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Effect of individual atmospheric parameters on beam spreading of higher-order Gaussian beam

Optical and Quantum Electronics 2024年第12期56卷 1-18页

作者： kumar, Mukesh Khandelwal, Arpit Azeemuddin, Syed Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Behrend College Penn State University EriePA United States

The beam spreading is essential for evaluating the higher-order Gaussian beam when it propagates through atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we investigate the impact of individual atmospheric parameters such as jitter, turbulence, wind speed, and thermal blooming on beam spreading of Hermite Gaussian (HG), and Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams. We also examine spot size variations due to beam quality on various HG and LG modes. It is seen that the impact of spreading caused by beam quality and turbulence is higher than that of jitter, wind speed, and thermal blooming. As the mode order increases, the effect of turbulence strength increases, leading to more spread for HG and LG beams. Spreading due to diffraction and beam quality on higher mode LG beam is higher than the HG beam in different modes. Beam spreading due to thermal blooming for the lower mode is higher compared to the higher mode for LG and HG beams. The sensitivity of higher mode LG beams to turbulence distortions is greater than HG beams as they experience more significant fractional increases in their spot size due to turbulence. The combined beam spread for the Laguerre Gaussian beam is larger than the Hermite Gaussian beam. This paper aims to understand better individual beam spreading in the atmosphere and its impact on the overall performance of higher-order laser propagation to develop optimized laser systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Gaussian beams

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Foot Step Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Materials 5

Foot Step Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Materials

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5th IEEE International Conference on Computational systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions, CSITSS 2021

作者： Gadgay, Baswaraj Shubhangi, D.C. Abhishek, H. VTU Center for PG Studies Department of VLSI Design Embedded System Kalaburagi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406109

As electrical energy utilization is expanding dramatically. Consequently, the need of a secure and financially reasonable force age and dissemination framework requests a specific interest. This paper proposes a model that utilizes human strolling, hopping and running as a well spring of energy and stores it for fundamental use. Such a model is able in demography that of a nation like India which has a particularly immense person on foot populace. This paper represents a technique for gathering this human headway energy with the utilization of piezoelectric sensor and shows an application with the put away energy for example to charge a cell phone safely and also used to glow an LED based on the motion using the passive infrared sensor. The ground response power (GRF) applied from the foot, when changed over to voltage by piezoelectric sensors is sufficiently fit to control up a device. Progressive effort prompts a periodic voltage develop which with appropriate hardware can be utilized to charge a capacity battery. The force created by this method can likewise be utilized in essential application, for example, road lighting, notice sheets, exercise centers and different spaces of public area. It likewise advances efficient power energy and climate agreeable methodology towards energy age. In this paper we have given the essential idea and configuration subtleties of this model and a fundamental execution of the equivalent. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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A 2.75-2.94 GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Low Gain Variation for Quantum Sensing Applications

A 2.75-2.94 GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Low Gain ...

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International Conference on vlsi Design

作者： Adithya Sunil Edakkadany Kuntal Desaiz Abhishek Srivastavay Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies (CVEST) IIIT Hyderabad Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kanpur

ISBN: (数字)9781665485050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496612

Quantum sensing applications such as nitrogen vacancy based magnetometry require phase locked loops (PLL), which can synthesize microwave frequencies in a narrow band near 2.87 GHz. Moreover, it is also required that the PLLs should have low noise and low jitter for high stability and fast settling time. These requirements seek low phase noise voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with small variation in its gain (K VCO ) within the desired tuning range. In this paper, we present a technique for designing a low phase noise VCO with low K VCO and small K VCO variation. To validate the proposed technique, an LC VCO has been designed and implemented in 0.18 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS process and post layout simulation results are presented. The simulation results show that the proposed LC VCO achieves K VCO variation of ±3.82% in the frequency range of 2.75 - 2.94 GHz and exhibits a phase noise of −118.64 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz, while consuming 9 mW of power from a 1.8 V supply.

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Enhancement of Sensitivity of Radio Frequency Based Biomolecule Detection in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles: A Feasibility Study

Enhancement of Sensitivity of Radio Frequency Based Biomolec...

