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Acid-Resistant Nanofiltration Facilitated Non-Saponified Extraction of Rare Earth

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lai, Wei Shan, Linglong Li, Zhenyuan Bai, Ju Xiao, Luqi Zheng, Peijun Bai, Lu Yang, Youming Luo, Shuangjiang Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou341000 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341000 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center Langfang065000 China

The conventional extraction of rare earth (RE) with alkali saponification consumes plenty of alkalis and produces enormous salt effluents. Herein, we propose a novel environmental-friendly non-saponified RE extraction process facilitated by acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes, in which the non-saponified organic phase directly extracts with RE feed by the multi-stage cross-current approach and the exchanged acid in the raffinate is removed by the acid-resistant NF membrane. The deacidified raffinate is reused as the feed of the non-saponified extraction. The obtained acid solution can be used for leaching or scrubbing after concentration. The feed concentration of the non-saponified extraction was optimized, and a high RE concentration of 0.21 mol L-1 in the organic phase and an average extraction rate of 89.9% were obtained with a 0.1 mol L-1 feed RE concentration. 99% of the acid in the raffinate was removed by acid-resistant NF under a RECl3 concentration of 4.9 g L-1, along with a recovered pH value of ~3, resulting in a high total RE yield of 99.6%. The acid-resistant NF facilitated non-saponified extraction featuring high atom economy, absence of alkalis consumption and salinity effluent emission, and eco-recycle of the raffinate render the separation of RE elements a versatilely sustainable and green process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rare earths

Numerical study on the mechanism of drag modulation by dispersed drops in two-phase Taylor-Couette turbulence

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arXiv

arXiv 2023年

作者： Su, Jinghong Yi, Lei Zhao, Bidan Wang, Cheng Xu, Fan Wang, Junwu Sun, Chao New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Center for Combustion Energy Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 353 Beijing100190 China Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The presence of a dispersed phase can significantly modulate the drag in turbulent systems. We derived a conserved quantity that characterizes the radial transport of azimuthal momentum in the fluid-fluid two-phase Taylor-Couette turbulence. This quantity consists of contributions from advection, diffusion, and two-phase interface, which are closely related to density, viscosity, and interfacial tension, respectively. We found from interface-resolved direct numerical simulations that the presence of the two-phase interface consistently produces a positive contribution to the momentum transport and leads to drag enhancement, while decreasing the density and viscosity ratios of the dispersed phase to the continuous phase reduces the contribution of local advection and diffusion terms to the momentum transport, respectively, resulting in drag reduction. Therefore, we concluded that the decreased density ratio and the decreased viscosity ratio work together to compete with the presence of two-phase interface for achieving drag modulation in fluid-fluid two-phase turbulence. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drag

A Comparative Study on the Thick Electrode Via Dry Processing and Slurry Coating

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Haixiang Ren, Yufei Su, Chang Wu, Xiangkun Zhang, Lan College of Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang110142 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Hebei065001 China Longzihu New Energy Laboratory Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Henan University Zhengzhou450000 China

The growing market of portable electronics and electric vehicles calls for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density. Thick electrodes can reduce the mass ratio of inactive components and thus becoming a universal strategy to increase the energy density of LIBs. In this work, we prepare thick mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) electrodes via both dry processing and slurry casting method. With low binder content of 2 wt.%, all electrodes show satisfying structure stability. It shows that the one-dimensional (1D) conductive agent (CA), vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF), can not only promote the electron transport within the electrode, but also guarantee the electrode integrity even when polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was lithiated. Moreover, electrode with VGCF as CA can be obtained via the slurry casting method even with a high areal capacity of 6.76 mAh cm-2. Although the dry processing method could further increase the areal active material loading to a higher level, while lithiation of the binder, PTFE, seriously hindering its application. On the contrary, the slurry casting method with 1D CA may worth well for further study. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrodes

Integrating Selenium Confinement in Two-Dimensional Carbon Matrix with Co Catalysis for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Lingli Zhang, Ruojie Li, Siqi Hu, Lei Liang, Sheng Wang, Lili Zhou, Ningning Liang, Xin Yang, Xulai Han, Yongsheng School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering Hefei University Hefei230601 China LIB Technology Center of Anhui Province Hefei University Hefei230601 China School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Hefei University Hefei230601 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

