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Automatic classification of activities in classroom videos

computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 2024年 6卷

作者： Foster, Jonathan K. Korban, Matthew Youngs, Peter Watson, Ginger S. Acton, Scott T. Department of Educational Theory and Practice University at Albany United States C.L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia United States Department of Curriculum Instruction and Special Education University of Virginia United States Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center Old Dominion University United States

Classroom videos are a common source of data for educational researchers studying classroom interactions as well as a resource for teacher education and professional development. Over the last several decades emerging technologies have been applied to classroom videos to record, transcribe, and analyze classroom interactions. With the rise of machine learning, we report on the development and validation of neural networks to classify instructional activities using video signals, without analyzing speech or audio features, from a large corpus of nearly 250 h of classroom videos from elementary mathematics and English language arts instruction. Results indicated that the neural networks performed fairly-well in detecting instructional activities, at diverse levels of complexity, as compared to human raters. For instance, one neural network achieved over 80% accuracy in detecting four common activity types: whole class activity, small group activity, individual activity, and transition. An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether the fine-grained and agnostic instructional activities detected by the neural networks could scale up to supply information about features of instructional quality. Future applications of these neural networks may enable more efficient cataloguing and analysis of classroom videos at scale and the generation of fine-grained data about the classroom environment to inform potential implications for teaching and learning. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： computer vision

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Development of design tool for hybrid power systems of hybrid electric military combat vehicles

Development of design tool for hybrid power systems of hybri...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Dong Hwan Choi Seong Jun Lee Bo-Hyung Cho Yeo Giel Yoon Modeling & Simulation Team Research Center PanGyo Techno-valley Samsung Techwin Company Limited SeongNam South Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Research Center PanGyo Techno-valley Samsung Techwin Company Limited SeongNam South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424482207

This paper introduces a developed hybrid power modeling and simulation tool for series hybrid electric military combat vehicles. A simulation tool for determining optimal hybrid power in hybrid components such as motor, engine, generator, and storages and for evaluating designed driving control strategy and energy management strategy is essential in designing a hybrid system. The developed tool is based on the MATLAB/Simulink with simple GUI interface. It supports various series hybrid structures of military vehicles, driving cycles, and driving control strategies. It supports two types of analysis methods: a forward facing method and a backward facing method. In this research, in order to determine the motor's power and spec, the developed tool is incorporated with the commercial multibody dynamics software, VirtualLab/Motion developed by LMS International. The objectives of the iterative works between design of optimal hybrid power systems and optimal driving control strategy include reducing the overall fuel consumption and optimizing the mobility performance to cost, mass and volume space claims of the vehicles' power systems, and enabling those vehicles with enhanced electrical power generation and storage capabilities useful for field operations, too. A 20ton 8×8 series hybrid electric vehicle is considered as design example. This paper shows the results of determined hybrid components' power and shows the SOC variation and fuel efficiency for various driving strategies.

关键词： Vehicles Hybrid power systems Fuels System-on-a-chip Batteries Energy management Power system dynamics

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Secure Location-based Authenticated Key Establishment Scheme for Maritime Communication

Secure Location-based Authenticated Key Establishment Scheme...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Saurabh Agrawal Anusha Vangala Ashok Kumar Das Neeraj Kumar Sachin Shetty Sajal K. Das Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar University Patiala India Department of Computational Modeling and Simulation Engineering Old Dominion University Suffolk Virginia USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728190549

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190556

Maritime communication helps vessels and ports plan their movements, exchange environmental information, and communicate among themselves. The vessels' movement and changing location are critical to keep them secure from data interception and data tampering by unauthorized parties during transmission. To secure maritime communication, we propose a novel lightweight authentication scheme sensitive to the current ship location. We assess the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in defending against a range of security threats while keeping communication and computation costs low, and meeting the desired security and functional requirements of anonymity and untraceability. The detailed security analysis using the widely accepted Scyther tool demonstrates that location-based keys as proposed in our protocol are secure against location inference and spoofing attacks among others.

