We present an integrated 3D virtual environment for the quantitative modeling of the anatomy and the physiology of the pulmonary system. Our approach formally integrates 3D deformable object modeling with conventional...
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Kushnier, SDHeithecker, CHBallas, JAMcFarlane, DCScott Kushnier:is an engineer at the Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster
Pennsylvania where he has worked for the past seven years. He earned an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Delaware in 1994. Scott has worked on projects in automated classification plan recognition interface design and modeling & simulation to support various aspects of the Naval Air Warfare mission. He is interested in humun-computer interaction artificial intelligence natural language pvocessing modeling & simulation and open systems architectures. Jim Ballas:is a scientist at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence at the Naval Research Lab. He has a Ph.D. in Applied Experimental Psychology
has been active in seueral areas of human-computer systems design and integration and has forty-two publications and technical reports. Prior to his position at NRL. he held faculty appointments at Georgetown and George Mason University. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of America the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and Sigma Xi. He served in U.S. Army Intelligence and was awarded the Bronze Star for service in Vietnam.
Data fusion has been characterized as taking place at four levels oi abstraction: the unit level, the situation level, the threat level, and the resource allocation level. A unit level characterization tries to pin do...
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Data fusion has been characterized as taking place at four levels oi abstraction: the unit level, the situation level, the threat level, and the resource allocation level. A unit level characterization tries to pin down the attributes of individual platform objects, At the situation level, organized groups of units, such as battle groups, are explored. At the threat level and resource allocation level, reasoning about possible enemy intentions and possible responses is undertaken. Little work, however has been done concerning some of the higher levels of abstraction, namely the force and threat levels. This paper presents an approach toward situation assessment which includes explicit conceptualizations of forces and threats. Graphical representations of these forces and threats are designed to enhance the unit level depiction without obscuring it. This paper explores a novel style of user interface-one designed to allow collaboration between the person and the machine, enabling a tactical assessment which is superior to one in which either the person or the machine works in isolation. The paper will then describe a natural division of responsibilities between person and machine and illustrate the benefit of such a collaborative system in light of an example based on a warfare scenario.
This paper generalizes and unifies well-known results on modulated filter banks (MFBs) and modulated wavelet tight frames (MWTFs). It classifies MFBs based on the discrete cosine or sine transforms that they are assoc...
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This paper generalizes and unifies well-known results on modulated filter banks (MFBs) and modulated wavelet tight frames (MWTFs). It classifies MFBs based on the discrete cosine or sine transforms that they are associated with. By proper choice of the form of modulation the perfect reconstruction (PR) conditions are seen to be (surprisingly) identical for all classes of MFBs. This has the interesting consequence that optimal MFB prototype designs can be shared across MFB classes. For some classes of MFBs associated MWTFs do not exist, while for others they do. The results cover both orthogonal and biorthogonal MFBs; and the filters could be arbitrary sequences in l/sup 2/(Z).
The human Genome Project poses severe challenges in database design and implementation. These include comprehensive coverage of diverse data domains and user constituencies; robustness in the presence of incomplete, i...
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The human Genome Project poses severe challenges in database design and implementation. These include comprehensive coverage of diverse data domains and user constituencies; robustness in the presence of incomplete, inconsistent and multi-version data; accessibility through many levels of abstraction, and scalability in content and organizational complexity. The paper presents a new data model developed to meet these challenges by the Utah center for human Genome Research. The central characteristics are: (i) a high level data model comprising five broadly applicable workflow notions; (ii) representation of those notions as objects in an extended relational model; (iii) expression of working database schemas as meta data in administration tables; (iv) population of the database through tables dependent on the meta data tables; and (v) implementation via a conventional relational database management system. The authors explore two advantages of this approach: the resulting representational flexibility, and the reflective use of meta data to accomplish schema evolution by ordinary updates. Implementation and performance pragmatics of this work are sketched, as well as implications for future database development.
The trend towards systems that support a rich variety of interaction techniques has consequences for the traditional understanding of software design practice. Formal approaches to software development have mainly foc...
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The trend towards systems that support a rich variety of interaction techniques has consequences for the traditional understanding of software design practice. Formal approaches to software development have mainly focused on design expressions that avoid explicit discussion of interactive behaviour. The emphasis in rigorous development is on transforming a mathematical specification into an implementation through a series of valid refinement steps. However, any design process for interactive systems must also add user oriented requirements. It is suggested that a suitable concern for human factors can be folded into a rigorous development process by generalising from functional models and refinement to models that provide multiple viewpoints onto the design artefacts. The paper provides an overview of the relevant perspectives and describes work aimed at integrating them within the specification phase of software development.
interaction objects (interactors) are abstract structures that provide a link between rigorous approaches to software development and user-oriented aspects of interaction. The focus of the paper is on the second role ...
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interaction objects (interactors) are abstract structures that provide a link between rigorous approaches to software development and user-oriented aspects of interaction. The focus of the paper is on the second role of interactors;in particular, how a formal model of interaction can be used to classify and clarify various properties of interactive behaviour that are important from a user-oriented viewpoint, The formal model used in this discussion abstracts away from distinctions between states, events, and renderings;when needed, these concepts are introduced as various projections on the basic model.
Methods for ohserving software users in the workplace will hecome increasingly important as the numher of people using computers grows and developers improve existing systems. Successful redesigns rely, in part, on co...
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This paper reviews the state of research linking formal specification and interactive systems. An appreciation of humancomputerinteraction has become increasingly important within Software Engineering. As systems ha...
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This paper describes recent work concerned with the specification of requirements on interactive systems and the definition of user-level properties of such systems. A formal notation for describing and reasoning abou...
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This paper describes an approach to the incremental and iterative analysis of requirements for safety-critical systems. Safety strategies are developed to ensure that hazard states are avoided and the system's int...
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This paper describes an approach to the incremental and iterative analysis of requirements for safety-critical systems. Safety strategies are developed to ensure that hazard states are avoided and the system's integrity is maintained in the presence of failures in the system components. The approach supports an understanding of human error and the formulation of human error tolerance requirements ensuring that safety is preserved in the presence of user errors. The approach is illustrated with an example from the aerospace industry.
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