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interaction science SIG: Overcoming challenges

Interaction science SIG: Overcoming challenges

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32nd Annual ACM Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2014

作者： Howes, Andrew Cairns, Paul Cowan, Benjamin R. Hornof, Anthony J. Janssen, Christian P. Payne, Stephen J. Cox, Anna L. Pirolli, Peter School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom Dept. of Computer Science University of York United Kingdom Dept. of Computer and Information Science University of Orgeon United States Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute San Francisco United States Computer Science University of Bath Bath United Kingdom UCL Interaction Centre University College London United Kingdom Palo Alto Research Center Inc. Palo Alto CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324748

Over the past 30 years science has played a key role in shaping and advancing research in human-computer interaction. Informed in part by methods, theories and findings from the behavioral sciences and from computer science, scientific contributions to HCI have provided explanations of how and why people interact through and with technology. We argue that the contribution of science to HCI could be enhanced if key challenges are met. During a SIG meeting we will discuss the challenges and potential responses and set an agenda for the coming years.

关键词： human computer interaction

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Diverse trajectory planning for UAV control displays

Diverse trajectory planning for UAV control displays

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12th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems 2013, AAMAS 2013

作者： Tožička, Jan Balata, Jan Míkovec, Zdeněk Agent Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science Prague Czech Republic Department of Computer Graphics and Interaction FEE Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781627487665

Current UAV control systems can plan optimal trajectories with respect to predefined constraints (waypoints, no-fly zones). However when the operator is not satisfied with planned trajectories it is usually very complicated to force the system to change the trajectories in desired way. In this demonstration we solve this problem by innovative UAV control display based on diverse planning algorithm. Copyright © 2013, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Segmenting vs. chunking rules: Unsupervised ITG induction via minimum conditional description length

Segmenting vs. chunking rules: Unsupervised ITG induction vi...

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9th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP 2013

作者： Saers, Markus Addanki, Karteek Wu, Dekai Human Language Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

We present an unsupervised learning model that induces phrasal inversion transduction grammars by introducing a minimum conditional description length (CDL) principle to drive search over a space defined by two opposing extreme types of ITGs. Our approach attacks the difficulty of acquiring more complex longer rules when inducing inversion transduction grammars via unsupervised bottom-up chunking, by augmenting its model search with top-down segmentation that minimizes CDL, resulting in significant translation accuracy gains. Chunked rules tend to be relatively short;long rules are hard to learn through chunking, as the smaller parts of the long rules may not necessarily be good translations themselves. Our objective criterion is a conditional adaptation of the notion of description length, that is conditioned on a fixed preexisting model, in this case the initial chunked ITG. The notion of minimum CDL (MCDL) facilitates a novel strategy for avoiding the pitfalls of premature pruning in chunking approaches, by incrementally splitting an ITG with reference to a second ITG that conditions this search.

关键词： Bacteriophages

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Unsupervised Transduction Grammar Induction via Minimum Description Length 2

Unsupervised Transduction Grammar Induction via Minimum Desc...

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2nd Workshop on Hybrid Approaches to Translation, HyTra 2013, co-located with the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2013

作者： Saers, Markus Addanki, Karteek Wu, Dekai Human Language Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284633

We present a minimalist, unsupervised learning model that induces relatively clean phrasal inversion transduction grammars by employing the minimum description length principle to drive search over a space defined by two opposing extreme types of ITGs. In comparison to most current SMT approaches, the model learns a very parsimonious phrase translation lexicons that provide an obvious basis for generalization to abstract translation schemas. To do this, the model maintains internal consistency by avoiding use of mismatched or unrelated models, such as word alignments or probabilities from IBM models. The model introduces a novel strategy for avoiding the pitfalls of premature pruning in chunking approaches, by incrementally splitting an ITG while using a second ITG to guide this search. © 2013 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Bacteriophages

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Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Search for Unsupervised Induction of Transduction Grammars 7

Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Search for Unsupervised Ind...

