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Estimate for PCB Pattern Fusing Characteristic Due to Abnormal Current and Safety Design

Journal of Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 2025年第3期28卷 242-252页

作者： Horikawa, Tai Marumoto, Yoshinobu Inagawa, Shingo Yamauchi, Tsuneaki Sagara, Takashi Electronics Reliability Engineering Group System Integration and EE Architecture Engineering Department EE and Systems Engineering Division Nissan Motor Co.Ltd 560-2 Okatsukoku Kanagawa Atsugi243-0192 Japan Circuit Board Field Engineering Department Manufacturing and Quality Innovation Center Electronic Materials Business Division Panasonic Industry Co. Ltd. 111 Aza-Ishizuka Fukushima Koriyama963-8556 Japan

If a current overloads a PCB pattern capability, the PCB pattern is heated by the current. The method of stopping abnormal current is pattern fusing. It is important to clarify the pattern fusing characteristics because pattern fusing carries the risk of insulation deterioration due to long-term heating. The risk of a fire hazard can be reduced by taking advantage of the fusing characteristics of PCB patterns. A simple method is proposed based on static approximation without iterative calculations. Model parameters are determined experimentally and can then be used to design safe equipment. © 2025 Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fire hazards

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Low Chirp Dual-Racetrack Modulator for PAM-4 Modulation with Low Driving Voltage

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第10期43卷 4840-4847页

作者： Yu, Fuhao Zeng, Zhaobang Tang, Kaifei Yang, Shichong Ji, Xiang Xin, Yu Gu, Tingyi Jiang, Wei Nanjing University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Engineering Research Center for Precision Photonics Integration & System Applications Ministry of Education Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Institute of Optical Communication Engineering Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Nanjing210044 China University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States

Micro-ring modulators with a small footprint and energy consumption have been explored for densely integrated high throughput optical interconnects. However, their strong dispersive response results in frequency chirp and pulse broadening, which limits their signal transmission distance. Here we explore the low chirp operation of a dual-racetrack modulator symmetrically coupled to a bus waveguide. With opposite index changes in the two resonators, the coherent couplings of two resonators' optical fields with the bus waveguide and their interference can cancel out the output phase variation due to a single resonator. This allows the push-pull operation to achieve a lower chirp compared to the single-drive operation. The advantage of lower chirp operation is experimentally verified through open eye diagram with 100 Gbps PAM-4 transmitted over 2 km single-mode fiber (SMF), with a peak-to-peak driving voltage of 1.6 V. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Single mode fibers

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Toward High-Accuracy and Low-Latency Group Vehicle Trajectory Prediction With Linear UNet-Enhanced Fully Connected Spatial–Temporal Graph Neural Network

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 11797-11811页

作者： Zhang, Zirui Huang, Xumin Yu, Rong Wu, Maoqiang Kang, Jiawen Xie, Shengli Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoT Ministry of Education Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Optimization Integration Guangzhou510006 China South China Normal University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Foshan528225 China Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou510006 China

Group vehicle trajectory prediction (GVTP) is important for analyzing the traffic states and optimizing the traffic management. However, existing studies have performance bottlenecks in the prediction accuracy and inference latency. To tackle the problems, we propose a linear UNet-enhanced fully connected spatial–temporal GNN (LUFC-STGNN) for GVTP. First, a spatial graph is constructed by integrating prior-based and data-driven methods to capture both explicit and implicit spatial interactions between the vehicles. After that, a comprehensive temporal graph is created to capture the varying strengths of temporal interactions between all vehicles throughout historical timestamps. Furthermore, a fully connected spatial–temporal graph combining the spatial and temporal graphs is introduced to extract the effective spatial–temporal interaction features of the vehicles through the graph convolution operation. Finally, a linear UNet-based temporal dependency encoder (LU-TDE) is designed to further enhance the model’s ability of capturing the potential temporal patterns in the vehicle interactions. The encoder with linear complexity explores the multiscale temporal dependencies from the spatial–temporal interaction features but also reducing the inference latency. Experiments results based on real-world datasets show that compared to state-of-the-art models, our model reduces the average root mean square error over the 5-s prediction horizon by 31% and 10% on the NGSIM and HighD datasets, while reducing the inference latency by at least 1.26 times. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Prediction models

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High-Capacity and High-Density FBG Array Sensing Demodulation system Based on High-Speed Wavelength-Swept REC-DFB Laser Array 4

High-Capacity and High-Density FBG Array Sensing Demodulatio...

