Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently implicated in human diseases. Ther...
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Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently implicated in human diseases. Therefore, an integral resource of PTM–disease associations (PDAs)would be a great help for both academic research and clinical use. In this work, we reported PTMD,a well-curated database containing PTMs that are associated with human diseases. We manually collected 1950 known PDAs in 749 proteins for 23 types of PTMs and 275 types of diseases from the literature. Database analyses show that phosphorylation has the largest number of disease associations, whereas neurologic diseases have the largest number of PTM associations. We classified all known PDAs into six classes according to the PTM status in diseases and demonstrated that the upregulation and presence of PTM events account for a predominant proportion of diseaseassociated PTM events. By reconstructing a disease–gene network, we observed that breast cancers have the largest number of associated PTMs and AKT1 has the largest number of PTMs connected to diseases. Finally, the PTMD database was developed with detailed annotations and can be a useful resource for further analyzing the relations between PTMs and human diseases. PTMD is freely accessible at http://***.
Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (un...
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Background: Cells in the body reside in a dynamic microenvironment subjected to various physical stimuli, where mechanical stimulation plays a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological behaviors and functions....
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Background: Atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of heart attacks and strokes, is the leading cause of death in the United States. Various biological processes such as apoptosis and autophagy are involved in ...
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Background: Atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of heart attacks and strokes, is the leading cause of death in the United States. Various biological processes such as apoptosis and autophagy are involved in almost every stage of atherosclerosis, which could lead to plaque instability causing stroke and death. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine released by macrophages and is involved in multiple disease conditions including stroke. However, the association of FABP4 with macrophage apoptosis and autophagy in atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that silencing FABP4 protein could be a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate macrophage apoptosis and autophagy thereby minimizing plaque instability in atherosclerosis. Methods: RAW264 mouse macrophage cells were transfected with sirna control liposome quantum dots (QD), siFABP4 liposome QD at the concentration of 150 μg/ml total lipids, or TNF-α at 100 ng/ml. Western blot and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis were completed. Results: Inhibiting the translation of FABP4 blocked the apoptotic pathway as evidenced from the increased expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-xL and BCL-2 along with reduced expression of BAX and activated Caspase 3 levels. Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels were also reduced with knocking down FABP4 indicating the attenuation of autophagy. Conclusion: Targeting FABP4 protects against macrophage processes associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of ...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided
In human aging, liver aging per se not only increases susceptibility to liver diseases but also increases vulnerability of other organs given its central role in regulating metabolism. Total liver function tends to be...
In human aging, liver aging per se not only increases susceptibility to liver diseases but also increases vulnerability of other organs given its central role in regulating metabolism. Total liver function tends to be well maintained in the healthy elderly, so liver aging is generally difficult to identify early. In response to this critical challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium of China has formulated an expert consensus on biomarkers of liver aging by synthesizing the latest scientific literature, comprising insights from both scientists and clinicians. This consensus provides a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers associated with liver aging and presents a systematic framework to characterize these into three dimensions: functional, imaging, and humoral. For the functional domain, we highlight biomarkers associated with cholesterol metabolism and liver-related coagulation function. For the imaging domain, we note that hepatic steatosis and liver blood flow can serve as measurable biomarkers for liver aging. Finally, in the humoral domain, we pinpoint hepatokines and enzymatic alterations worthy of attention. The aim of this expert consensus is to establish a foundation for assessing the extent of liver aging and identify early signs of liver aging-related diseases, thereby improving liver health and the healthy life expectancy of the elderly population.
作者:
Jichun YangDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology
School of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of EducationCenter for Non-coding RNA MedicinePeking University Health Science Center
Mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased ATP production and increased ROS production plays important roles in the pathogenesis of *** the past decade,our research had been focused on determining the roles and mec...
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Mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased ATP production and increased ROS production plays important roles in the pathogenesis of *** the past decade,our research had been focused on determining the roles and mechanisms of ATP production in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and *** hepatocytes,ATP can be released to function as a signaling molecule by binding to and activating P2 receptor (ATP receptor).ATP activates P2X receptor subtype to increase influx of extracellular calcium,and activates P2Y receptor subtype to increase calcium release from internal calcium storage such as ***,ATP-triggered slight increase in cellular calcium activates CaM to phosphorylate
Despite the structural consenvation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases,there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase ***,we report that K27-linked...
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Despite the structural consenvation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases,there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase ***,we report that K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN at lysines 66 and 80 switches its phosphoinositide/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity to protein serine/threonine phosphatase ***,high glucose,TGF-β,CTGF,SHH,and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-codingrna,GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation),which associates with an rna-binding E3 ligase,MEX3C,and enhances its enzymatic activity,leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of *** MEX3C-catalyzed PTENK27-polyUb activates its protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity and inhibits its phosphatidylinositol/protein tyrosine phosphatase *** this altered enzymatic activity,PTENK27-polyub dephosphorylates the phosphoserine/threonine residues of TWlST1,SNAI1,and YAP1,leading to accumulation of these master regulators of *** with genetic inhibition of PTENK27polyUb,by a single nucieotide mutation generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (PtenK80R/K80R),exhibit inhibition of EMT markers during mammary gland morphogenesis in pregnancy/lactation and during cutaneous wound healing *** findings illustrate an unexpected paradigm in which the Incrna-dependent switch in PTEN protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity is important for physiological homeostasis and disease development.
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