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7th Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation, SSST 2013

作者： Saers, Markus Addanki, Karteek Wu, Dekai Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Human Language Technology Center Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284473

We show that combining both bottom-up rule chunking and top-down rule segmentation search strategies in purely unsupervised learning of phrasal inversion transduction grammars yields significantly better translation accuracy than either strategy alone. Previous approaches have relied on incrementally building larger rules by chunking smaller rules bottomup;we introduce a complementary top-down model that incrementally builds shorter rules by segmenting larger rules. Specifically, we combine iteratively chunked rules from Saers et al. (2012) with our new iteratively segmented rules. These integrate seamlessly because both stay strictly within a pure transduction grammar framework inducing under matching models during both training and testing-instead of decoding under a completely different model architecture than what is assumed during the training phases, which violates an elementary principle of machine learning and statistics. To be able to drive induction top-down, we introduce a minimum description length objective that trades off maximum likelihood against model size. We show empirically that combining the more liberal rule chunking model with a more conservative rule segmentation model results in significantly better translations than either strategy in isolation. ©2013 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Bacteriophages

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Learning bilingual categories in unsupervised inversion transduction grammar induction 13

Learning bilingual categories in unsupervised inversion tran...

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13th International Conference on Parsing Technologies, IWPT 2013

作者： Saers, Markus Wu, Dekai Human Language Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

We present the first known experiments incorporating unsupervised bilingual nonterminal category learning within end-to-end fully unsupervised transduction grammar induction using matched training and testing models. Despite steady recent progress, such induction experiments until now have not allowed for learning differentiated nonterminal categories. We divide the learning into two stages: (1) a bootstrap stage that generates a large set of categorized short transduction rule hypotheses, and (2) a minimum conditional description length stage that simultaneously prunes away less useful short rule hypotheses, while also iteratively segmenting full sentence pairs into useful longer categorized transduction rules. We show that the second stage works better when the rule hypotheses have categories than when they do not, and that the proposed conditional description length approach combines the rules hypothesized by the two stages better than a mixture model does. We also show that the compact model learned during the second stage can be further improved by combining the result of different iterations in a mixture model. In total, we see a jump in BLEU score, from 17.53 for a standalone minimum description length baseline with no category learning, to 20.93 when incorporating category induction on a Chinese-English translation task. © 2013 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parsing Technologies, IWPT 2013. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mixtures

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Development and validation of a 3D kinematic-based method for determining gait events during overground walking

Development and validation of a 3D kinematic-based method fo...

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International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D)

作者： Mohamed Boutaayamou Cédric Schwartz Vincent Denoël Bénédicte Forthomme Jean-Louis Croisier Gaëtan Garraux Jacques G Verly Olivier Brüls Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science INTELSIG Laboratory ULg Liège Belgium Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis University of Liège (ULg). Liège Belgium Movere Group_Cyclotron Research Center ULg Liège Belgium Department of Neurology University Hospital Center Liège Belgium

A new signal processing algorithm is developed for quantifying heel strike (HS) and toe-off (TO) event times solely from measured heel and toe coordinates during overground walking. It is based on a rough estimation of relevant local 3D position signals. An original piecewise linear fitting method is applied to these local signals to accurately identify HS and TO times without the need of using arbitrary experimental coefficients. We validated the proposed method with nine healthy subjects and a total of 322 trials. The extracted temporal gait events were compared to reference data obtained from a force plate. HS and TO times were identified with a temporal accuracy ± precision of 0.3 ms ± 7.1 ms, and -2.8 ms ± 7.2 ms in comparison with reference data defined with a force threshold of 10 N. This algorithm improves the accuracy of the HS and TO detection. Furthermore, it can be used to perform stride-by-stride analysis during overground walking with only recorded heel and toe coordinates.

关键词： Force Legged locomotion Three-dimensional displays Signal processing algorithms Accuracy Fitting Force measurement

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Unsupervised rhyme scheme identification in hip hop lyrics using hidden Markov models

Unsupervised rhyme scheme identification in hip hop lyrics u...