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Yang, Shijie Dai, Pan Ban, Qilu Wang, Yu Wang, Jiacheng Xu, Kaichuan Fan, Yaqiang Dong, Junwei He, Zilong Zhang, Yixin Wang, Feng Chen, Xiangfei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation The Ministry of Education & Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application The Ministry of Education National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Institute of Optical Communication Engineering Nanjing University Tongding Joint Lab for large-scale photonic integrated circuits Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210093 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, with the advantages of precise real-time monitoring and strong anti-interference capabilities, has been widely applied in various fields, including aerospace, petrochemical, and power transmission. This study presents an FBG sensing demodulation system applicable to high-capacity, high-density fiber sensing through quasi-distributed networking using multipoint FBG sensor arrays, capable of dense monitoring through multi-channel parallel operation and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The FBG sensing demodulation system primarily consists of a wavelength-swept semiconductor laser source and its parallel driving control module, a multiplexed FBG sensor array section, and a signal acquisition and demodulation module. The laser source is a distributed feedback (DFB) laser array, integrating 20 individual laser units at high density, based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique. A continuous coverage of wavelength tuning range, exceeding 40 nm in the C-band range, is achieved, with a maximum sweeping speed of 2.5 kHz and a tuning speed of 100,000 nm/s. The FBG sensor array section can deploy multiple non-identical WDM fiber grating arrays. The system can operate at high sweeping speeds of 1 kHz and 2.5 kHz, yielding great sensing results in temperature experiments, strain experiment and vibration experiment. The proposed FBG sensing system meets the application demands for high-capacity and dense quasi-distributed fiber sensing, exhibiting significant advantages in sensor load capacity, measurement precision, and especially measurement speed, with promising future applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Enhancing three-way reforming in a blast furnace: insights into the effects of hexagonal boron nitride addition on Ni-Cu-based catalysts with different supports and their reaction mechanisms

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Research on Chemical Intermediates 2025年 1-23页

作者： Chen, Yi-Chun Wu, Jeffrey C. S. Nguyen, Van-Huy Cheng, Wen-Hui Lin, Yu-Jeng Lin, Che-Min Wang, Chun-Hsiu Lin, Shih-Kang Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam603103 India Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Green Energy and System Integration Research and Development Department Technology Division China Steel Corporation Kaohsiung City81233 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

The steelmaking industry is one of the largest sources of CO2 emissions, highlighting the urgent need for effective greenhouse gas reduction strategies. This research successfully developed innovative catalysts that integrate the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction and dry reforming of methane (DRM) to enable a three-way reforming process, utilizing CO2, CH4, and H2 as reaction gases or coke oven gas (COG) as a feedstock. Notably, it demonstrates a near-complete direct CO2 reduction from COG. Catalytic performance was optimized by evaluating supports (MgAl2O4, hydrotalcites (MG30, MG70), SiO2, and ZSM-5), metals/metal oxide loadings (Ni, Cu, Ni-Cu), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Additionally, the catalysts were characterized to elucidate their morphology, structure, and thermal stability. The 8Ni-2Cu/***30 catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic performance, achieving high CO2, and CH4 conversion rates with remarkable CO space–time yield (3328.7 mg gcat−1 h−1). Incorporating h-BN enhanced stability, mitigating coke formation and deactivation, while COG proved to be an effective feedstock. Experiments and theory were also designed to understand the reaction mechanism further. The findings confirm that H-induced CO2 decomposition is the primary pathway for CO2 dissociation, where adsorbed H* species preferentially interact with CO2* in the gas phase, facilitating efficient conversion. This work highlights three-way reforming as a promising approach for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing by-product gas utilization, marking a significant step toward sustainable steel production. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

关键词： Electric furnace process

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Large-Area Bonding for Direct Cooling for Applications in Power Inverters

Large-Area Bonding for Direct Cooling for Applications in Po...

