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Reliability of resting-state EEG modulation by continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation of the primary motor cortex: a sham-controlled study

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Scientific Reports 2023年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Rodionov, Andrei Ozdemir, Recep A. Benwell, Christopher S. Y. Fried, Peter J. Boucher, Pierre Momi, Davide Ross, Jessica M. Santarnecchi, Emiliano Pascual-Leone, Alvaro Shafi, Mouhsin M. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA United States Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Division of Psychology School of Humanities Social Sciences and Law University of Dundee Dundee United Kingdom Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Canada Research Education and Clinical Center Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Palo Alto CA United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford Medical School Stanford CA United States Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program Gordon Center for Medical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Boston MA United States

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation designed to induce changes of cortical excitability that outlast the period of TBS application. In this study, we explored the effects of continuous TBS (cTBS) and intermittent TBS (iTBS) versus sham TBS stimulation, applied to the left primary motor cortex, on modulation of resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) power. We first conducted hypothesis-driven region-of-interest (ROI) analyses examining changes in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–21 Hz) bands over the left and right motor cortex. Additionally, we performed data-driven whole-brain analyses across a wide range of frequencies (1–50 Hz) and all electrodes. Finally, we assessed the reliability of TBS effects across two sessions approximately 1 month apart. None of the protocols produced significant group-level effects in the ROI. Whole-brain analysis revealed that cTBS significantly enhanced relative power between 19 and 43 Hz over multiple sites in both hemispheres. However, these results were not reliable across visits. There were no significant differences between EEG modulation by active and sham TBS protocols. Between-visit reliability of TBS-induced neuromodulatory effects was generally low-to-moderate. We discuss confounding factors and potential approaches for improving the reliability of TBS-induced rsEEG modulation. © 2023, The Author(s).

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Civic reasoning depends on transcendent thinking: Implications of adolescent brain development for SEL

Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Polic...

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Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy 2024年 4卷

作者： Mary Helen Immordino-Yang Christina Kundrak Douglas Knecht Jamaal Matthews USC Center for Affective Neuroscience Development Learning and Education (CANDLE)； Rossier School of Education； Brain and Creativity Institute； University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Neuroscience Graduate Program； University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Bank Street College of Education New York NY USA Marsal Family School of Education； University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Accumulating evidence from developmental social-affective neuroscience and educational research reveals striking affordances for adolescents’ academic, psychosocial and neural development of transcendent thinking—the disposition to integrate concrete, context-specific thinking and emotions into deliberations on the abstract, systems-level, ethical and personal implications of information, ideas, and skills. Here, we highlight the coordinated psychological and neural processes by which adolescents leverage transcendent thinking for civic reasoning. From qualitative field data, we argue that civic reasoning in the context of academic learning supports the coordination of conceptual understanding with intellectual agency, identity and communal orientation, leading youth toward process-oriented, rather than outcome-oriented, approaches to learning. From longitudinal interview and neuroimaging data, we argue that civic reasoning drives developmental coordination among brain networks involved in agency, self-awareness, and consciousness; internal reflection, abstraction and narrative; emotional feelings; memory; executive functioning and attention. These brain changes longitudinally predict resilience, identity development, and wellbeing (Gotlieb et al., 2024b). This transdisciplinary research underscores the power of civic reasoning for adolescents’ healthy development into young adulthood, and the benefits of schooling designed to center civic reasoning and personal reflection. In today’s globalized society, civic reasoning may be among the most important core social-emotional dispositions for youth and community thriving. Impact statement Civic reasoning is among the most important capacities youth must develop to sustain a functioning and equitable democratic society, and hence should be among the central aims of education. New research is demonstrating that adolescents’ dispositions toward civic reasoning, and the emotionally motivated transcendent thinking that unde

关键词： Transcendent thinking Adolescence Identity Civic education Purpose brain development Executive functions

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Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven extract improves memory performance in mice with chronic kidney disease

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Phytomedicine Plus 2024年第2期4卷 100556-100556页