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1st International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing, SLSP 2013

作者： Addanki, Karteek Wu, Dekai Human Language Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9783642395925

We attack a woefully under-explored language genre-lyrics in music-introducing a novel hidden Markov model based method for completely unsupervised identifica-tion of rhyme schemes in hip hop lyrics, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first such effort. Unlike previous approaches that use supervised or semi-supervised approaches for the task of rhyme scheme identification, our model does not assume any prior phonetic or labeling information whatsoever. Also, unlike previous work on rhyme scheme identification, we attack the difficult task of hip hop lyrics in which the data is more highly unstructured and noisy. A novel feature of our approach comes from the fact that we do not manually segment the verses in lyrics according to any pre-specified rhyme scheme, but instead use a number of hidden states of varying rhyme scheme lengths to automatically impose a soft segmentation. In spite of the level of difficulty of the challenge, we nevertheless were able to obtain a surprisingly high precision of 35.81% and recall of 57.25% on the task of identifying the rhyming words, giving a total f-score of 44.06%. These encouraging results were obtained in the face of highly noisy data, lack of clear stanza segmentation, and a very wide variety of rhyme schemes used in hip hop. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Iterative rule segmentation under minimum description length for unsupervised transduction grammar induction

Iterative rule segmentation under minimum description length...

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1st International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing, SLSP 2013

作者： Saers, Markus Addanki, Karteek Wu, Dekai Human Language Technology Center Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9783642395925

We argue that for purely incremental unsupervised learning of phrasal inversion transduction grammars, a minimum description length driven, iterative top-down rule segmentation approach that is the polar opposite of Saers, Addanki, and Wu's previous 2012 bottom-up iterative rule chunking model yields significantly better translation accuracy and grammar parsimony. We still aim for unsupervised bilingual grammar induction such that training and testing are optimized upon the same exact underlying model-a basic principle of machine learning and statistical prediction that has become unduly ignored in statistical machine translation models of late, where most decoders are badly mismatched to the training assumptions. Our novel approach learns phrasal translations by recursively subsegmenting the training corpus, as opposed to our previous model-where we start with a token-based transduction grammar and iteratively build larger chunks. Moreover, the rule segmentation decisions in our approach are driven by a minimum description length objective, whereas the rule chunking decisions were driven by a maximum likelihood objective. We demonstrate empirically how this trades off maximum likelihood against model size, aiming for a more parsimonious grammar that escapes the perfect overfitting to the training data that we start out with, and gradually generalizes to previously unseen sentence translations so long as the model shrinks enough to warrant a looser fit to the training data. Experimental results show that our approach produces a significantly smaller and better model than the chunking-based approach. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Bacteriophages

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Embedding participatory design into designs for learning: An Untapped Interdisciplinary Resource?

Embedding participatory design into designs for learning: An...

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10th International Conference on computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, CSCL 2013

作者： Bonsignore, Elizabeth Ahn, June Clegg, Tamara Guha, Mona Leigh Yip, Jason C. Druin, Allison Hourcade, Juan Pablo University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab. 2117 Hornbake Bldg College Park MD 20742 United States Dept. of Computer Science University of Iowa 14 MacLean Hall Iowa City IA 52242 United States

Given the rapid evolution of social networks and online communities, interest in participatory cultures - online and offline social spaces with low barriers to entry and support for creating and sharing knowledge - is increasing. Design-based research (DBR) that invites children to share in the process of designing the technologies that support their learning is a natural extension of this participatory cultures movement. In this symposium, we establish a rationale for using Participatory Design (PD) techniques that can inform and enrich the process of designing technologies that support collaborative learning. We provide empirical examples from our own research of the ways in which PD can be incorporated into learner-centered technology designs. Our experiences demonstrate that PD is not only a key contributor in the design of learning technologies themselves, it can also be valuable resource that sheds light on the learning processes of the children who use them. © ISLS.

关键词： Design

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