicate with them through modalities we already use, such as language, facial expressions, and gesture. Various aspects and issues in real-time virtual humans will be discussed, including consistent parameterizations for gesture and facial actions using movement observation principles, and the representational basis for character believability, personality, and affect. We also describe a Parameterized Action Representation (PAR) that allows an agent to act, plan, and reason about its actions or actions of others. Besides embodying the semantics of human action, the PAR is designed for building future behaviors into autonomous agents and controlling the animation parameters that portray personality, mood, and affect in an embodied agent.

关键词： Animation humans Autonomous agents Computational modeling computer simulation information science computer graphics Industrial training Buildings Mood

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Formational parameters and adaptive prototype instantiation for MPEG-4 compliant gesture synthesis

Formational parameters and adaptive prototype instantiation ...

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computer Animation

作者： B. Hartmann M. Mancini C. Pelachaud Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Australia Department of Computer and System Science University of Rome E2809CLa SapienzaE2809D Italy

This paper introduces Gesture Engine, an animation system that synthesizes human gesturing behaviors from augmented conversation transcripts using a database of highlevel gesture definitions. An abstract scripting language to specify hand-arm gestures is introduced that incorporates knowledge from sign language research, psycholinguistics, and traditional keyframe animation. A new planning algorithm instantiates and adjusts gestures according to communicative context and temporal constraints obtained from a speech synthesizer The system animates an MPEG-4 compliant skeleton using Body Animation Parameters.

关键词： Prototypes Animation Engines humans Databases Handicapped aids Psychology Context Speech synthesis Synthesizers

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Conceptions of curriculum for simulation education

Conceptions of curriculum for simulation education

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simulation Winter Conference

作者： H. Szczerbicka J. Banks R.V. Rogers T.I. Oren H.S. Sarjoughian B.P. Zeigler Institute for Computer Science Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik University of Hannover Hanover Germany AutoSimulations A Brooks Automation company Marietta GA USA Department of Engineering Management Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA Turkish Science and Technical Research Council Marmara Research Center Information Technologies Research and Development Center Gebze Kocaeli Turkey Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

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Dynamic autonomous agents: game applications

Dynamic autonomous agents: game applications

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computer Animation

作者： S. Goldenstein E. Large D. Metaxas Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Presents a method for the generation of real-time dynamic autonomous agents in game environments. The method is based on the use of dynamical systems theory which allows us to express intelligent behaviors using systems of differential equations. These differential equations operate at two distinct levels. At one level, the differential equations governing movement comprise a carefully designed set of attractor-repeller fields. At a second level, behavior selection is modeled using a competition dynamics that determines the relevant contributions to the movement dynamics at each time instant. Thus, our autonomous agents are capable of exhibiting useful behaviors in complex environments. Using this approach, we are able to demonstrate, in real time, behaviors such as single and multiple target tracking with both stationary and moving obstacles.

关键词： Autonomous agents Equations Nonlinear dynamical systems Animation Application software humans Computational modeling computer simulation information science Programmable logic arrays

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