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computer Animation

作者： S. Goldenstein E. Large D. Metaxas Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Presents a method for the generation of real-time dynamic autonomous agents in game environments. The method is based on the use of dynamical systems theory which allows us to express intelligent behaviors using systems of differential equations. These differential equations operate at two distinct levels. At one level, the differential equations governing movement comprise a carefully designed set of attractor-repeller fields. At a second level, behavior selection is modeled using a competition dynamics that determines the relevant contributions to the movement dynamics at each time instant. Thus, our autonomous agents are capable of exhibiting useful behaviors in complex environments. Using this approach, we are able to demonstrate, in real time, behaviors such as single and multiple target tracking with both stationary and moving obstacles.

关键词： Autonomous agents Equations Nonlinear dynamical systems Animation Application software humans Computational modeling computer simulation information science Programmable logic arrays

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Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

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Pacific Conference on computer Graphics and Applications

作者： Liwei Zhao N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Gesture and speech are two very important behaviors for virtual humans. They are not isolated from each other but generally employed simultaneously in the service of the same intention. An underlying PaT-Net parallel finite state machine may be used to coordinate them both. Gesture selection is not arbitrary. Typical movements correlated with specific textual elements are used to select and produce gesticulation online. This enhances the expressiveness of speaking virtual humans.

关键词： humans Kinematics Speech synthesis Computational modeling computer simulation information science Avatars Concrete Shape Turning

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Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

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作者： Chi, Diane M. Kokkevis, Evangelos Ogunyemi, Omolola Bindiganavale, Rama Hollick, Michael J. Clarke, John R. Webber, Bonnie L. Badler, Norman I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania 200 S. 33rd Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States

The MediSim system extends virtual environment technology to allow medical personnel to interact with and train on simulated casualties. The casualty model employs a three-dimensional animated human body that displays appropriate physical and behavioral responses to injury and/or treatment. Medical corpsmen behaviors were developed to allow the actions of simulated medical personnel to conform to both military practice and medical protocols during patient assessment and stabilization. A trainee may initiate medic actions through a mouse and menu interface;a VR interface has also been created by Stansfield's research group at Sandia National Labs. © 1997 The authors.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Real-time virtual humans

Real-time virtual humans

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Pacific Conference on computer Graphics and Applications

作者： N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The last few years have seen great maturation in the computation speed and control methods needed to portray 3D virtual humans that are suitable for real interactive applications. We first describe the state of the art, then focus on the particular approach taken at the University of Pennsylvania with the Jack system. Various aspects of real-time virtual humans are considered, such as their appearance and motion, interactive control, autonomous actions, gestures, attention, locomotion and multiple individuals. The underlying architecture consists of a sense-control-act structure that permits reactive behaviors to be locally adaptive to the environment, and a PaT-Net (parallel transition network) parallel-finite-state machine controller that can be used to drive virtual humans through complex tasks. We then argue for a deep connection between language and animation and describe current efforts in linking them through two systems: the Jack Presenter and the JackMOO extension to lambdaMOO. Finally, we outline a parameterized action representation for mediating between language instructions and animated actions.

关键词： humans Biological system modeling Computational modeling Application software Lifting equipment Animation Embedded computing Avatars Shape computer simulation

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A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

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1997 Scientific Visualization Conference, dagstuhl 1997

作者： Bender, M. Klein, R. Ebert, A. Rodrian, H. Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Co. KG Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769505031

Modern web-based Scientific Visualization applications try to overcome common limitations imposed by limited internet bandwidth, server bottlenecks or network latency. A further aspect is the desire to gain platform independence by solely using instruments which are platform independent by conception: the programming language Java, the Virtual Reality modeling Language (VRML), or the 3D API *** present a prototype of a hybrid web-based Scientific Visualization system which makes use of the increasing computational power of modern desktop workstations and personal computers on the client side, and the superior performance provided by a powerful machine on the server side. In order to achieve high interaction rates and to balance computational load the user can dynamically assign selected tasks to his client or to the *** the scientific field of human modeling we have implemented a hybrid web-based toolkit for the modeling of human muscles and skin. Our application allows the on-line generation and manipulation of three-dimensional implicit muscle models in a heterogeneous network and it offers various parameters to adjust computation and response time versus rendering quality. © 1997 IEEE computer Society.

关键词： Heterogeneous networks

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A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for human modeling

A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for Human Modeling

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IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis)

作者： M. Bender R. Klein A. Ebert H. Rodrian Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Company KG Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Germany

关键词： humans Visualization Delay Java Muscles IP networks Bandwidth Network servers Web server Performance gain

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： human engineering

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Linking anatomy and physiology in modeling respiratory mechanics

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Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1996年 29卷 580-589页

作者： Kaye, J. Metaxas, D. Badler, N. Clarke, J. Webber, B. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States

We present an integrated 3D virtual environment for the quantitative modeling of the anatomy and the physiology of the pulmonary system. Our approach formally integrates 3D deformable object modeling with conventional models of respiratory mechanics. We demonstrate quantitatively, aspects of the behavior of the respiratory system qualitatively known to clinicians, such as normal quiet breathing and an open sucking chest wound. Our methodology is general and can be used to model both the anatomy and the physiology at many levels of detail. Another important aspect of our approach is that based on our previously developed computer vision techniques we can make such a simulation patient specific. The usefuleness of such a system is manifold. Medical education, surgical planning, disease diagnosis are some of the many areas such a system can be applied. © The authors 1996.

关键词： Medical education

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MediSim: simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medical forces planning and training

MediSim: simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medic...

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Proceedings of the National Forum on Military Telemedicine On-Line Today, "Research, Practice, and Opportunities"

作者： N.I. Badler J.R. Clarke M.J. Hollick E. Kokkevis D.N. Metaxas R. Bindiganavale B.L. Webber D.M. Chi N. Foster O. Ogunyemi J. Kaye Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The MediSim system extends virtual environments (both local and network) to represent simulated medical personnel interacting with simulated casualties. Our technology fosters dual-use applications involving planning, training, and evaluation of both medical corpsmen and civilian EMTs. Behaviors and behavioral control are being developed for the medical corpsmen that will enable their actions on the digital battlefield to conform to both military practice and medical protocols. From situationally-appropriate injury models, a set of physical and behavioral manifestations in a simulated casualty will be determined and portrayed on a three-dimensional body.

关键词： Medical simulation Injuries Computational modeling humans computer simulation Biological system modeling Avatars Virtual environment Medical control systems Personnel

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Posture interpolation with collision avoidance

Posture interpolation with collision avoidance

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computer Animation

作者： N.I. Badler R. Bindiganavale J.P. Granieri S. Wei Zinmin Zhao Center for Human Modeling and Simulation University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia PA USA

While interpolating between successive postures of an articulated figure is not mathematically difficult, it is much more useful to provide postural transitions that are behaviorally reasonable and that avoid collisions with nearby objects. We describe such a posture interpolator which begins with a number of pre-defined static postures. A finite state machine controls the transitions from any posture to a goal posture by finding the shortest path of required motion sequences between the two. If the motion between any two postures is not collision free, a collision avoidance strategy is invoked and the posture is changed to one that satisfies the required goal while respecting object and agent integrity.< >

关键词： Interpolation Collision avoidance Animation humans Computational modeling Whales Motion control Biological system modeling Mathematics Physics

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