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International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP)

作者： Shin-Il Kim Yong-Ho Ko Dongjin Kim Advanced Packaging Integration Center (APIC) Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) Incheon Republic of Korea Convergence Manufacturing System Engineering University of Science Technology (UST) Dajeon Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9784991191190

ISBN: (纸本)9798331514747

We introduce an easy way to mass-produce direct cooling for power modules using a facial laser source, a novel designed heat sink, and a low-temperature solder. The serpentine shape heat sink was successfully combined using the laser soldering processes within 30 s to the back surface of direct bonded copper (DBC), forming inter metallic compounds (IMCs) within 1 $\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ . Furthermore, this direct cooling manufacturing method can suppress the void percentage by 3.18%. The novel bonding design and process of heat sinks can minimize thermal deformation at the bonding interface of power modules due to instantaneous heat input.

关键词： Shape Power lasers Multichip modules Surface emitting lasers Inverters Trigeneration Heat sinks Bonding Soldering Surface treatment

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PromptHC: Multi-attention prompt guided haze-weather crowd counting

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Expert systems with Applications 2025年 286卷

作者： Shen, Jienan Tong, Liangang Li, Shaohua Kong, Weihang School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Information Technology Center Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration Qinhuangdao066004 China

Existing crowd counting methods encounter the challenge of degraded performance in hazy weather due to the blurring of pedestrian outlines. However, current hazy-weather crowd counting methods primarily focus on extracting crowd features, often neglecting the varying degrees of distortion in pedestrian outlines caused by inhomogeneous haze distribution. To this end, this paper develops a multi-attention prompt guided method for hazy-weather crowd counting, termed PromptHC. Specially, to explore the relationship between varying haze concentrations and the pedestrian outlines, a multi-attention dynamically adjustable prompt module is designed to provide crucial prompts about crowd features in hazy weather. Meanwhile, to further enhance the anti-interference capability of the model in hazy weather, a progressive guidance module is incorporated, which effectively reduces interference from different haze concentrations by guiding the learning of crowd attention. Furthermore, a global context-enhanced crowd feature extraction module is designed to capture precise global information. A series of ablation studies verify the actual effectiveness of each core component of the PromptHC. In addition, we conduct a performance comparison with the current mainstream methods on two hazy-weather datasets. Experimental results show the feasibility and superiority of the PromptHC for the hazy-weather crowd counting task. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Feature extraction

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Non-Line-of-Sight Multipath Classification Method for BDS Using Convolutional Sparse Autoencoder with LSTM

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2025年第1期30卷 68-86页

作者： Yahang Qin Zhenni Li Shengli Xie Bo Li Ming Liu Victor Kuzin School of Automation Guangdong University of Technologyand also with Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete ManufacturingGuangzhou 510006China School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoTMinistry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologHong Kong 999077China Academician of Russian Engineering Academy Moscow Moscow 125009Russia

Multipath signal recognition is crucial to the ability to provide high-precision absolute-position services by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite system(BDS).However,most existing approaches to this issue involve supervised machine learning(ML)methods,and it is difficult to move to unsupervised multipath signal recognition because of the limitations in signal *** by an autoencoder with powerful unsupervised feature extraction,we propose a new deep learning(DL)model for BDS signal recognition that places a long short-term memory(LSTM)module in series with a convolutional sparse autoencoder to create a new autoencoder ***,we propose to capture the temporal correlations in long-duration BeiDou satellite time-series signals by using the LSTM module to mine the temporal change patterns in the time ***,we develop a convolutional sparse autoencoder method that learns a compressed representation of the input data,which then enables downscaled and unsupervised feature extraction from long-duration BeiDou satellite series ***,we add an l_(1/2) regularizer to the objective function of our DL model to remove redundant neurons from the neural network while ensuring recognition *** tested our proposed approach on a real urban canyon dataset,and the results demonstrated that our algorithm could achieve better classification performance than two ML-based methods(e.g.,11%better than a support vector machine)and two existing DL-based methods(e.g.,7.26%better than convolutional neural networks).