作者： Wang, Hao-Wei Huang, Yi-Hsuan Tung, Hsiao-Jou Lin, Wei-Sheng Chiu, Hao-Chieh Lin, Shuei-Liong Fan, Shou-Zen Wang, Pei-Yu Hsieh Yu Enterprise Co. Ltd. Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Physiology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology En Chu Kong Hospital Taipei Taiwan Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan PhD. Program in Translational Medicine National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan PhD. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health concern often accompanied by cognitive impairment in affected patients. Ludwigia octovalvis extract (LOE) is a traditional medicine widely used for various conditions, including renal disease and its associated complications. However, the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of LOE on CKD remain unclear. Methods: Adult male mice underwent a 4-week oral adenine-induced CKD model, followed by daily administration of either a vehicle, losartan, or LOE for 1 to 2 months. A battery of behavioral tests was conducted to examine CKD-associated cognitive impairments. Additionally, RNA sequencing, Golgi staining, and immunohistochemistry were performed to decipher the underlying mechanisms. Results: Neither losartan nor LOE supplementation could reverse adenine-induced kidney damage. However, during behavioral tests, both losartan and LOE treatments improved memory performance in mice without affecting emotional status and general locomotor activity. Transcriptome profiling and histological analyses revealed altered dendritic arborization and increased spine density of dentate granule cells, along with augmented adult hippocampal neurogenesis, contributing to the improved memory performance of mice treated with LOE. Conclusion: Our study provides comprehensive neurobehavioral and molecular evidence supporting the potential use of LOE for future CKD-associated memory dysfunction treatment. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Adenine Cognitive dysfunction Neurogenesis

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Expression and roles of osteopontin in injured brain

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IBRO Reports 2019年 6卷 S126-S126页

作者： Jiawei An Haijie Yang Eun-Hye Joe Neuroscience Graduate Program Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea

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Abstract # 4265 Adolescent asthma during development and its impact on the physiological stress response and the brain: A mouse model

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brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2019年 81卷 16-16页

作者： Caulfield, J.I. Schopf, K.J. Cavigelli, S.A. Department of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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memory markers can help trace the Alzheimer’s disease continuum: Evidence from the GERO Cohort

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2021年第S6期17卷

作者： Gonzalo Forno Mario A Parra Patricia Lillo Roque Villagra Teresa Parrao Daniela Thumala Andrea Slachevsky School of Psychology Universidad de los Andes Santiago Chile Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC) Physiopathology Department - ICBM Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) Chile Santiago Chile East Neuroscience Departments Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile Universidad Alberto Hurtado Santiago Chile Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience (LANNEC) Physiopathology Program-ICBM East Neurologic and Neurosciences Departments Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) Santiago Chile Servicio de Neurología Departamento de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile Physiopathology Department ICBM East Neuroscience Department Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile

Background Cognitive assessments able to detect impairments as early as neuropathological changes that occur in neurodegenerative diseases initiate are urgently needed. The Visual Short-Term memory Binding Test (VSTMBT) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCRST) have been recently recommended by the Neurodegenerative Diseases Working Group (Costa et al., 2017) as promising preclinical markers of AD. They have never been used before to assess elderlies with cognitive complain recruited from the community. Method A total of 271 subjects (37 healthy controls (HC), 112 subjective cognitive complain (SCC), 96 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 26 Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD)), recruited from Geroscience center for brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) Cohort and the memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN), underwent assessment with the VSTMBT and the Visual Version of the FCRST (FCRST-Visual). Two memory loads were used for the VSTMBT (low and high). The ability of these tests to discriminate between groups. Result Significant differences were found between HC, MCI and ADD using the VSTMBT and the FCRST-Visual version. Notably, the STMB was the only test that “marginally” differentiated between HC from SCC (p = 0.055). Moreover, whereas the FCRST-Visual showed a gradient (HC = SCC) > MCI > AD, the VSTMBT’s gradient was HC > (SCC = MCI = ADD) suggesting that the function assessed by the latter test may be sensitive to the very early stages of the disease dropping to levels that cannot decline further. Conclusion Our results suggest that the VSTMBT and FCSRT are sensitive to the early stages of dementia. Whereas the former detects changes in the early subjective stages, the latter is more sensitive to later objective stages of cognitive decline. The latter but not the former could help monitor disease progression. These results raise important questions about the usefulness of cognitive screening tools to detect and monitor disease progression and to sepa

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I see sick people: Beliefs about sensory detection of infectious disease are largely consistent across cultures

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brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2025年 128卷 737-750页

作者： Ackerman, Joshua M. Samore, Theodore Fessler, Daniel M.T. Kupfer, Tom R. Choi, Soyeon Merrell, Wilson N. Aarøe, Lene Aavik, Toivo Acabado, Stephen Akello, Grace Alfian, Ilham N. Al-Shawaf, Laith Alvarez, Marinés M. Ammann, Jeanine Arikan, Gizem Asha, Saiyeda A. Astobiza, Anibal M. Baeza-Ugarte, Carmen G. Barclay, Pat Barlow, Fiona Kate Bizarro, Lisiane Bressan, Paola Castellanos-Chacón, Andres Choy, Bryan K.C. Chusairi, Achmad Contreras-Garduño, Jorge Chávez Cosamalón, Brenda L. Costa-Neves, Bernardo De, Mallika de Lima, Tiago J.S. de Zoysa, Piyanjali Dryžaitė, Ieva Elbæk, Christian T. Fedor, Peter Fernández, Ana M. Fernandez-Morales, Regina Fülöp, Márta Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado Garcia-Gómez, Leonor Garcia-Marques, Leonel Garduño-Franco, Jimena Pilar Grazioso, María del Habacht, Fanny Hasan, Youssef Haugestad, Camila P. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Havlíček, Jan Hernandez, Earl J. Hoang, Vu M. Hong, Minsung Hromatko, Ivana Iliško, Dzintra Imada, Hirotaka Jakšić, Ivana Jarmakowski, Tomasz Hjördísar Jónsdóttir, Harpa L. Kajokaite, Kotrina Kaňková, Šárka Kervyn, Nicolas Kim, Jinseok P. Kunst, Jonas R. Laakasuo, Michael Leongómez, Juan David Li, Norman P. Lu, Junsong Lynch, Nathan Maegli, María A. Manley, Harry Marcu, Gabriela McAfee, Thea Mitkidis, Panagiotis Molnár, Nándor B. Morvinski, Coby Muhamad, Haslina Nejat, Pegah Huy, Hoang Nguyen Oliveira, Angelica N. Olsson, Mats J. Onyishi, Charity N. Onyishi, Ike E. Orozco, Reegan Otterbring, Tobias Ottersen, Ida S. Pacheco-López, Gustavo Panagiotopoulou, Penny Paniagua, Walter Parvin, Roksana Pavlović, Zoran Prokop, Pavol Raffman, Emma Rizwan, Muhammad Rojas, Sheila Różycka-Tran, Joanna Sánchez, Oscar R. Selim, Heyla Sevi, Barış Shani, Yaniv Shastry, Madhulika S. Stieger, Stefan Suh, Eunkook M. Sumari, Melati Takemura, Kosuke Tognetti, Arnaud Trombetta, Roberta Z.R. Tybur, Joshua M. Ucak, Eylul B. Uchida, Yukiko Valentova, Jaroslava V. Viciana, Hugo Visine, Amandine Wang, Jin Wang, XT Yahiiaiev, Illia I. Zein, Rizqy A. Žeželj, Iris Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Religion Programme University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Department of Anthropology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Center for Behavior Evolution & Culture University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Bedari Kindness Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University England Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Center for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Political Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Psychology Universitas Airlangga East Java Indonesia Department of Psychology University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO United States Department of Psychology Universidad del Valle Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Agroscope Research group Economic Modelling and Policy Analysis Ettenhausen Switzerland Department of Political Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Psychology International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Philosophy University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Psychology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada School of Psychology University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Graduate Program in Psychology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul RS Porto Alegre Brazil Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy Faculty of Psychology Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia Ministry of Defence Singapore Sustainability and Education Policy Network Saskatoon SK Canada Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unid

Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for identifying whether others are sick with transmissible illnesses. Are these beliefs universal, or do they vary along cultural and ecological dimensions? Participants in 58 countries (N = 19,217) judged how effective, and how likely they were to use, cues involving each of the five major sensory modalities in an imagined social interaction during a flu outbreak. Belief patterns were strongly consistent across countries (sight > audition > touch > smell > taste), suggesting a largely universal conceptualization of the role of sensory information for interpersonal respiratory disease detection. Results also support a safe senses hypothesis, with perceivers reporting that they would use senses that function at a distance—and thus reduce pathogen transmission risk—more than would be expected given participants’ beliefs as to the efficacy of these senses for disease detection. Where societal variation did emerge, it was captured by a cohesive set of socio-ecological factors, including human development, latitude, pathogen prevalence, and population density. Together, these findings reveal a shared lens through which contagious respiratory disease is assessed, one that prioritizes minimizing risk to perceivers, and may offer leverage for designing interventions to improve public health. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Behavioral immune system Culture Iterpersonal perception Pathogen threat Sensation Threat detection

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Dynamics of cortical dendritic membrane potential and spikes in freely behaving rats

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2017年第6331期355卷 eaaj1497页

作者： Jason J Moore Pascal M Ravassard David Ho Lavanya Acharya Ashley L Kees Cliff Vuong Mayank R Mehta W. M. Keck Center for Neurophysics Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. jason.moore@ucla.edu mayankmehta@ucla.edu. Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. W. M. Keck Center for Neurophysics Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA.

Neural activity in vivo is primarily measured using extracellular somatic spikes, which provide limited information about neural computation. Hence, it is necessary to record from neuronal dendrites, which can generate dendritic action potentials (DAPs) in vitro, which can profoundly influence neural computation and plasticity. We measured neocortical sub- and suprathreshold dendritic membrane potential (DMP) from putative distal-most dendrites using tetrodes in freely behaving rats over multiple days with a high degree of stability and submillisecond temporal resolution. DAP firing rates were several-fold larger than somatic rates. DAP rates were also modulated by subthreshold DMP fluctuations, which were far larger than DAP amplitude, indicating hybrid, analog-digital coding in the dendrites. Parietal DAP and DMP exhibited egocentric spatial maps comparable to pyramidal neurons. These results have important implications for neural coding and plasticity.

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Widowhood and mortality risk in Taiwan: a population-based matched cohort study

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International Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期53卷 dyae034-dyae034页

作者： Wang, Shi-Heng Wu, Huijing Hsu, Le-Yin Lin, Mei-Chen Fan, Chun-Chieh Chen, Pei-Chun Hsu, Chih-Cheng Wu, Chi-Shin National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program of Data Science National Taiwan University Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics Laureate Institute for Brain Research Tulsa OK United States Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Yunlin Taiwan National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Miaoli County 350 Zhunan Town Taiwan

Conclusions: The study suggests that healthcare policies and interventions should be developed to improve widowed individuals' health and overall welfare.;Background: Studying the causes of death among deceased spouses and surviving partners may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the association between widowhood and mortality. This study investigated the mortality risk of widowhood in Taiwan, examined the association of the cause of death between widowed individuals and their deceased spouses and explored potential modifying effects by age, gender and duration after widowhood.;Results: Widowhood was associated with an increased mortality risk, with widowed men having a 1.32 increased risk and widowed women having a 1.27 increased risk. Age at spousal death and duration modified the associations after widowhood. The widowed individuals are more likely to die by the same cause as the deceased spouse if they died by suicide, accident, endocrine, gastrointestinal disorders or infection.;Methods: This matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database and National Death Registry. In total, 204 010 widowed men and 596 136 widowed women were identified with a mean follow-up period of 6.9 and 7.9 years, respectively, and 816 040 comparison men and 2 384 544 comparison women were selected. © 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： causes of death mortality Widowhood

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