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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： J. Mason Harding Haatef Pourmotabbed Yamin Li Kimberly Rogge-Obando Kate Wang Sarah E. Goodale Shiyu Wang Camden Bibro Bergen Allee Caroline Martin Victoria L. Morgan Dario J. Englot Catie Chang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Neuroscience Graduate Program Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

EEG and fMRI are complementary, noninvasive technologies for investigating human brain function. These modalities have been used to uncover large-scale functional networks and their disruptions in clinical populations. Given the high temporal resolution of EEG and high spatial resolution of fMRI, integrating these modalities can provide a more holistic understanding of brain activity. This work explores a multimodal source decomposition technique for extracting shared modes of temporal variation between fMRI BOLD signals and EEG spectral power fluctuations in the resting state. The resulting components are then compared between patients with focal epilepsy and controls, revealing multimodal network differences between groups.

关键词： Neuroimaging brain Fluctuations Epilepsy Functional magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalography Pattern recognition Hemodynamics Spatial resolution Signal resolution

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PICK1 links KIBRA and AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 in coiled-coil-driven supramolecular complexes

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Journal of Biological Chemistry 2025年第5期301卷 108397页

作者： Shao, Xin Volk, Lenora Department of Neuroscience UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States Neuroscience Graduate Program UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States Department of Psychiatry UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute Investigator UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States

The human memory-associated protein KIBRA regulates synaptic plasticity and trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, and is implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. How KIBRA forms complexes with and regulates AMPA receptors remains unclear. Here, we show that KIBRA does not interact directly with the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2, but that protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1), a key regulator of AMPA receptor trafficking, can serve as a bridge between KIBRA and GluA2. In contrast, KIBRA can form a complex with GluA1 independent of PICK1. We identified structural determinants of KIBRA-PICK1-AMPAR complexes by investigating interactions and cellular expression patterns of different combinations of KIBRA and PICK1 domain mutants. We find that the PICK1 BAR domain, a coiled-coil structure, is sufficient for interaction with KIBRA, whereas mutation of the PICK1 BAR domain disrupts KIBRA-PICK1-GluA2 complex formation. In addition, KIBRA recruits PICK1 into large supramolecular complexes, a process which requires KIBRA coiled-coil domains. These findings reveal molecular mechanisms by which KIBRA can organize key synaptic signaling complexes. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Molecular recognition

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VEGF family in cortical development

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Discover neuroscience 2025年第1期20卷 1-20页

作者： Halim, Alexander Kuo, Hung-Chih Hou, Pei-Shan Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience College of Life Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Brain Science College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been extensively recognized as a crucial angiogenic factor that regulates both physiological and pathological blood vessel development in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Emerging evidence indicates that VEGF and its receptors are also expressed in various non-EC types. Studies have shown that VEGF is secreted by neuroepithelial cells during neural tube formation in mouse embryonic day 8.5. This suggests that VEGF may have functions beyond angiogenesis, particularly in brain development. Additionally, the disruption of VEGF signaling has been linked to the development of cerebral cortical malformations, further supporting the potential role of VEGF in brain development. In this review, we summarize studies that elucidate the roles of VEGF signaling in regulating embryonic cortical neural progenitor expansion during early embryogenesis. We then explore the VEGF functions in promoting cortical neurogenesis and discuss the impact of the VEGF family on the regulation of the cerebrovascular system and cortical gliogenesis. Finally, we elaborate on the significance of the VEGF family in cortical-related disorders, noting that both deficiency and excessive expression of VEGF can adversely affect cortical development, resulting in cortical malformations. Overall, this review presents an updated and comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted regulatory roles of the VEGF family in the embryonic brain, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of brain development.

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Measuring motor awareness and metacognition at the start, middle, and end of a reaching movement

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Consciousness and Cognition 2025年 132卷 103878页

作者： Oancea, Gabriela Maniscalco, Brian Peters, Megan A.K. Chapman, Craig S. Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Cognitive Sciences University of California Irvine Irvine CA United States Center for the Theoretical Behavioral Sciences University of California Irvine Irvine CA United States Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory University of California Irvine Irvine CA United States Program in Brain Mind & Consciousness Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto ON Canada

