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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Situating tau pathology and neuroinflammation along the principal gradients of brain organisation in Alzheimer’s disease

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2022年第S5期18卷

作者： Julie Ottoy Min Su Kang Yi-Hsuan Yeh Reinder Vos de Wael Bo-yong Park Jonah Isen Mary Agopian Gleb Bezgin Firoza Z Lussier Sulantha Mathotaarachchi Jenna Stevenson Mira Chamoun Nesrine Rahmouni Robert Hopewell Gassan Massarweh Jean-Paul Soucy Serge Gauthier Boris Bernhardt Sandra E. Black Pedro Rosa-Neto Maged Goubran LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging Montréal QC Canada McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal QC Canada Department of Data Science Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of (South) Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science Suwon Korea Republic of (South) Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal QC Canada

Background The spread of abnormal tau along connectivity-based networks is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, activated microglia was shown to affect tau spread across networks. However, traditional network approaches using atlas-defined regions suffer from assuming within-region homogenous connectivity, as well as abrupt and linear connectivity changes between the regions; while, in fact, brain structure and function exist as complex overlapping axes of connectivity variation. Here, we studied smooth/continuous spatial transitions or ‘gradients’ of connectivity and their link to gradients of pathology in AD. This work provides novel insights into brain architecture driving pathology spread. Method We enrolled 220 individuals including 106 cognitively normal Aβ-negative (A-) and 37 A+, and 77 MCI/AD A+ (TRIAD). From diffusion-weighted MRI and fMRI data, we estimated region-to-region fiber count and correlated timeseries, respectively, and averaged subject-wise connectivity matrices to create structural and functional ‘template connectomes’. From 18 F-MK6240 and 11 C-PBR28 PET data, we extracted regional tau and neuroinflammation SUVR values, respectively, and created covariance matrices for each disease stage. Next, the template connectomes/covariance matrices were subjected to non-linear dimensionality reduction to extract embedded components (‘gradients’). We correlated the primary gradients of functional or structural connectivity (G1 FC /G1 SC ) with the primary and secondary gradients of tau or neuroinflammation (G1 TAU /G2 TAU ; G1 INFLAM /G2 INFLAM ). We employed three brain atlases for validation: high-resolution customized Glasser-atlas (1332 equally-sized subregions), DKT, and Schaefer-100. Result G1 FC replicated the previously reported ‘uni-to-transmodal’ functional gradient ( Margulies 2016) and correlated strongly with G1 TAU in cognitively impaired A+ ( Fig.1 A); illustrating a common topographic variation in tau spread and functiona

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210P Real-world outcomes in patients (pts) with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and germline/tumour BRCA mutations (g/tBRCA1/2m) receiving 1st-line (1L) CDK4/6i plus endocrine therapy (ET)

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ESMO Open 2023年第1期8卷 101399-101399页

作者： A. Safonov E. Nizialek I. Gibson S. Khosla E. Sofianopoulou N. Lukashchuk J.S. Brown M. Robson P. Razavi Graduate Medical Education Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Late Development Oncology AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA Global Medical Affairs AstraZeneca Cambridge UK Late Data Science and Real World Evidence Oncology Data Science AstraZeneca Cambridge UK Research and Development Oncology AstraZeneca Cambridge UK Translational Medicine AstraZeneca Cambridge UK Late Development Oncology AstraZeneca Cambridge Surrey UK Medicine Department Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA

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Relationship between sleep and respiratory characteristics and antibody levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients

Relationship between sleep and respiratory characteristics a...

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亚洲睡眠医学会2021年学术大会暨第十三届中国睡眠研究会年会

