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A Second-Order Semi-Implicit Method for the Inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation

Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2023年第1期16卷 182-203页

作者： Panchi Li Lei Yang Jin Lan Rui Du Jingrun Chen School of Mathematical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China School of Computer Science and Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SARChina Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin 300072China Mathematical Center for Interdisciplinary Research Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhouJiangsu 215123China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China

Electron spins in magnetic materials have preferred orientations collectively and generate the macroscopic *** dynamics spans over a wide range of timescales from femtosecond to picosecond,and then to *** Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert(LLG)equation has been widely used in micromagnetics simulations over *** theoretical and experimental advances have shown that the inertia of magnetization emerges at sub-picosecond timescales and contributes significantly to the ultrafast magnetization dynamics,which cannot be captured intrinsically by the LLG ***,as a generalization,the inertial LLG(iLLG)equation is proposed to model the ultrafast magnetization ***,the LLG equation is a nonlinear system of parabolic type with(possible)***,the iLLG equation is a nonlinear system of mixed hyperbolic-parabolic type with degeneracy,and exhibits more complicated *** behaves as a hyperbolic system at sub-picosecond timescales,while behaves as a parabolic system at larger timescales spanning from picosecond to *** hybrid behaviors impose additional difficulties on designing efficient numerical methods for the iLLG *** this work,we propose a second-order semiimplicit scheme to solve the iLLG *** second-order temporal derivative of magnetization is approximated by the standard centered difference scheme,and the first-order temporal derivative is approximated by the midpoint scheme involving three time *** nonlinear terms are treated semi-implicitly using one-sided interpolation with second-order *** each time step,the unconditionally unique solvability of the unsymmetric linear system is proved with detailed discussions on the condition ***,the second-order accuracy of the proposed method in both time and space is *** sub-picosecond timescales,the inertial effect of ferromagnetics is observed in micromagnetics simulations,in consistency wi

关键词： Inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation semi-implicit scheme second-order accuracy micromagnetics simulations

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Dual-Objective Personalized Federated Service System With Partially-Labeled Data Over Wireless Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2023年第5期16卷 3265-3279页

作者： Ching, Cheng-Wei Chang, Jia-Ming Kuo, Jian-Jhih Wang, Chih-Yu Ucsc Department of Computer Science and Engineering Santa CruzCA95064 United States Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei City11529 Taiwan National Chung Cheng University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi62102 Taiwan Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with Hightech Innovations National Chung Cheng University Chiayi62102 Taiwan

Federated learning (FL) emerges to mitigate the privacy concerns in machine learning-based services and applications, and personalized federated learning (PFL) evolves to alleviate the issue of data heterogeneity. However, FL and PFL usually rest on two assumptions: the users' data is well-labeled, or the personalized goals align with sufficient local data. Unfortunately, the two assumptions may not hold in most cases, where data labeling is costly, or most users have no sufficient local data to satisfy their personalized needs. To this end, we first formulate the problem, DoLP, that studies the issue of insufficient and partially-labeled data on FL-based services. DoLP aims to maximize two service objectives: 1) personalized classification objective and 2) the personalized labeling objective for each user within the constraint of training time over wireless networks. Then, we propose a PFL-based service system DoFed-SPP to solve DoLP. The DoFed-SPP's novelty is two-fold. First, we devise an inference-based first-order approximation metric, similarity ratio, to identify the similarity between users' local data. Second, we design an approximation algorithm to determine the appropriate size and set of users for uploading in each round. Extensive experiments show DoFed-SPP outperforms the state-of-the-art in final accuracy and time-to-accuracy performance on CIFAR10/100 and DBPedia. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Power Grid Systems Using PUF

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2024年 5卷 3568-3580页

作者： Zahoor, Amina Mahmood, Khalid Saleem, Muhammad Asad Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Le, Tuan-Vinh Das, Ashok Kumar Department of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Emerson University Multan Department of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan61000 Pakistan Fu Jen Catholic University Bachelor's Program of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security New Taipei City24206 Taiwan International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

The Smart Power Grid (SPG) is pivotal in orchestrating and managing demand response in contemporary smart cities, leveraging the prowess of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Within the immersive SPG environment, the ubiquitous deployment of smart meters stands as a testament to their paramount importance in the realm of vigilant monitoring and oversight. These smart meters are installed on high-tension electricity lines and transmit information about electricity outages and other issues to the utility center. To access services from utility centers, smart meters need to communicate securely over a public channel, even though the network itself is insecure. However, potential attacks from adversaries ( Ad) can exploit this communication. Therefore, protecting this communication is of utmost importance. Several privacy-preserving authentication protocols designed for SPG have been introduced in the literature. Nevertheless, a significant number of these protocols exhibit vulnerabilities to diverse security attacks. This article introduces a lightweight and anonymous authentication protocol specifically designed to address these concerns in the SPG environment. Our protocol ensures both security and efficiency, surpassing other comparable protocols in terms of its lightweight nature. By employing both formal and informal analysis, we showcase the robustness of our protocol against significant attacks while remaining lightweight. The proposed protocol provides added security features and incurs 23.8879% lower computation cost than related protocols. Consequently, our protocol is highly suitable for implementation in the SPG system. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Hash functions