关键词： Resistance Protocols Authentication Seaports Data aggregation Security Servers

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Model for the structure function constant for index of refraction fluctuations in Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence

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Physical Review Fluids 2024年第5期9卷 054605-054605页

作者： Robert A. Handler Richard J. Watkins Silvia Matt K. P. Judd Department of Mechanical Engineering George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA Center for Simulation and Modeling George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA Micro-Photonics Laboratory the Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center Mississippi 39529 USA Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA

A model for the structure function constant associated with the index of refraction fluctuations in Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence is developed. The model is based upon the following assumptions: (1) the turbulence is homogeneous and isotropic at or near the midplane, (2) the rate of production is in balance with the rate of dissipation, (3) an inertial region exists, and (4) estimates for the rate of dissipation of temperature fluctuations and of turbulent kinetic energy can be made by assuming that the large-scale turbulence is dissipated in one eddy turnover time. From these assumptions, the dependence of the structure function on the geometry, heat flux, and the properties of the fluid is obtained. The model predicts that the normalized structure function constant is independent of the Rayleigh number. To verify the model, numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence were performed using two different approaches: an in-house code based on a pseudospectral method, and a finite volume code which employs a model for the smallest scales of the turbulence. The model was found to agree with the results of the simulations, thereby lending support for the assumptions underlying the theory.

关键词： Rayleigh-Bénard convection Turbulence Direct numerical simulations

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Interpreting encoding and decoding models

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus Douglas, Pamela K. Department of Psychology Department of Neuroscience Department of Electrical Engineering Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New YorkNY United States Center for Cognitive Neuroscience University of California Los Angeles CAModeling Simulation Computer Science UCF United States

Encoding and decoding models are widely used in systems, cognitive, and computational neuroscience to make sense of brain-activity data. However, the interpretation of their results requires care. Decoding models can help reveal whether particular information is present in a brain region in a format the decoder can exploit. Encoding models make comprehensive predictions about representational spaces. In the context of sensory experiments, where stimuli are experimentally controlled, encoding models enable us to test and compare brain-computational theories. Encoding and decoding models typically include fitted linear-model components. Sometimes the weights of the fitted linear combinations are interpreted as reflecting, in an encoding model, the contribution of different sensory features to the representation or, in a decoding model, the contribution of different measured brain responses to a decoded feature. Such interpretations can be problematic when the predictor variables or their noise components are correlated and when priors (or penalties) are used to regularize the fit. Encoding and decoding models are evaluated in terms of their generalization performance. The correct interpretation depends on the level of generalization a model achieves (e.g. to new response measurements for the same stimuli, to new stimuli from the same population, or to stimuli from a different population). Significant decoding or encoding performance of a single model (at whatever level of generality) does not provide strong constraints for theory. Many models must be tested and inferentially compared for analyses to drive theoretical progress. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

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Chances and Challenges of ChatGPT and Similar Models for Education in M&S

Chances and Challenges of ChatGPT and Similar Models for Edu...

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2023 Winter simulation Conference, WSC 2023

作者： Tolk, Andreas Barry, Philip Loper, Margaret L. Rabadi, Ghaith Scherer, William T. Yilmaz, Levent The Mitre Corporation Modeling and Analysis Innovation Center 1001 Research Park Blvd #200 CharlottesvilleVA22911 United States L3Harris Corporation Mission Analysis Group 2235 Monroe Street HerndonVA20171 United States Georgia Tech Research Institute Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30308 United States University of Central Florida School of Modeling Simulation and Training 3100 Technology Pkwy OrlandoFL32826 United States University of Virgina Department of Systems and Information Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Auburn University Samuel Ginn College of Engineering Computer Science and Software Engineering AuburnAL36849 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369663

This position paper summarizes the inputs of a group of experts from academia and industry presenting their view on chances and challenges of using ChatGPT within modeling and simulation education. The experts also address the need to evaluate continuous education as well as education of faculty members to address scholastic challenges and opportunities while meeting the expectation of industry. Generally, the use of ChatGPT is encouraged, but it needs to be embedded into an updated curriculum with more emphasis on validity constraints, systems thinking, and ethics. © 2023 IEEE.