作者： Xijuan Zheng Sizhi Ai Tianqi Di Lu Tan Yanping Bao Ping Wu Le Shi Yan Sun Shiqiu Meng Xiuping Yang Yirong Li Guofu Huang Xiong Chen Bin Zhang Xiangdong Tang Lin Lu Jie Shi Peking University Health Science Center Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science Center Department of Cardiology Heart CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalXinxiang Medical University Sleep Medicine Center Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineMental Health Center and Translational Neuroscience CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) Sleep Medicine Center Zhongnan HospitalWuhan University Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongnan HospitalWuhan University Wuhan Wuchang Hospital Wuhan University of Science and Technology Department of Psychiatry Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) related sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia(IH) could induce dysfunction of the immune system. Serum levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) specific antibodies in both acute and convalescent periods may reflect the disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). This study intended to explore the correlation between OSA and COVID-19. Methods: A total of 102 COVID-19 convalescent patient(s36 males and 66 females)were included. We monitored the sleep and respiratory characteristics by PSG and tested immunoglobulin G(IgG) titers targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike(S) protein,recombinant receptor binding domain(RBD) and nucleocapsid(N) protein quantitatively. We also followed up the SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers. Results: According to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),the convalescent COVID-19 patients were divided into non OSA group(AHI < 5 events/h,34 patients),mild OSA group(5 ≤ AHI < 15 events/h,33 patients) and moderate-severe OSA group(AHI ≥ 15 events/h,35 patients). The results showed that 34.3% participants with moderate-severe OSA had higher levels of body mass index(BMI),higher proportion of male,higher levels of anti-N IgG and total IgG titers compared with participants without OSA. Multivariate linear regression model revealed that oxygen desaturation index(ODI) during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep,BMI,microarousal index(MAI) and time since symptom onset were independently associated with anti-N IgG titers. The SARSCoV-2 IgG titers declined over time. The declines were independently correlated with interval between first and second testing,MAI and ODI during non-REM sleep. Conclusions: The severity of OSA,especially the recurrent IH and sleep fragmentation were particular independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients. This study suggested that IH and sleep fragmentation might increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and contribute to a stronger immune respo

关键词： Sleep Obstructive sleep apnea COVID-19 Antibody IgG

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Analysis of COVID-19 Guideline Quality and Change of Recommendations:A Systematic Review

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Health data science 2021年第1期2021卷 88-109页

作者： Siya Zhao Shuya Lu Shouyuan Wu Zijun Wang Qiangqiang Guo Qianling Shi Hairong Zhang Juanjuan Zhang Hui Liu Yunlan Liu Xianzhuo Zhang Ling Wang Mengjuan Ren Ping Wang Hui Lan Qi Zhou Yajia Sun Jin Cao Qinyuan Li Janne Estill Joseph LMathew Hyeong Sik Ahn Myeong Soo Lee Xiaohui Wang Chenyan Zhou Yaolong Chen School of Public Health Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Institute of Health Data Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Department of Pediatric Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital ChengduChina Evidence-Based Medicine Center School of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChina International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Institute of Global Health University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science University of BernBernSwitzerland Advanced Pediatrics Centre PGIMER ChandigarhChandigarhIndia Department of Preventive Medicine Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Korea Cochrane Centre SeoulRepublic of Korea Evidence Based Medicine SeoulRepublic of Korea Korea University School of Medicine SeoulRepublic of Korea Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine DaejeonRepublic of Korea University of Science and Technology DaejeonRepublic of Korea London Southbank University LondonUK Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine TianjinChina WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation LanzhouChina Guideline International Network Asia China Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Lanzhou University GRADE Center China

*** of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and expert consensus statements have been developed and published since the outbreak of the ***,these CPGs are of widely variable ***,this review is aimed at systematically evaluating the methodological and reporting qualities of COVID-19 CPGs,exploring factors that may influence their quality,and analyzing the change of recommendations in CPGs with evidence *** searched five electronic databases and five websites from 1 January to 31 December 2020 to retrieve all COVID-19 *** assessment of the methodological and reporting qualities of CPGs was performed using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT *** and evidence used to make recommendations in the CPGs regarding some treatments for COVID-19(remdesivir,glucocorticoids,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interferon,and lopinavir-ritonavir)were also systematically *** the statistical inference was performed to identify factors associated with the quality of *** included a total of 92 COVID-19 CPGs developed by 19 ***,the RIGHT checklist reporting rate of COVID-19 CPGs was 33.0%,and the AGREE II domain score was 30.4%.The overall methodological and reporting qualities of COVID-19 CPGs gradually improved during the year *** associated with high methodological and reporting qualities included the evidence-based development process,management of conflicts of interest,and use of established rating systems to assess the quality of evidence and strength of *** recommendations of only seven(7.6%)CPGs were informed by a systematic review of evidence,and these seven CPGs have relatively high methodological and reporting qualities,in which six of them fully meet the Institute of Medicine(IOM)criteria of ***,a rapid advice CPG developed by the World Health Organization(WHO)of the seven CPGs got the highest overa

关键词： register formal transparency

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#5413 FRONTIER-1: A PHASE 2B STUDY OF IL-33 BLOCKADE IN DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2023年第SUPPLEMENT_1期38卷