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A Stable Task Assignment Mechanism for Multi-Platform Mobile Crowdsensing

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8079-8094页

作者： Peng, Shuo Zhang, Guo Zhang, Baoxian Yao, Zheng Liu, Chen Li, Cheng University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center of Ubiquitous Sensor Networks Beijing100049 China University of British Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BCV6T 1Z4 Canada Simon Fraser University School of Engineering Science BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a new paradigm for Internet of Things. It can fully utilize the smart devices carried by mobile users for accomplishing various sensing tasks. Most existing task assignment mechanisms have assumed the availability of just a single service platform and without considering the preference of users and platforms. In this paper, we focus on studying how to design efficient task assignment mechanism when there are multiple service platforms in the MCS system and further the preferences of both users and platforms are considered while the sensing quality of each user is unknown in advance. The design objective is to maximize the overall sensing qualities of all completed tasks while respecting the budget constraint of each platform. We build a multi-platform oriented task assignment framework and formulate the problem under study as a 0-1 integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We propose a Multi-platform Stable Task Assignment mechanism (MSTA). MSTA works in a round by round manner. In each round, MSTA first performs budget splitting among different task locations for each platform, then makes stable matching between users and platforms and performs online learning of users' sensing qualities by using the multi-armed bandit (MAB) model. We deduce the time complexity of MSTA and prove that MSTA has the properties of stability, individual rationality, budget feasibility, and truthfulness. Simulation results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed MSTA mechanism. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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Parallel Median Filter with Arbitrary Window Size and Image Depth 33

Parallel Median Filter with Arbitrary Window Size and Image ...

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33rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing, PDP 2025

作者： Marzolla, Moreno Ravaioli, Michele Piccolomini, Elena Loli University of Bologna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Inter-Department Industrial Research ICT Bologna Italy University of Bologna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331524937

Removing noise in digital images is a fundamental operation that arises in many application domains. In this paper we consider the median filter, a filtering technique that replaces the color of each pixel with the median of those in a square neighborhood of fixed radius. For some use cases, the size of the neighborhood or the image depth may be large, making existing algorithms either too slow, or not applicable at all due to excessive memory requirements. In this paper we describe architecture-specific optimizations that enable the computation of the median filter with arbitrary window size and image depth on multicore processors and GPUs. We report preliminary results that indicate that the parallel implementations are suitable for practical use, with the GPU version outperforming the CPU. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Median filters

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Optimizing One-Stage Object Detection for URLLC: A Two-Stage Pipeline with Oculi SPU 25

Optimizing One-Stage Object Detection for URLLC: A Two-Stage...

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25th International Arab Conference on Information Technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Moghlebey, Adam Bou Moubayed, Abdallah Injadat, MohammadNoor Lebanese American University Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Byblos Lebanon King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Department Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems Dhahran Saudi Arabia Zarqa University Data Science & Artificial Intelligence Department Zarqa Jordan University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

Pedestrian-related accidents account for an estimated 20-25% of the approximately 1.19 million road fatalities occurring annually, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced detection systems in surveillance and smart transportation to mitigate such incidents. The escalating demand for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in modern surveillance and transportation systems has become a solution to that problem but highlighted significant challenges in reducing inference times of machine learning models, particularly on constrained hardware. The maximum permissible latency for most vehicular applications ranges from 6 to 20 milliseconds based on the application. When tested on an 8GB RAM setup using the NTU, LLVIP, and VIRAT datasets, YOLOv8n achieved a minimum inference time of approximately 200 milliseconds per frame, making it unsuitable for URLLC applications despite 8GB RAM being an adequate hardware setup for edge devices. This research introduces a new two-stage pipeline that integrates Oculi's Sensing and Processing Unit (SPU) simulation with the YOLOv8n one-stage object detection model to enhance pedestrian detection, thereby addressing these challenges. By leveraging Regions of Interest (ROIs) generated by Oculi's SPU, our approach optimizes the input data for the YOLO model, substantially reducing computational overhead and thus making it suitable for URLLC applications. This integration can lead to a reduction in inference time by up to 93% in the tested frames when being compared to YOLOv8n pre-trained model. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital storage

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Temperature Effects on Microalgae Cell Growth in an Outdoor HLTP 2nd

Temperature Effects on Microalgae Cell Growth in an Outdo...

