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arXiv 2020年

作者： Song, Guanglu Liu, Yu Zang, Yuhang Wang, Xiaogang Leng, Biao Yuan, Qingsheng SenseTime X-Lab Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing100191 National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China

The small receptive field and capacity of minimal neural networks limit their performance when using them to be the backbone of detectors. In this work, we find that the appearance feature of a generic face is discriminative enough for a tiny and shallow neural network to verify from the background. And the essential barriers behind us are 1) the vague definition of the face bounding box and 2) tricky design of anchor-boxes or receptive field. Unlike most top-down methods for joint face detection and alignment, the proposed KPNet detects small facial keypoints instead of the whole face by in the bottom-up manner. It first predicts the facial landmarks from a low-resolution image via the well-designed fine-grained scale approximation and scale adaptive soft-argmax operator. Finally, the precise face bounding boxes, no matter how we define it, can be inferred from the keypoints. Without any complex head architecture or meticulous network designing, the KPNet achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on generic face detection and alignment benchmarks with only ∼ 1M parameters, which runs at 1000fps on GPU and is easy to perform real-time on most modern front-end chips. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Face recognition

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Lessons Learned from Assessing Trustworthy AI in Practice

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Digital Society 2023年第3期2卷 1-25页

作者： Vetter, Dennis Amann, Julia Bruneault, Frédérick Coffee, Megan Düdder, Boris Gallucci, Alessio Gilbert, Thomas Krendl Hagendorff, Thilo van Halem, Irmhild Hickman, Eleanore Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Kringen, Pedro Madai, Vince I. Wiinblad Mathez, Emilie Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Computational Vision and Artificial Intelligence Lab Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Am Main Germany Z-Inspection® Initiative Venice Italy Health Ethics and Policy Lab ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Strategy and Innovation Careum Foundation Zurich Switzerland Philosophie Departement Collège André-Laurendeau Montréal Canada École Des Médias Université du Québec À Montréal Montréal Canada Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York City USA Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Digital Life Initiative Cornell Tech New York City USA Cluster of Excellence “Machine Learning: New Perspectives for Science” University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany School of Law University of Bristol Bristol UK Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA Department of Business Management and Analytics Arcada University of Applied Sciences Helsinki Finland Department of Food & Resource Economics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland QUEST Centre for Responsible Research Berlin Institute of Health Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Faculty of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University Birmingham UK Parallel Computing Labs Intel Santa Clara USA School of Economics Innovation and Technology Kristiania University College Oslo Norway Data Science Graduate School Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Building artificial intelligence (AI) systems that adhere to ethical standards is a complex problem. Even though a multitude of guidelines for the design and development of such trustworthy AI systems exist, these guidelines focus on high-level and abstract requirements for AI systems, and it is often very difficult to assess if a specific system fulfills these requirements. The Z-Inspection® process provides a holistic and dynamic framework to evaluate the trustworthiness of specific AI systems at different stages of the AI lifecycle, including intended use, design, and development. It focuses, in particular, on the discussion and identification of ethical issues and tensions through the analysis of socio-technical scenarios and a requirement-based framework for ethical and trustworthy AI. This article is a methodological reflection on the Z-Inspection® process. We illustrate how high-level guidelines for ethical and trustworthy AI can be applied in practice and provide insights for both AI researchers and AI practitioners. We share the lessons learned from conducting a series of independent assessments to evaluate the trustworthiness of real-world AI systems, as well as key recommendations and practical suggestions on how to ensure a rigorous trustworthiness assessment throughout the lifecycle of an AI system. The results presented in this article are based on our assessments of AI systems in the healthcare sector and environmental monitoring, where we used the framework for trustworthy AI proposed in the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI by the European Commission’s High-Level Expert Group on AI. However, the assessment process and the lessons learned can be adapted to other domains and include additional frameworks.

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Feasibility Analysis for Cooperative Interception of Hypersonic Maneuvering Target

Feasibility Analysis for Cooperative Interception of Hyperso...

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第三十八届中国控制会议

作者： Dong Guo Xiwang Dong Dingdong Li Zhang Ren School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University

This paper presents a feasibility analysis method for cooperative interception of hypersonic maneuvering target. Firstly, the dynamic model for cooperative interception is established. Secondly, for the characteristics of high-speed and bounded maneuverability of hypersonic targets, the analytical calculation methods for minimum and maximum flight time are proposed. Then, a coverage-based feasibility analysis method for cooperative interception is given, and the cooperative interception zone calculation method is illustrated. Finally, through numerical simulations, the reachable regions and the arrival time distribution for interceptors and target are calculated, and the cooperative interception zone is further obtained. The proposed method can also provide reference for the design of cooperative guidance method.