The ability to monitor our arm position during goal-directed behaviour allows us to bring our limb to a target as accurately as possible. Despite our success in executing accurate movements, some work suggests that individuals have limited access to information about their limb position. However, other evidence from metacognition research indicates that people have some access to details about their movements. In these studies, individuals are asked to rate their confidence after making judgements about their movements and tend to give higher confidence ratings when they are correct, showing some capacity for self-monitoring. These conflicting results suggest that we may not be able to monitor an entire movement from start to end. In the current study, participants (n = 50) made reaching movements toward targets on a screen. They were then visually presented with two movement paths: one being their actual trajectory and the other being a visually deviated version. Here, we manipulated the location that the deviation was implemented (i.e., start, middle, or end of the path). Participants were then asked to determine which trajectory was their own, while also rating their confidence in their response. Overall, accuracy was lower than expected. Nevertheless, accuracy was significantly lower when deviations occurred at the start of the reach, indicating that awareness of limb position is further reduced at the start of a movement. Additionally, participants were able to metacognitively monitor their movements because their confidence scaled with their accuracy in the task. Finally, differences in metacognitive processes between locations were found, with higher average confidence in the middle of a movement when accuracy was held constant. We conclude that people have a remarkable blindness to the properties of their own movements. As well, monitoring of a limb is significantly reduced at the start of a movement suggesting reduced attention to limb position at this time

关键词： Consciousness Metacognition Motor awareness Motor metacognition Reaching movement

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Clusterin induced by OPC phagocytosis blocks IL-9 secretion to inhibit myelination in a model of Alzheimer's disease

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Heliyon 2025年第1期11卷 e41635页

作者： Beiter, Rebecca M. Raghavan, Tula P. Suchocki, Olivia Ennerfelt, Hannah E. Rivet-Noor, Courtney R. Merchak, Andrea R. Phillips, Jennifer L. Bathe, Tim Lukens, John R. Prokop, Stefan Dupree, Jeffrey L. Gaultier, Alban Center for Brain Immunology and Glia Department of Neuroscience Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Department of Neurobiology UMass Chan Medical School Worcester 01655 MA United States Medical Scientist Training Program University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville 32610 FL United States Department of Pathology College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville 32610 United States McKnight Brain Institute College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville 32610 FL United States Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond 23298 VA United States

Background: Variants in the CLUSTERIN gene have been identified as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and are linked to decreased white matter integrity in healthy adults. However, the specific role for clusterin in myelin maintenance in the context of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. Methods: We employed a combination of immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques, primary culture of OPCs, and an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Results: We found that phagocytosis of debris such as amyloid beta, myelin, and apoptotic cells, increases clusterin expression in oligodendrocyte progenitors. We further discovered that exposure to clusterin inhibits differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors. Mechanistically, clusterin blunts production of IL-9 and addition of exogenous IL-9 can rescue clusterin-inhibited myelination. Lastly, we demonstrate that clusterin deletion in mice prevents myelin loss in the 5XFAD model. Discussion: Our data suggest that clusterin could play a key role in Alzheimer's disease myelin pathology. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Astrocyte Clusterin IL-9 Myelin Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

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The emerging role of microbiota derived SCFAs in neurodegenerative disorders

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 2025年 46卷 101012-101012页

作者： Samuel Wachamo Alban Gaultier Department of Neuroscience University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Center for Brain Immunology and Glia University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Medical Scientist Training Program School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), the bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging research highlights how gut microbiota dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbial community, is linked to the etiology and pathology of these conditions. Microbiota dysbiosis leads to changes in the production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can cross the intestinal barrier and influence the brain either directly or indirectly. Understanding the mechanisms by which dysfunction in the MGBA contributes to neurodegeneration opens potential avenues for novel therapeutic strategies, including microbiota-targeted interventions. This review introduces the MGBA, discusses the role of SCFAs within the MGBA in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and suggests future research directions.

关键词： Microbiota Microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) Dysbiosis Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Neurodegenerative disorders

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Towards bio-inspired place recognition over multiple spatial scales

Towards bio-inspired place recognition over multiple spatial...

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2013 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2013

作者： Chen, Zetao Jacobson, Adam Erdem, Uʇur M. Hasselmo, Michael E. Milford, Michael School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queensland University of Technology Australia Center for Memory and Brain and Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780980740448

This paper presents a new multi-scale place recognition system inspired by the recent discovery of overlapping, multi-scale spatial maps stored in the rodent brain. By training a set of Support Vector Machines to recognize places at varying levels of spatial specificity, we are able to validate spatially specific place recognition hypotheses against broader place recognition hypotheses without sacrificing localization accuracy. We evaluate the system in a range of experiments using cameras mounted on a motorbike and a human in two different environments. At 100% precision, the multiscale approach results in a 56% average improvement in recall rate across both datasets. We analyse the results and then discuss future work that may lead to improvements in both robotic mapping and our understanding of sensory processing and encoding in the mammalian brain.