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2nd International Conference on Mathematical Analysis and Applications in Modeling, ICMAAM 2023

作者： Nahar, Nurun Monir, Mohammad Iftekhar Islam, Md. Rashedul Deb, Ujjwal Kumar Department of Mathematics Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chattogram Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Premier University Chattogram Bangladesh Jamal Nazrul Islam Research Center for Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9789819791934

Biofuel from microalgae is a promising alternative that can substitute fossil fuels because they are renewable and eco-friendly. The growth of microalgae is influenced by numerous culture parameters, and temperature is considered one of the vital growth factors among them. In this study, we developed a computational growth model related to irradiance related temperature for an outdoor operated Horizontal Loop Tubular Photobioreactor (HLTP) for a specific geographic location. The effects of direct and diffuse solar radiation on the Photobioreactor (PBR) temperature are considered in this model. The meteorological data associated with the geographic location has been collected for the simulation. We simulated the model by COMSOL Multiphysics and ob-served a temperature fluctuation between 24.85 ∘C and 38.45 ∘C throughout the PBR domain. The significant issue of temperature control is also suggested from this study. Over the simulated period, a uniform cell growth has been observed. The hydrodynamic behaviors of the suspension flow inside the reactor, radial and axial temperature distribution are also analyzed in this study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Microalgae

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Performance Evaluation of Coffee Bean Binary Classification Through Deep Learning Techniques 1

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International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, CITISIA 2022

作者： Islamy, Fajrul Muchtar, Kahlil Arnia, Fitri Dawood, Rahmad Febriana, Alifya Elwirehardja, Gregorius Natanael Pardamean, Bens Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department Master of Computer Science Program BINUS Graduate Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9783031290787

ISBN: (纸本)9783031290770

Coffee beans are one of the high-value commodities in Indonesia, but the sorting method for the quality of coffee beans still uses visual methods and sieves with mechanical machines. This study aims to provide an alternative to classifying coffee beans using Deep Learning algorithms, such as the ResNet-18 and MobileNetV2. The dataset used is USK-COFFEE which consists of two classes, the normal coffee bean class, and the defect coffee bean class. The models were trained using the balanced and imbalanced datasets, meaning that two scenarios were performed. From the results of this study, the accuracy value for the ResNet-18 model was 91.50% when trained on the balanced dataset and 90.87% on the imbalanced dataset. It outperformed the MobileNetV2 architecture, which only achieved 0.8125 and 0.8112 accuracy scores when trained on the balanced and imbalanced datasets, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： computer vision

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Ferroelectric Enhancement in a TiN/Hf1-xZrxO2/W Device with Controlled Oxidation of the Bottom Electrode

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ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2024年第2期6卷 1078-1086页

作者： Chiniwar, Santosh P. Hsieh, Ya-Chen Shih, Ching-Hsiang Teng, Chih-Yu Yang, Jheng-Lin Hu, Chenming Lin, Bi-Hsuan Tang, Mau-Tsu Tseng, Yuan-Chieh Department of Material Science & Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu30076 Taiwan

Hf1-xZxO2 (HZO) is a promising ferroelectric (FE) material with CMOS compatibility, while the TiN/HZO/W metal-ferroelectric-metal structure provides balanced thermal expansion for stacking. In this study, we developed a 7 nm film of HZO with a FE polarization (2Pr) value of ∼43 μC/cm2 and cycling endurance of 108 by determining the appropriate oxidation state for a W bottom electrode deposited via atomic layer deposition with a relatively low annealing temperature of 400 °C. To visualize FE uniformity, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy phase mapping to construct a two-dimensional map of the orthorhombic (O), tetragonal (T), and monoclinic (M) phases of the HZO film. Subsequent orientation- and chemical-state-resolved X-ray analysis revealed that the enhanced FE polarization performance can be attributed to the combined effects of interface strain and oxygen vacancies. Piezoelectric force microscopy verified the switching uniformity of the devices and revealed the electrical characteristics for use in device optimization. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Ethics

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第4期4卷 799-819页

作者： Huang, Changwu Zhang, Zeqi Mao, Bifei Yao, Xin Southern University of Science and Technology Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Shenzhen518055 China Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation Shenzhen518055 China Huawei Technologies Company Ltd. Trustworthiness Theory Research Center Shenzhen518055 China University of Birmingham School of Computer Science BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed and will continue to change our lives. AI is being applied in more and more fields and scenarios such as autonomous driving, medical care, media, finance, industrial robots, and internet services. The widespread application of AI and its deep integration with the economy and society have improved efficiency and produced benefits. At the same time, it will inevitably impact the existing social order and raise ethical concerns. Ethical issues, such as privacy leakage, discrimination, unemployment, and security risks, brought about by AI systems have caused great trouble to people. Therefore, AI ethics, which is a field related to the study of ethical issues in AI, has become not only an important research topic in academia, but also an important topic of common concern for individuals, organizations, countries, and society. This article will give a comprehensive overview of this field by summarizing and analyzing the ethical risks and issues raised by AI, ethical guidelines and principles issued by different organizations, approaches for addressing ethical issues in AI, and methods for evaluating the ethics of AI. Additionally, challenges in implementing ethics in AI and some future perspectives are pointed out. We hope our work will provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of AI ethics for researchers and practitioners in this field, especially the beginners of this research discipline. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Industrial robots

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