关键词： Cooperative interception cooperative attack zone feasibility analysis terminal guidance hypersonic

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Rely-Guarantee Reasoning about Messaging System for Autonomous Vehicles

Rely-Guarantee Reasoning about Messaging System for Autonomo...

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Theoretical Aspects of Software engineering (TASE)

作者： Wenjing Xu Yongwang Zhao Dianfu Ma YuXin Zhang Qian Xiao State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang Univerisity Beijing China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control College of Automotive Engineering Jilin University Jilin China School of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China

Messaging system as a communicating infrastructure is a safety-critical component of autonomous vehicles. For the purpose of safety certification of Level 4 autonomous driving systems, its necessary to provide a formally verified specification of messaging systems. This paper presents a realistic case study using the PiCore rely-guarantee framework to formally verify the DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) of UISEE autonomous driving systems. We first create an axiom model of messaging systems by extending PiCore, which is reusable for concrete applications. The model supports dynamic configuration of message buffers as well as the automatic generation of the rely and guarantee conditions for compositional reasoning. It is instantiated when developing the formal specification of DGPS. Then, we use the rely-guarantee proof system of PiCore to verify the functional correctness and invariant of DGPS. The specification and its proof provide a strong evidence for the ongoing safety certification of DGPS.

关键词： Cognition Safety Formal specifications Vehicle dynamics Autonomous vehicles Certification Global Positioning System

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Surface Modification of (001) Facets Dominated TiO2 with Ozone for Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Toluene

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2019年第5期32卷 611-619页

作者： Yue Yang Zhi-yu Wang Fan Zhang Yi Fan Jing-jing Dong Song Sun Chen Gao Jun Bao National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing 100191 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei 230601 China Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101407 China

This study investigated the positive effect of surface modification with ozone on the photocatalytic performance of anatase TiO2 with dominated（001） facets for toluene *** performance of photocatalyst was tested on a home-made volatile organic compounds degradation system. The ozone modification, toluene adsorption and degradation mechanism were established by a combination of various characterization methods, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy, and density functional theory *** surface modification with ozone can significantly enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance for toluene. The abundant unsaturated coordinated 5 c-Ti sites on（001）facets act as the adsorption sites for ozone. The formed Ti–O bonds reacted with H2O to generate a large amount of isolated Ti5 c-OH which act as the adsorption sites for toluene,and thus significantly increase the adsorption capacity for toluene. The outstanding photocatalytic performance of ozone-modified TiO2 is due to its high adsorption ability for toluene and the abundant surface hydroxyl groups, which produce very reactive OH·radicals under irradiation. Furthermore, the O2 generated via ozone dissociation could combine with the photogenerated electrons to form superoxide radicals which are also conductive to the toluene degradation.

关键词： Ozone modification (001) Facets Toluene degradation TiO2 In situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy

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A novel data glove design with parallelogram structure based on linkage mechanism of human hand

A novel data glove design with parallelogram structure based...

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CSAA/IET International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS 2020)

作者： Z. Chen J. Zhou S. Wang P. Zhang C. Zhang S. Huang Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing China Case Western Reseerve University The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cleveland U.S.A. Beihang University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big-Data Based Precision Medicine Beijing China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering Beijing China

In this paper, a noval type of data glove is designed based on the principle of parallelogram, which aims to detect gestures in real time. In addition to the flexion and extension angles, this glove can detect the adduction and abduction angles of each finger. Because the overall structure of this data glove is optimized according to the linkage mechanism among joints of human hand. The data glove has the advantages of simple structure, convenient wearing, light weight and good comfort. The glove is composed of four parts: framework, bearings, connecting rods and potentiometers. The framework and connecting rods are respectively made of photosensitive resin and laser cut carbon fiber board. Potentiometers are installed on the bearings to detect the angle of rotation. In this paper, kinematic modeling of human hand is carried out. When knowing the rotation angles of each joint of human hand, the posture of the hand can be calculated by the model. Finally, the data glove is tested on the wearer's hand. Angles of each joint measured by the data glove is compared with the actual angles to verify the accuracy and feasibility of this design.

关键词： resins data gloves gesture recognition laser beam cutting biomechanics potentiometers rods (structures) kinematics

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Optimal Multi-User Scheduling for the Unbalanced Full-Duplex Buffer-Aided Relay Systems

Optimal Multi-User Scheduling for the Unbalanced Full-Duplex...

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作者： Li, Cheng Hu, Pihe Yao, Yao Xia, Bin Chen, Zhiyong Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Institute of Wireless Communication Technologies Shanghai200240 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Shanghai201206 China Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Multi-User scheduling is challenging due to the channel unbalance problem, which leads to system performance degradation. In this paper, two optimal multi-user scheduling schemes maximizing the system throughput are proposed for the fixed and adaptive power transmission scenarios of the full-duplex (FD) multi-user buffer-Aided relay system, respectively. Independent and non-identically distributed (***.d.) model is used to characterize the unbalanced channels of different links. In particular, the optimal weight factor of each pair is designed based on the statistical channel state information in both scenarios. With the weight factors, the proposed schemes are able to balance the throughput gaps between different links. In addition, we propose an optimal power allocation scheme with closed-form expressions under average power constraint for the adaptive power transmission scenario. By combining the optimal weight factor and the power allocation scheme, novel optimal selection function is obtained to facilitate the selection process. Considering the specific ***.d. Rayleigh fading, the system throughput is further derived in both cases. Theoretical analysis is verified by the numerical simulations and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed schemes. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Rayleigh fading

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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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data combination for problem-solving: A case of an open data exchange platform

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hayashi, Teruaki Sakaji, Hiroki Matsushima, Hiroyasu Fukami, Yoshiaki Shimizu, Takumi Ohsawa, Yukio Department of Systems Innovation School of Engineering University of Tokyo Japan Center for Data Science Education and Research Shiga University Japan Graduate school of Media and Governance Keio University Department of Management Faculty of Economics Gakushuin University Japan Graduate School of Business and Finance Waseda University Japan

In recent years, rather than enclosing data within a single organization, exchanging and combining data from different domains has become an emerging practice. Many studies have discussed the economic and utility value of data and data exchange, but the characteristics of data that contribute to problem solving through data combination have not been fully understood. In big data and interdisciplinary data combinations, large-scale data with many variables are expected to be used, and value is expected to be created by combining data as much as possible. In this study, we conduct three experiments to investigate the characteristics of data, focusing on the relationships between data combinations and variables in each dataset, using empirical data shared by the local government. The results indicate that even datasets that have a few variables are frequently used to propose solutions for problem solving. Moreover, we found that even if the datasets in the solution do not have common variables, there are some well-established solutions to the problems. The findings of this study shed light on mechanisms behind data combination for problem-solving involving multiple datasets and variables. © 2020, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Electronic data interchange

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The Si/Al ratios effect on Fe-aluminosilicate from red mud for sustainable green diesel production

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Molecular Catalysis 2025年 584卷

作者： Eka Putra Ramdhani Eko Santoso Stella Jovita Riki Subagyo Rustam Tamim Ingelia Yuan Fernanda Holilah Holilah Reva Edra Nugraha Hasliza Bahruji Suprapto Suprapto Nurul Asikin-Mijan Didik Prasetyoko Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Data Analytics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Maritime Technology Raja Ali Haji Maritime University Senggarang Tanjungpinang 29100 Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong 16911 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Surabaya East Java 60294 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jl. Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia

Red mud conversion into Fe-aluminosilicate catalysts offers a route to sustainable catalyst production while providing efficient industrial waste management. Variation of Si/Al ratios (25, 50, 75) alters the mesoporosity and acidity of Fe-aluminosilicate, with the morphology varied from amorphous crystallites to well-defined mesopores. Si/Al ratios of 50 (RM-CTA.50) formed mesoporous channels with ∼2.39 nm size and a high surface area of 786 m 2 /g. Increasing the Si/Al ratio to 75 expanded the diameter of mesoporous channels to ∼3.94 nm, while the mesoporosity was less developed at Si/Al of 25. Catalytic pyrolysis of waste cooking oil achieved 99.25 % conversion with 59.64 % liquid yield when using RM-CTA.50, significantly improved from red mud at only 7.61 % liquid yield. The selectivity to liquid hydrocarbon products relied on Si/Al ratios, achieving 98 % green diesel yield on Si/Al = 50. This study demonstrates the successful modification of red mud to form mesopores Fe-aluminosilicate, achieving high catalytic activity for efficient and sustainable green diesel production from waste cooking oil.

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