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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Y.H. Kim F.L. Lewis D.M. Dawson Automation and Robotics-Research Institute University of Texas Arlington South Fort Worth TX USA Center for Advanced Manufacturing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The paper is concerned with the application of quadratic optimization for motion control to feedback control of robotic systems using neural networks. Explicit solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for optimal control of robotic systems are found by solving an algebraic Riccati equation. It is shown how neural networks can cope with nonlinearities through optimization with no preliminary off-line learning phase required. The adaptive learning algorithm is derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, so that both system tracking stability and error convergence can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system. The filtered tracking error or critic gain and the Lyapunov function for the nonlinear analysis are derived from the user input in terms of a specified quadratic performance index. Simulation results on a two-link robot manipulator show the satisfactory performance of the proposed control schemes even in the presence of large modeling uncertainties and external disturbances.

关键词： Robots Riccati equations Neural networks Nonlinear equations Lyapunov method Performance analysis Motion control Feedback control Optimal control Algorithm design and analysis

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Feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems: a path space iteration approach

Feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems: a path space it...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： F. Lizarralde J.T. Wen L. Hsu Department of ElectronicEngineering Engineering School Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center of Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing Department of Electrical Computer and SystemsEngineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE-EE) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

We consider the feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems. The design methodology is based on a class of iterative methods, which has previously been proposed for the path planning and feedback stabilization of nonholonomic systems. We show that this scheme guarantees the closed loop asymptotic stability for a class of nonlinear systems.

关键词： Feedback Nonlinear systems Optimal control Iterative methods Nonlinear control systems Control systems Current control Linear systems Design methodology Path planning

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Characterization of Singular Controls for Nonholonomic Path Planning

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1996年第1期29卷 2460-2465页

作者： Dan O. Popa John T. Wen Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing Dept. of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180

A class of Iterative algorithms have been proposed in recent years for the nonholonomic motion planning problem. The convergence of these algorithms predicates on the control signal in each iteration be "nonsingular". At the present, the singularity structure is only identified for the unicycle and front-wheel-drive car kinematic models. In this paper, we extend the consideration to all systems reducible to one-chain form, which include unicycle, car, as well as any N-trailer system. In particular, we show that a control is singular if and only if the first control variable is identically zero. We also identified all singular controls for the ball rolling on a plate problem. which is not reducible to the one-chain form.

关键词： Nonholonomic motion planning Nonholonomic Systems Path Planning Gradient algorithms Singular Controls

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TETROBOT modular robotics: prototype and experiments

TETROBOT modular robotics: prototype and experiments

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： G.J. Hamlin A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

TETROBOT is a modular system for the design, implementation, and control of a class of highly redundant parallel robotic mechanisms. This paper describes new experimental results based on evaluation of prototype configurations with up to 18 nodes, 48 links and 15 actuators. TETROBOT is an actuated robotic structure which may be reassembled into many different configurations while still being controlled by the same hardware and software architecture. Implementations of a double octahedral platform, a tetrahedral arm and a six-legged walker, constructed from the same set of parts, are described. The TETROBOT system addresses the needs of application domains, such as space, undersea, mining, and construction, where adaptation to unstructured and changing environments and custom design for rapid implementation are required.

关键词： Prototypes Collision mitigation robotics and automation Robot sensing systems Manipulators Fasteners Parallel robots Control systems Orbital robotics Manufacturing automation

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Tetrobot family tree: modular synthesis of kinematic structures for parallel robotics

Tetrobot family tree: modular synthesis of kinematic structu...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： A.B. Neville A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing and Department Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

Parallel robots can be built by linking together unit cells in configurations which retain the static determinacy of the overall structure. In the Tetrobot system, the kinematics of these concatenated structures can be solved by propagation of solutions through connected graphs of linked modules. In this paper, we examine the synthesis of unit cells which could be used in creating these structures and retain the ability to compute the kinematics for control of the actuated system. Admissible unit cells are shown to form families in two- and three-dimensions, and a set of synthesis rules is described which generates the members of these families recursively for each generations. The resulting set of modules comprises a broad set of useful cells which can be used to design parallel robots and guarantee the computability of their kinematics on a cell-by-cell basis.

关键词： Kinematics Parallel robots robotics and automation Control system synthesis Manufacturing automation computer aided manufacturing Concurrent computing Systems engineering and theory Joining processes Concatenated codes

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Application of feature-based multi-view servoing for lamp filament alignment

Application of feature-based multi-view servoing for lamp fi...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： R. Joshi A.C. Sanderson NYS Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing and Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

This paper presents an application of feature-based visual servoing to achieve accurate and robust 3D filament alignment. Two orthogonal cameras are used to localize the five degrees of freedom of an axi-symmetric filament. An algorithm for precisely estimating the center and orientation features of a filament in a camera view is described. The use of feature-based servoing overcomes the difficulty of 3D camera calibration in a factory environment. These features drive a PID control loop for each view. The two views are coupled in one degree of freedom, and the multiple-view controller switches between two single-view controllers to achieve 3D servoing. The overall accuracy achieved is in thousandths of an inch. Experimental results on the performance of the control algorithm are discussed. Models explaining the system behavior are presented. The use of visual servoing in this application far exceeds the positioning accuracy and the repeatability of human operators.