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Application of the DEVS Framework in Construction simulation 06

Application of the DEVS Framework in Construction Simulation

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simulation Winter Conference

作者： Sivakumar Palaniappan Anil Sawhney Hessam S. Sarjoughian Del E. Webb School of Construction Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling Simulation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405015

The discrete event systems specification (DEVS) framework is based on systems engineering principles and is used for modeling and simulation in many application domains. This framework supports a number of important features such as component based hierarchical simulation model development, scalability, reusability and distributed simulation. This paper demonstrates the application of the DEVS framework for construction simulation through a simple, but representative real world application. The application focuses on analyzing the work flow between various trade contractors in production home building. The software tool 'DEVSJAVA' is used for modeling and simulation of the construction application. DEVSJAVA is object oriented; it implements the DEVS framework using Java programming language. This paper consists of three main components: an overview of the state-of-the-art in construction simulation methods and tools, an introduction to the DEVS framework, and a detailed construction example to highlight the application of DEVS framework

关键词： Object oriented modeling Application software Discrete event systems Systems engineering and theory Discrete event simulation Scalability Production Buildings Software tools Java

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Proof-of-concept of a networked validation environment for distributed air/ground nextgen concepts

Proof-of-concept of a networked validation environment for d...

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2013 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference

作者： Grisham, James Larson, Natalie Nelson, Justin Reed, Joshua Suggs, Marvin Underwood, Matthew Papelis, Yiannis Ballin, Mark G. University of Texas at Arlington Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Arlington TX 76019 United States University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering La Jolla CA 92093 United States University of Wisconsin-Stout Department of Computer Science Menomonie WI 54751 United States Old Dominion University Department of Aerospace Engineering Norfolk VA 23529 United States Arkansas Tech University Department of Electrical Engineering Russellville AR 72801 United States West Virginia University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Morgantown WV 26506 United States Old Dominion University Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center Norfolk VA 23529 United States NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA 23681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624102257

The National Airspace System (NAS) must be improved to increase capacity, reduce flight delays, and minimize environmental impacts of air travel. NASA has been tasked with aiding the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in NAS modernization. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an enabling technology that is fundamental to realization of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Despite the 2020 FAA mandate requiring ADS-B Out equipage, airspace users are lacking incentives to equip with the requisite ADS-B avionics. A need exists to validate in flight tests advanced concepts of operation (ConOps) that rely on ADS-B and other data links without requiring costly equipage. A potential solution is presented in this paper. It is possible to emulate future data link capabilities using the existing in-flight Internet and reduced-cost test equipment. To establish proof-of-concept, a high-fidelity traffic operations simulation was modified to include a module that simulated Internet transmission of ADS-B messages. An advanced NASA ConOp, Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM), was used to evaluate technical feasibility. A preliminary assessment of the effects of latency and dropout rate on FIM was performed. Flight hardware that would be used by proposed test environment was connected to the simulation so that data transfer from aircraft systems to test equipment could be verified. The results indicate that the FIM ConOp, and therefore, many other advanced ConOps with equal or lesser response characteristics and data requirements, can be evaluated in flight using the proposed concept.

关键词： NASA

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A clustering method for identifying regions of interest in turbulent combustion tensor fields

Mathematics and Visualization

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Mathematics and Visualization 2015年 40卷 323-338页

作者： Maries, Adrian Luciani, Timothy Pisciuneri, P.H. Nik, Mehdi B. Yilmaz, S. Levent Givi, Peyman Marai, G. Elisabeta Learning Research and Development Center University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Computer Science Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States Center for Simulation and Modeling University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Mathworks NatickMA01760 United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL60647 United States

Production of electricity and propulsion systems involve turbulent combustion. Computational modeling of turbulent combustion can improve the efficiency of these processes. However, large tensor datasets are the result of such simulations;these datasets are difficult to visualize and analyze. In this work we present an unsupervised statistical approach for the segmentation, visualization and potentially the tracking of regions of interest in large tensor data. The approach employs a machine learning clustering algorithm to locate and identify areas of interest based on specified parameters such as strain tensor value. Evaluation on two combustion datasets shows this approach can assist in the visual analysis of the combustion tensor field. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

关键词： Combustion

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Implementation of Cloud Computing Environment for Discrete Event System simulation using Service Oriented Architecture

Implementation of Cloud Computing Environment for Discrete E...

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IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, EUC

作者： Chungman Seo Youngshin Han Haeyoung Lee Jason J. Jung Chilgee Lee Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA School of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea CPS Research Team Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon South Korea Yeungnam University Gyeongsan South Korea

This paper presents a cloud computing architecture for discrete event system modeling and simulation. Simulators with models used in the cloud computing are considered as web services which are accessed via web browser. This environment supports the simulation of homogeneous or heterogeneous models without much knowledge of discrete event modeling and simulation.

关键词： Computational modeling XML Cloud computing Service oriented architecture Data models Servers

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