关键词： convolutional sparse autoencoder BeiDou Navigation Satellite system(BDS) long short-term memory(LSTM) multipath classification

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Significant enhancement of the negative electrocaloric effect in Mn-doped PbHfO3 films

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Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2025年 206卷

作者： Zhao, Yongqing Li, Wenhua Tang, Xingui Jian, Zhifei Liang, Yongxi Zhao, Renkai Chen, Kaijie Jiang, Yanping Guo, Xiaobin Yan, Kai Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Physics and System Integration Applications School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou510006 China Analysis and Test Center of Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the demand for refrigeration in large-scale integrated circuits is steadily increasing. The electrocaloric effect (ECE), recognized as a core mechanism of emerging solid-state refrigeration technologies, has garnered significant attention. In this study, Pb1-xMnxHfO3 (PMH-100x) films with a high negative electrocaloric effect (NECE) were fabricated. Further research reveals that the enhancement of the NECE in PMH-100x films results from the incorporation of Mn2+ into PbHfO3 (PHO). Mn2+ doping obviously improves the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition behavior, leading to the enhanced NECE performance. Experimental findings indicate that the PHO film with a Mn2+ doping concentration of 0.5 % exhibits the highest NECE performance. In PMH-0.5 film, it achieves ΔS = 15.1 J K−1 kg−1 and ΔT = −18.8 K at 60 °C under 533 kV/cm, representing a 33.3 % improvement compared to the pure PMH-0.0 sample. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that varying Mn2+ doping concentrations induces a transition from NECE to positive electrocaloric effects (PECE) in the samples. For instance, high PECE were observed in PMH-1.0 and PMH-2.0 films, with corresponding ΔT values of 9.4 K and 15.5 K, respectively. This transformation has considerable practical implications for refrigeration technologies that combine NECE and PECE. The present research provides a promising candidate material for solid-state refrigeration in integrated circuits. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Transparent conducting oxides

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Nanoengineering silicon materials by metal-assisted chemical etching for thermal energy harvesting

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Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2025年 195卷

作者： Van Toan, Nguyen Tran, Ngoc Dang Khoa Kim Tuoi, Truong Thi Said, Suhana Mohd Mohd Sabri, Mohd Faizul Ono, Takahito of Engineering Tohoku University Japan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya Malaysia Micro System Integration Center Tohoku University Japan

Low-thermal heat waste energy harvesting represents a transformative technology for powering wireless sensing networks and electronic devices, particularly in remote and challenging environments. This review comprehensively examines the utilization of nanoporous silicon materials for thermal energy harvesting applications, focusing on their fabrication through metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and their unique properties that enhance energy conversion efficiency. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoporous silicon significantly improves heat interaction and thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. We analyze the material properties and fabrication methods of nanoporous silicon, providing detailed evaluation of its performance in thermal energy harvesting applications. Experimental data demonstrates that nanoporous silicon achieves thermoelectric figures of merit (ZT) comparable to traditional materials while offering environmental and economic advantages. The review presents two innovative approaches for thermoelectric generators: solid-state configurations and ionic liquid implementations. Through systematic material evaluation and application demonstrations, we establish nanoporous silicon as an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for thermal energy harvesting. Our findings indicate that nanoporous silicon not only addresses the limitations of conventional thermoelectric materials but also provides a scalable and sustainable approach for enhancing energy harvesting system performance. This research contributes to advancing sustainable energy technologies and improving the viability of wireless sensing networks across various environmental conditions. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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