作者： Marin, Elena Liarte Musial, Barbara Seth, Asha Slidel, Timothy Conway, James Baker, David Hansen, Pernille Laerkegaard Challis, Benjamin Bhat, Maria Bartesaghi, Stefano Pecoits-Filho, Roberto Tu, Xiao Selvarajah, Viknesh Woollard, Kevin Heerspink, Hiddo Lambers Hofherr, Alexis AstraZeneca Bioscience Renal Mölndal Sweden AstraZeneca Oncology Data Science Cambridge United Kingdom AstraZeneca Oncology Data Science Gaithersburg United States of America AstraZeneca Bioscience Metabolism Cambridge United Kingdom AstraZeneca Bioscience Renal United Kingdom AstraZeneca Translational Science & Experimental Medicine Cambridge United Kingdom AstraZeneca Translational Science & Experimental Medicine Mölndal Sweden Arbor Research Collaborative for Health Ann Arbor United States of America Pontifical Catholic University of Parana School of Medicine Brazil AstraZeneca Research and Early Clinical Development Gaithersburg United States of America AstraZeneca Research and Early Clinical Development Cambridge United Kingdom University Medical Center Groningen Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Netherlands The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Australia AstraZeneca Research and Early Clinical Development Mölndal Sweden

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The beneficial effect on cognition of noninvasive brain stimulation intervention in patients with dementia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Alzheimer's research and Therapy 2023年第1期15卷 1-15页

作者： Tseng, Ping-Tao Chen, Yen-Wen Zeng, Bing-Yan Zeng, Bing-Syuan Hung, Chao-Ming Sun, Cheuk-Kwan Cheng, Yu-Shian Stubbs, Brendon Carvalho, Andre F. Brunoni, Andre R. Su, Kuan-Pin Tu, Yu-Kang Wu, Yi-Cheng Chen, Tien-Yu Lin, Pao-Yen Liang, Chih-Sung Hsu, Chih-Wei Chu, Che-Sheng Suen, Mein-Woei Li, Cheng-Ta Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology Kaohsiung City Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Psychology College of Medical and Health Science Asia University Taichung Taiwan Division of Community & Rehabilitation Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital No. 201 Sec. 2 Shipai Road Beitou District Taipei City 11267 Taiwan Institute of Precision Medicine National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine E-Da Dachang Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine E-Da Cancer Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery E-Da Cancer Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan I-Shou University School of Medicine for International Students Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Psychiatry Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital Kaohsiung Jen-Ai’s Home Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London London United Kingdom Physiotherapy Department South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom Faculty of Health Social Care Medicine and Education Anglia Ruskin University Chelmsford United Kingdom Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre School of Medicine Barwon Health Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria Faculdade de Medicina da USP São Paulo Brazil Departamento de Ciências Médicas Faculdade de Medicina da USP São Paulo Brazil Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) China Med

Background: Dementia [i.e., Alzheimer disease (AD)], the most common neurodegenerative disease, causes profound negative impacts on executive function and quality of life. Available pharmacological treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, which focally modify cortical function and enhance synaptic long-term potentiation, are potentially beneficial for the cognition in patients with AD. The aim of the current network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different NIBS interventions in patients with AD through NMA. Methods: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining NIBS interventions in patients with AD had been included. All NMA procedures were performed under the frequentist model. The primary and secondary outcomes were changes in cognitive function and quality of life, respectively. Results: Nineteen RCTs (639 participants) were included. The mean treatment and follow-up durations were 5.7 and 10.5 weeks, respectively. The combination of cathodal tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anodal tDCS over the right supraorbital region (c-tDCS-F3 + a-tDCS-Fp2) was associated with a significant beneficial effect on cognition compared with sham controls (standardized mean difference=2.43, 95% confidence interval=0.61–4.26, n=12 and 11). It was also associated with the greatest beneficial effect on cognition among all the investigated NIBS approaches. All the methods were well tolerated with regard to the safety profile, as reflected in the rates of adverse events or local discomfort, as well as acceptability, as indicated by dropout rate. Conclusions: The present findings provide evidence of the benefits of NIBS, especially tDCS, for beneficial effect on cognition in patients with AD. However, because of few studies included, this effect was not replicated yet in the other studies. Therefore, future larger-scale and longer follow-up duration RCTs should be warr

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cognition Dementia Neuropathology Primary care

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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Is an Ultra Large Natural Image-Based Foundation Model Superior to a Retina-Specific Model for Detecting Ocular and Systemic Diseases?