关键词： brain mapping

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Inflammasome signaling in astrocytes modulates hippocampal plasticity

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Immunity 2025年

作者： Zengeler, Kristine E. Hollis, Ava Deutsch, Tyler C.J. Samuels, Joshua D. Ennerfelt, Hannah Moore, Katelyn A. Steacy, Eric J. Sabapathy, Vikram Sharma, Rahul Patel, Manoj K. Lukens, John R. Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Department of Neuroscience University of Virginia Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville 22908 VA United States Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University Palo Alto 24304 CA United States Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Center for Immunity Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR) University of Virginia Charlottesville 22908 VA United States

Emerging evidence indicates that a baseline level of controlled innate immune signaling is required to support proper brain function. However, little is known about the function of most innate immune pathways in homeostatic neurobiology. Here, we report a role for astrocyte-dependent inflammasome signaling in regulating hippocampal plasticity. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that promote caspase-1-mediated interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 production in response to pathogens and tissue damage. We observed that inflammasome complex formation was regularly detected under homeostasis in hippocampal astrocytes and that its assembly is dynamically regulated in response to learning and regional activity. Conditional ablation of caspase-1 in astrocytes limited hyperexcitability in an acute seizure model and impacted hippocampal plasticity via modulation of synaptic protein density, neuronal activity, and perineuronal net coverage. Caspase-1 and IL-18 regulated hippocampal IL-33 production and related plasticity. These findings reveal a homeostatic function for astrocyte inflammasome activity in regulating hippocampal physiology in health and disease. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： astrocytes caspase-1 hippocampal plasticity IL-18 IL-33 inflammasome memory neuroimmunology seizure

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Hebbian synaptic modification in cortical circuits and memory-guided behavior in spatial alternation and delayed non-match to position

Hebbian synaptic modification in cortical circuits and memor...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2005

作者： Hasselmo, Michael E. Zilli, Eric Program in Neuroscience Center for Memory and Brain Boston University 2 Cummington St. Boston MA 02215

ISBN: (纸本)0780390482

Numerous studies have focused on the mechanisms of Hebbian synaptic plasticity within the hippocampal formation and neocortical structures, but the specific role of this plasticity in regulating behavior remains unclear. This paper presents a model demonstrating how Hebbian synaptic modification could mediate the context-dependent retrieval of episodes necessary for memory-guided behavior in specific tasks, and could also contribute to prefrontal mechanisms for regulation of goal-directed behavior. This modeling effectively links neurophysiological data to the functional role of Hebbian synaptic modification and theta rhythm oscillations. The model simulates data on neuronal spike firing and field potentials in the hippocampus, including 1.) the phenomenon of theta phase precession of place cells, 2.) the contextsensitivity of neuronal firing ("splitter cells") during spatial alternation, and 3.) the selective changes in theta phase precession across different trials on the same day.

关键词： Neural networks

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Fast, accurate, and versatile data analysis platform for the quantification of molecular spatiotemporal signals

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Cell 2025年第10期188卷 2794-2809.e21页

作者： Mi, Xuelong Chen, Alex Bo-Yuan Duarte, Daniela Carey, Erin Taylor, Charlotte R. Braaker, Philipp N. Bright, Mark Almeida, Rafael G. Lim, Jing-Xuan Ruetten, Virginia M.S. Wang, Yizhi Wang, Mengfan Zhang, Weizhan Zheng, Wei Reitman, Michael E. Huang, Yongkang Wang, Xiaoyu Li, Lei Deng, HanFei Shi, Song-Hai Poskanzer, Kira E. Lyons, David A. Nimmerjahn, Axel Ahrens, Misha B. Yu, Guoqiang Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Arlington 22203 VA United States Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn 20147 VA United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University Cambridge 02138 MA United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston 02115 MA United States Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center The Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla 92037 CA United States Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh BioQuarter Edinburgh EH16 4SB United Kingdom Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit UCL London W1T 4JG United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience San Francisco CA United States Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China

Optical recording of intricate molecular dynamics is becoming an indispensable technique for biological studies, accelerated by the development of new or improved biosensors and microscopy technology. This creates major computational challenges to extract and quantify biologically meaningful spatiotemporal patterns embedded within complex and rich data sources, many of which cannot be captured with existing methods. Here, we introduce activity quantification and analysis (AQuA2), a fast, accurate, and versatile data analysis platform built upon advanced machine-learning techniques. It decomposes complex live-imaging-based datasets into elementary signaling events, allowing accurate and unbiased quantification of molecular activities and identification of consensus functional units. We demonstrate applications across a wide range of biosensors, cell types, organs, animal models, microscopy techniques, and imaging approaches. As exemplar findings, we show how AQuA2 identified drug-dependent interactions between neurons and astroglia, as well as distinct sensorimotor signal propagation patterns in the mouse spinal cord. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： AQuA2 astrocytes cell interaction analysis functional units glial cells image analysis machine learning molecular spatiotemporal signals neurons time-lapse imaging

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