The energy storage of sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries is largely impeded by inferior reaction kinetics and polyselenides intermediates shuttling. Herein, we propose the synthesis of two-dimensional porous carbon materials with cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (C/Co) as selenium host via the carbonization of Zn/Co bimetallic organic frameworks (Zn/Co -MOF) for the first time. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that Co nanoparticles catalyst exhibits effective adsorption of polyselenide species, facilitating the conversion of long-chain polyselenides, and effectively reducing the energy barrier, thus promoting high kinetics in the electrochemistry of sodium-selenium batteries. And the uniform micro/mesoporous structure of the C/Co matrix provides efficient channels for ion diffusion and electron transfer. The Se/C-Co cathode demonstrates superior performance, delivering a high initial capacity of 669.3 mAh g−1 and retaining a capacity of 410.9 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C. This excellent cycling stability and rate capability of the Se/C-Co composite is attributed to the unique structure of 2D carbon matrix and effective catalysis of Co nanoparticles, thereby enabling higher utilization of active Se species. This work may provide important insights into the improvement of advanced materials for Na-Se batteries. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

-growth orientation dependence of Ga2O3 nanowires on Cu3As seeds via vapor-solid-solid mechanism

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021年 864卷 158786-158786页

作者： Wang, Hang Wang, Anqi Wang, Ying Yang, Zaixing Yang, Jun Han, Ning Chen, Yunfa School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an710055 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China Department of Physics School of Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Center of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics Shandong University Jinan250100 China

To accurately control semiconductor nanowires’ (NW) physical characteristics defining electronic, optical and sensor applications, it is necessary to understand their potential growth mechanism. In this study, the Ga2O3 NW growth orientation is found to be dependent on their Cu3As catalyst structure via vapor-solid-solid (VSS) mechanism. The Ga2O3 NWs are synthesized by vapor transport method at 700 °C below the Cu3As alloy eutectic temperature, which forms a solid structure on top of the NWs. The NWs have relatively uniform diameter of 40–60 nm and prefer to grow alongdirection. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) data provide strong evidence that the harvested Ga2O3 NWs are epitaxially grown from Cu3As-based (cubic and hexagonal) catalyst seeds. And Ga2O3{110} |Cubic Cu3As {210}, Ga2O3{110} |Cubic Cu3As {110} and Ga2O3 {110} | hexagonal Cu3As {110} have relatively low mismatch compared to other interface lattice planes, providing a key insight into the growth process according to the VSS mechanism. The thermodynamics driven composition changes in the growth process are elaborated in detail. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanowires

Zwitterionic Liquid Hydrogel Sustained-Release Strategy for High-Performance Nanofiltration Membrane

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xiao, Luqi Bai, Ju Lai, Wei Jiao, Yang Wu, Qi Liu, Hongyan Zhang, Yizhou Shan, Linglong Luo, Shuangjiang School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341000 China Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering Ministry of Education School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center Langfang065000 China

Controlling amine monomer diffusion behavior plays a crucial role in fabricating well-defined architecture and high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membranes through interfacial polymerization. Herein, a zwitterionic liquid hydrogel transition layer was introduced to the sustained-release amine monomer to the regulated interfacial polymerization process to fabricate a high-performance NF membrane. The hydrogel (Gel) was fabricated via in-situ one-step UV photo-initiated free-radical polymerization between 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride ([VEIm][Cl]) and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SMP) on PES substrate membrane surface. Then polyamide layer formed on the Gel layer surface under the regulation of mitigating the amine diffusion behavior. Low-field time-domain NMR (LF-NMR) analysis and water-absorbing demonstrated that the Gel-PA membrane showed high water-membrane interaction. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) also confirmed the Gel-PA composite membrane possessed enlarged free volume . Membrane surface and cross-sectional SEM morphologies also showed the Gel-PA membrane with a less ridge-and-valley loose structure and thinner thickness. Combined with the uptake ability of the Gel layer, the obtained Gel-PA composite membrane displayed a high permeance of 13.22 L m -2 h -1 bar -1 , a high Na 2 SO 4 rejection of 98.23%, a favorable NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 selectivity of 49.75, and excellent long-term operational stability . This sustained-release strategy provides a facial and feasible approach to controlling the IP process and obtaining high-performance nanofiltration membranes. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofiltration

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating with Anti-Corrosion and Anti-Fouling Properties on the Surface of Low Manganese Steel by Electrodeposition Technology

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Lunliang Liu, Xiang Yan, Jingmin Li, Zhengchen Huang, Siyu Weng, Yao Li, Jiang Yuan, Chenzong Han, Peiwei Ye, Shufeng Zhang, Xiaomeng School of Rare earths University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341119 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box 353 Beijing100190 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

As a rare earth slow-release agent, the yttrium (Y) element was often used in anti-corrosion coatings at high temperatures. Still, its application in anti-corrosion coatings at room temperature was rarely studied. Therefore, in this study, a stearic acid-yttrium (SA–Y) superhydrophobic coating was prepared in one step on the surface of low manganese steel by electrodeposition technique. Different electroplating voltages were applied to the electrolyte composed of Y(NO3)3·6H2O and stearic acid (SA), and the effect of the voltage on the surface morphology and wettability of the coating were studied. The results show that the optimum water contact angle of SA–Y superhydrophobic coating is about 162.1 ± 1.2 °, and the corrosion current density of the coating (8.68 × 10-10 A/cm2) is four orders of magnitude lower than that of the low-manganese steel sample (1.22 × 10-6 A/cm2), which confirmed that the coating has good corrosion resistance. At the same time, the soil powders cannot adhere to the surface of SA–Y superhydrophobic coating, indicating that the coating also has good anti-fouling properties. And studies have shown that during the corrosion process, a dense protective layer can be formed on the damaged coating surface to prevent further corrosion of the metal, so the coating has good active protection ability. Therefore, the coating prepared in this study has a good application prospect in the field of ship anti-corrosion. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Antifouling Properties on the Surface of Low Manganese Steel by Electrodeposition Technology

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Lunliang Liu, Xiang Yan, Jingmin Li, ZhengChen Huang, Siyu Weng, Yao Li, Jiang Yuan, Chenzong Han, Peiwei Ye, Shufeng Zhang, Xiaomeng School of Rare earths University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341119 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box 353 Beijing100190 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

As a rare earth slow-release agent, yttrium (Y) element is often used in anti-corrosion coatings at high temperature, but its application in anti-corrosion coatings at room temperature is rarely studied. Therefore, in this study, a stearic acid-yttrium (SA-Y) superhydrophobic coating was prepared in one step on the surface of low manganese steel by electrodeposition technique. Different electroplating voltages were applied to the electrolyte composed of Y(NO3)3·6H2O and stearic acid (SA), and the effect of the voltage on the surface morphology and wettability of the coating was studied. The results show that the optimum contact angle of SA-Y coating is about 162.1±1.2°. The corrosion current density of the prepared SA-Y coating (5.41×10-12A/cm2) is 6 orders of magnitude lower than that of the low-manganese steel sample (5.63×10-6 A/cm2). It is confirmed that the coating has good corrosion resistance, and the coating also has good antifouling properties. And studies have shown that the damaged coating will form a dense protective layer, and the coating has self-healing ability to prevent further corrosion of the metal. Therefore, the coating prepared in this study have good application prospects in marine anti-corrosion. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Antifouling Properties on the Surface of Low Manganese Steel by Electrodeposition Technology

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SSRN 2022年

As a rare earth slow-release agent, yttrium (Y) element was often used in anticorrosion coatings at high temperature, but its application in anti-corrosion coatings at room temperature was rarely studied. Therefore, in this study, a stearic acid-yttrium (SA-Y) superhydrophobic coating was prepared in one step on the surface of low manganese steel by electrodeposition technique. Different electroplating voltages were applied to the electrolyte composed of Y(NO3)3·6H2O and stearic acid (SA), and the effect of the voltage on the surface morphology and wettability of the coating was studied. The results show that the optimum contact angle of SA-Y coating is about 162.1±1.2°. The corrosion current density of the prepared SA-Y coating (5.41×10-12A/cm2) is 6 orders of magnitude lower than that of the low-manganese steel sample (5.63×10-6 A/cm2). It is confirmed that the coating has good corrosion resistance, and the coating also has good antifouling properties. And studies have shown that the damaged coating will form a dense protective layer, and the coating has self-healing ability to prevent further corrosion of the metal. Therefore, the coating prepared in this study have good application prospects in marine anti-corrosion. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology