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5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 1998

作者： Oviatt, Sharon Kuhn, Karen Center for Human-Computer Communication Department of Computer Science Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology P.O. Box 91000 PortlandOR97291 United States Al Tech Corp. BostonMA United States

The present report outlines differences between multimodal and unimodal communication patterns in linguistic features associated with ease of dialogue tracking and ambiguity resolution. A simulation method was used to collect data while participants used spoken, pen-based, or multimodal input during spatial tasks with a dynamic system. Users' linguistic constructions were analyzed for differences in the rates of reference, co-reference, definite and indefinite referring expressions, and deictic terms. Differences also were summarized in the prevalence of linguistic indirection. Results indicate that spoken language contains substantially higher levels of referring and co-referring expressions and also linguistic indirection, compared with multimodal language communicated by the same users completing the same task. In contrast, multimodal language not only has fewer referential expressions and relatively little anaphora, it also specifically lacks the regular use of determiners observed in spoken definite and indefinite noun phrases. In addition, multimodal language is distinct in its high levels of deictic reference. Implications of these findings are discussed for the relative ease of natural language processing for speech-only versus multimodal systems. © 1998. 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 1998. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linguistics

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PadPrints: graphical multiscale Web histories 98

PadPrints: graphical multiscale Web histories

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Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology

作者： Ron R. Hightower Laura T. Ring Jonathan I. Helfman Benjamin B. Bederson James D. Hollan Computer Science Department University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM Computer Science Department. Human-Computer Interaction Lab University of Maryland Cognitive Science Department University of California San Diego

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781581130348

No abstract available.

关键词： multiscale interfaces Web Browser Web navigation zooming user interface hypertext World Wide Web information visualization Pad++

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The end of zero-hit queries: Query previews for NASA's global change master directory

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International Journal on Digital Libraries 1998年第2-3期2.0卷 79-90页

作者： Greene, Stephan Tanin, Egemen Plaisant, Catherine Shneiderman, Ben Olsen, Lola Major, Gene Johns, Steve Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies College Park MD 20742 A.V. Williams building United States Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 A.V. Williams building United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20770 Code 902 United States Global Change Master Directory Raytheon ITSS Lanham MD 20706 4500 Forbes Blvd United States

The human-computer interaction Laboratory (HCIL) of the University of Maryland and NASA have collaborated over three years to refine and apply user interface research concepts developed at HCIL in order to improve the usability of NASA data services. The research focused on dynamic query user interfaces, visualization, and overview + preview designs. An operational prototype, using query previews, was implemented with NASA's Global Change Master Directory (GCMD), a directory service for earth science datasets. Users can see the histogram of the data distribution over several attributes and choose among attribute values. A result bar shows the cardinality of the result set, thereby preventing users from submitting queries that would have zero hits. Our experience confirmed the importance of metadata accuracy and completeness. The query preview interfaces make visible the problems or gaps in the metadata that are undetectable with classic form fill-in interfaces. This could be seen as a problem, but we think that it will have a long-term beneficial effect on the quality of the metadata as data providers will be compelled to produce more complete and accurate metadata. The adaptation of the research prototype to the NASA data required revised data structures and algorithms. © Springer-Verlag 1999.

关键词： Browsing Earth science Graphical user interface Metadata Query preview

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Two-Handed Virtual Manipulation

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ACM Transactions on computer-human interaction 1998年第3期5卷 260-302页

作者： Hinckley, Ken Pausch, Randy Proffitt, Dennis Kassell, Neal F. Microsoft Research Redmond One Microsoft Way WA 98052 United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science School of Design Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh 5000 Forbes Avenue PA 15213-3891 United States Department of Psychology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 United States Virginia Neurological Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 United States

We discuss a two-handed user interface designed to support three-dimensional neurosurgical visualization. By itself, this system is a “point design,” an example of an advanced user interface technique. In this work, we argue that in order to understand why interaction techniques do or do not work, and to suggest possibilities for new techniques, it is important to move beyond point design and to introduce careful scientific measurement of human behavioral principles. In particular, we argue that the common-sense viewpoint that “two hands save time by working in parallel” may not always be an effective way to think about two-handed interface design because the hands do not necessarily work in parallel (there is a structure to two-handed manipulation) and because two hands do more than just save time over one hand (two hands provide the user with more information and can structure how the user thinks about a task). To support these claims, we present an interface design developed in collaboration with neurosurgeons which has undergone extensive informal usability testing, as well as a pair of formal experimental studies which investigate behavioral aspects of two-handed virtual object manipulation. Our hope is that this discussion will help others to apply the lessons learned in our neurosurgery application to future two-handed user interface designs. © 1998, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bimanual asymmetry Design Experimentation haptic input human Factors input devices Measurement three-dimensional interaction two-handed interaction virtual manipulation

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Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans

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Pacific Conference on computer Graphics and Applications

作者： Liwei Zhao N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Gesture and speech are two very important behaviors for virtual humans. They are not isolated from each other but generally employed simultaneously in the service of the same intention. An underlying PaT-Net parallel finite state machine may be used to coordinate them both. Gesture selection is not arbitrary. Typical movements correlated with specific textual elements are used to select and produce gesticulation online. This enhances the expressiveness of speaking virtual humans.

关键词： humans Kinematics Speech synthesis Computational modeling computer simulation Information science Avatars Concrete Shape Turning

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Dynamic autonomous agents: game applications

Dynamic autonomous agents: game applications

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computer Animation

作者： S. Goldenstein E. Large D. Metaxas Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Presents a method for the generation of real-time dynamic autonomous agents in game environments. The method is based on the use of dynamical systems theory which allows us to express intelligent behaviors using systems of differential equations. These differential equations operate at two distinct levels. At one level, the differential equations governing movement comprise a carefully designed set of attractor-repeller fields. At a second level, behavior selection is modeled using a competition dynamics that determines the relevant contributions to the movement dynamics at each time instant. Thus, our autonomous agents are capable of exhibiting useful behaviors in complex environments. Using this approach, we are able to demonstrate, in real time, behaviors such as single and multiple target tracking with both stationary and moving obstacles.

关键词： Autonomous agents Equations Nonlinear dynamical systems Animation Application software humans Computational modeling computer simulation Information science Programmable logic arrays

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Transcription of broadcast news-some recent improvements to IBM's LVCSR system

Transcription of broadcast news-some recent improvements to ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L. Polymenakos P. Olsen D. Kanvesky R.A. Gopinath P.S. Gopalakrishnan S. Chen Human Language Technologies Computer Science Department IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA

This paper describes extensions and improvements to IBM's large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system for transcription of broadcast news. The recognizer uses an additional 35 hours of training data over the one used in the 1996 Hub4 evaluation. It includes a number of new features: optimal feature space for acoustic modeling (in training and/or testing), filler-word modeling, Bayesian information criterion (BIC) based segment clustering, an improved implementation of iterative MLLR and 4-gram language models. Results using the 1996 DARPA Hub4 evaluation data set are presented.

关键词： Broadcasting Speech enhancement Speech analysis Maximum likelihood linear regression Bandwidth Speech recognition Training data Acoustic testing Vocabulary Telephony

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Cognitive, performance, and systems issues for augmented reality applications in manufacturing and maintenance

Cognitive, performance, and systems issues for augmented rea...

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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： U. Neumann A. Majoros Computer Science Department Integrated Media Systems Center University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Human Factors Technology Advanced Transport Aircraft Systems Boeing Aerospace Company Long Beach CA USA

This paper presents cognitive studies and analyses relating to how augmented reality (AR) interacts with human abilities in order to benefit manufacturing and maintenance tasks. A specific set of applications is described in detail, as well as a prototype system and the software library that it is built upon. An integrated view of information flow to support AR is also presented, along with a proposal for an AR media language (ARML) that could provide interoperability between various AR implementations.

关键词： Augmented reality Application software humans computer aided manufacturing computer integrated manufacturing Pulp manufacturing Psychology Aircraft Performance analysis Information retrieval

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A strategy of motor learning using adjustable parameters for arm movement

A strategy of motor learning using adjustable parameters for...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： M. Katayama S. Inoue M. Kawato Bio-mimetic Coiitrol Research Center RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Corporation Japan Department of Information and Computer Sciences Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi Japan Department 3 ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories Japan

This paper presents a strategy of motor learning that acquires an internal model of the arm by using adjustable parameters for arm movement. This strategy gradually adjusts the parameters, such as the speed of an arm movement and the viscoelastic property values of the arm in the learning process. Learning control based on such a strategy eliminates a few weak points in many types of learning control models which have been proposed in the last decade. We will ascertain the efficiency of the proposed strategy by computer simulation using a mathematical model of the human arm.

关键词： Viscosity Elasticity Neurofeedback Feedback control Mechanical factors Muscles Laboratories Process control computer simulation Mathematical model

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Evaluating a multimedia authoring tool

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Journal of the Association for Information science and Technology 1998年第11期48卷

作者： Bonnie E. John Matthew M. Mashyna Human-Computer Interaction Institute and the Departments of Computer Science and Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 Software Engineering Program and Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213

We present a detailed case study of a computer scientist learning and using the Cognitive Walkthrough (CW) technique to assess a multimedia authoring tool. We then compare the predictions produced by the analysis to the usability problems actually found in empirical usability tests. In this case, the concepts of Cognitive Walkthrough were learnable by the analyst who had little prior training in psychology or human-computer interaction, flexible enough for the analyst to make reasonable modifications to the technique to fit the design situation, but disappointingly ineffective in predicting actual user problems. We present several hypotheses about the cause of low effectiveness, which suggest that additional knowledge, currently tacit in CW-experts, could be used to improve the technique. In addition, the emergent picture of the process this evaluator went through to produce his analysis sets realistic expectations for other novice analysts who contemplate learning and using Cognitive Walkthroughs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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