关键词： Lamps Cameras Visual servoing robotics and automation Manufacturing automation Robot vision systems Robustness Application software computer aided manufacturing Calibration

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Real-time robot motion control with circulatory fields

Real-time robot motion control with circulatory fields

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： L. Singh H. Stephanou J. Wen NYS Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics Automation and Manufacturing Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

This paper introduces a new feedback algorithm for steering a point robot through an obstacle field. The key innovation is the use of a circulatory field to rotate the robot path around the obstacles instead of the common potential field which repels the robot. This idea is motivated by a charged particle in a magnetic field generated by a current flowing around the obstacle. In constrast, the potential field approach is associated with a repulsive static electric field generated by charges of the same polarity as the robot, on the obstacle. The circulatory field does not generate any spurious local minimum as it does not change the total energy of the system. By combining with an attractive potential field associated with the desired destination, this method achieves global convergence while avoiding collisions with obstacles.

关键词： Robot motion Motion control Robot control robotics and automation Feedback Manufacturing automation computer aided manufacturing Orbital robotics Electrostatics Navigation

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Modular robotics: design and examples

Modular robotics: design and examples

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory automation (ETFA)

作者： A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics and Automation and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute RPI Troy NY USA Intellignet robotics Laboratory Institute for Information Science and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

An object-oriented modular approach to the engineering of complex robotic systems emphasizes reliability, reusability, ease of development, and user and network interfaces. This modular approach integrates many architectural principles and computational techniques which support adaptive and learning capability at the local, modular level. The TETROBOT is a modular and reconfigurable robotic system which was developed to demonstrate the reliable performance in a wide variety of task domains through reconfiguration of the same fundamental hardware and software components. Such a modular approach emphasizes the synthesis and integration of engineering modules and takes advantage of object-oriented engineering principles to design for a family of tasks. This paper provides an overview of the TETROBOT modular system and describes three modular systems in other applications domains.

关键词： Robots Hardware Robustness Humans Indium phosphide Utility programs

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Task planning and project management using Petri nets

Task planning and project management using Petri nets

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IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)

作者： Jongwook Kim A.A. Desrochers A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Automation and Robotics and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

The demand for effective project management increases as the complexity and cost of a project grown. This paper introduces an interactive project management approach based on the Petri net to overcome the limitations of network diagrams. In the Petri net based approach, the project manager does fine tuning of the planning and scheduling with the resource constraints embedded in the plan representation. The Petri net controller maintains three plan representations. The reference, monitor and predictor Petri nets. These three nets are configured with the resource database to form a feedback loop such that the controller can monitor and control the project online. This structure is applicable to the control of more general discrete event dynamic systems as well as the project management problem. In case no admissible control action can be found, the manager turns to the rescheduling/replanning mode to generate a new plan and schedule.

关键词： Project management Petri nets Monitoring robotics and automation Costs Resource management Building materials Scheduling Visualization Roads

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Robot motion planning for sensor-based control with uncertainties

Robot motion planning for sensor-based control with uncertai...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： L.A. Page A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

This paper describes a new representation for sensing and control uncertainties in sensor-based robot control, and presents motion planning algorithms that use this representation. The planning algorithms employ a robot's sensing capabilities as needed to accomplish a task, by activating sensors at points or intervals during motion. A sensor is represented by three quantities: a domain, which is the set of robot configurations at which a valid measurement can be taken; an absolute sensing uncertainty held, which describes the sensor's absolute (global) accuracy; and an incremental motion uncertainty, which describes the sensor's relative (pertaining to displacements) accuracy. Control uncertainty represents the ability of a controller to drive the measured error near zero. These descriptions of sensing and control capability determine the evolution of uncertainty in a sensor-based motion plan. Two complementary algorithms for motion planning with the new representation are presented. One is a backprojection algorithm which searches globally (in configuration space and the available sensors) for ways to achieve a particular subgoal. The other searches locally (in path space) to satisfy all the constraints in a planning problem. Examples of uncertainty evaluation and motion planning in two degrees of freedom are presented.

关键词： Robot motion Motion planning Motion control Uncertainty Robot sensing systems Robot control Sensor phenomena and characterization Displacement measurement Motion measurement Error correction

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