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hou, Qingshan Zhou, Yukun Goh, Jocelyn Hui Lin Zou, Ke Yew, Samantha Min Er Srinivasan, Sahana Wang, Meng Lo, Thaddaeus Lei, Xiaofeng Wagner, Siegfried K. Chia, Mark A. Yang, Dawei Jiang, Hongyang Ran, AnRan Santos, Rui Somfai, Gabor Mark Zhou, Juan Helen Chen, Haoyu Chen, Qingyu Cheung, Carol Yim-Lui Keane, Pearse A. Tham, Yih Chung Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London United Kingdom Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London United Kingdom Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Stadtspital Zürich Zurich Switzerland Spross Research Institute Zurich Switzerland Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Centre for Sleep and Cognition Centre for Translational MR Research Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University the Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shantou China Shantou University Medical College Guangdong Shantou China Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven United States Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore

The advent of foundation models (FMs) is transforming medical domain. In ophthalmology, RETFound, a retina-specific FM pre-trained sequentially on 1.4 million natural images and 1.6 million retinal images, has demonstrated high adaptability across clinical applications. Conversely, DINOv2, a general-purpose vision FM pre-trained on 142 million natural images, has shown promise in non-medical domains. However, its applicability to clinical tasks remains underexplored. To address this, we conducted head-to-head evaluations by finetuning RETFound and three DINOv2 models (large, base, small) for ocular disease detection and systemic disease prediction tasks, across eight standardized open-source ocular datasets, as well as the Moorfields AlzEye and the UK Biobank datasets. DINOv2-large model outperformed RETFound in detecting diabetic retinopathy (AUROC=0.850–0.952 vs. 0.823-0.944, across three datasets, all P≤0.007) and multi-class eye diseases (AUROC=0.892 vs. 0.846, P Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ophthalmology

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Caractéristiques des aggravations symptomatiques de l’asthme et/ou de la BPCO rapportées par les patients et concordance avec les exacerbations rapportées par les médecins

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Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 2025年第1期17卷 215-216页

作者： H. Müllerová E. Rapsomaniki R. Hughes J. Marshall L. Belton D. Patel A. Papi B.J. Make P.R. Burgel M. Sadatsafavi B. Chipps H.K. Reddel C. Janson Medical Evidence Respiratory and Immunology BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Cambridge Royaume-Uni Real World Data Science Medical Evidence Biopharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Cambridge Royaume-Uni Research and Early Development Respiratory and Immunology Clinical BioPharmaceuticals R&amp D AstraZeneca Cambridge Royaume-Uni BioPharmaceuticals Medical Medical Affairs Respiratory and Immunology AstraZeneca Cambridge Royaume-Uni Biostatistics BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Cambridge Royaume-Uni Medical Evidence Respiratory and Immunology BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD États-Unis Respiratory Medicine Unit Department of Translational Medicine Università di Ferrara Ferrara Italie National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Denver CO États-Unis Department of Respiratory Medicine Cochin Hospital Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris université Paris Cité institut Cochin Inserm U1016 Paris France Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center Sacramento CA États-Unis The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Macquarie Medical School Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District Sydney Australie Department of Medical Sciences Respiratory Allergy and Sleep Research Uppsala University Uppsala Suède

Introduction Les exacerbations de l’asthme et/ou de la BPCO sont des évènements cliniques importants, mais l’aggravation des symptômes rapportées par les patients et les exacerbations rapportées par les médecins peuvent différer. Méthodes NOVELTY ( NCT02760329 ) est une étude observationnelle internationale portant sur des patients atteints d’asthme et/ou de BPCO selon le diagnostic effectué par leur médecin. Les épisodes d’aggravation rapportés par les patients ( patient reported episodes of worsening , PREW) ont été enregistrés tous les 3 mois. L’analyse des exacerbations, telles que rapportées par les médecins, comprenait des informations sur la date de début et les médicaments prescrits et la prise en charge médicale. Nous avons évalué les caractéristiques des patients ayant signalé une PREW au cours des 3 derniers mois de la première année de suivi, par comparaison avec les exacerbations rapportées par les médecins au cours de la même période. Résultats Parmi 5214 patients atteints d’asthme et/ou de BPCO, des PREW ont été signalés par 56 %, 55 % et 50 % des patients atteints d’asthme, d’asthme + BPCO et de BPCO, respectivement, sur cette période de 3 mois. Une exacerbation a été rapportée respectivement pour 9 %, 16 % et 12 % des patients. Près de la moitié des PREW sans exacerbations correspondantes ont reçu un traitement. Les patients avec PREW et sans exacerbations (par rapport à PREW et exacerbations) étaient plus fréquemment des hommes et plus fréquemment fumeurs, avaient une fonction respiratoire plus élevée, une intensité de symptômes respiratoires plus faible et moins de consultations médicales. Ils présentaient également un profil de comorbidité différent, par exemple, moins de RGO, d’allergies, de bronchectasies chez les asthmatiques et moins d’emphysème chez les patients BPCO. Conclusion Les patients atteints d’asthme et/ou de BPCO rapportent fréquemment des épisodes d’aggravation des symptômes (PREW) traités et non traités sans diagnostic concom

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