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International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic Modeling and Optimization for RF, Microwave, and Terahertz Applications (NEMO)

作者： Annesha Mazumder Prabhakar Bhimalapuram Syed Azeemuddin Tapan K. Sau Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technology International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Mississippi Oxford MS USA

In this work, the role of gold nanoparticles in enhancing the sensitivity of Radio Frequency based biomolecule detection is assessed. A facile, efficient and rapid microstrip patch antenna based sensor, resonating at 61.747 GHz is utilized for the analysis. Gold nanoparticles are placed in the vicinity of biomolecules, and the extent of improvement is studied under various conditions. In particular, different morphological variations and arrangements of gold particles are investigated. The results indicate that, in general, the presence of gold nanoparticles contributes towards sensitivity improvement. However, the amount of enhancement strongly depends upon the morphological features and arrangements of gold particles and varies within 5-65% for the scenarios studied in this case.

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A hybrid explainable ensemble transformer encoder for pneumonia identification from chest X-ray images

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Journal of Advanced Research 2023年 48卷 191-211页

作者： Ukwuoma, Chiagoziem C. Qin, Zhiguang Belal Bin Heyat, Md Akhtar, Faijan Bamisile, Olusola Muaad, Abdullah Y. Addo, Daniel Al-antari, Mugahed A. School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China IoT Research Center College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong Shenzhen 518060 China Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies International Institute of Information Technology Telangana Hyderabad 500032 India Department of Science and Engineering Novel Global Community Educational Foundation Hebersham 2770 NSW Australia School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu 611731 China Sichuan Industrial Internet Intelligent Monitoring and Application Engineering Technology Research Center Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu China Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Manasagangothri Mysore India Department of Artificial Intelligence College of Software & Convergence Technology Daeyang AI Center Sejong University Seoul 05006 South Korea

Introduction: Pneumonia is a microorganism infection that causes chronic inflammation of the human lung cells. Chest X-ray imaging is the most well-known screening approach used for detecting pneumonia in the early stages. While chest-Xray images are mostly blurry with low illumination, a strong feature extraction approach is required for promising identification performance. Objectives: A new hybrid explainable deep learning framework is proposed for accurate pneumonia disease identification using chest X-ray images. Methods: The proposed hybrid workflow is developed by fusing the capabilities of both ensemble convolutional networks and the Transformer Encoder mechanism. The ensemble learning backbone is used to extract strong features from the raw input X-ray images in two different scenarios: ensemble A (i.e., DenseNet201, VGG16, and GoogleNet) and ensemble B (i.e., DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, and Xception). Whereas, the Transformer Encoder is built based on the self-attention mechanism with multilayer perceptron (MLP) for accurate disease identification. The visual explainable saliency maps are derived to emphasize the crucial predicted regions on the input X-ray images. The end-to-end training process of the proposed deep learning models over all scenarios is performed for binary and multi-class classification scenarios. Results: The proposed hybrid deep learning model recorded 99.21% classification performance in terms of overall accuracy and F1-score for the binary classification task, while it achieved 98.19% accuracy and 97.29% F1-score for multi-classification task. For the ensemble binary identification scenario, ensemble A recorded 97.22% accuracy and 97.14% F1-score, while ensemble B achieved 96.44% for both accuracy and F1-score. For the ensemble multiclass identification scenario, ensemble A recorded 97.2% accuracy and 95.8% F1-score, while ensemble B recorded 96.4% accuracy and 94.9% F1-score. Conclusion: The proposed hybrid deep learning framewo

关键词： Chest X-ray imaging Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Pneumonia identification Self-attention network Transfer ensemble learning Transformer encoder (TE)

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Geometry Scaling Impact on Leakage Currents in FinFET Standard Cells Based on a Logic-Level Leakage Estimation Technique

Geometry Scaling Impact on Leakage Currents in FinFET Standa...

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International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications, ICMEET 2017

作者： Abbas, Zia Zahra, Andleeb Olivieri, Mauro Mastrandrea, Antonio Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technology IIIT Hyderabad Hyderabad India DIET Spaienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789811073281

Static power consumption is one of the most critical issues in CMOS digital circuits, and FinFET technology is being recognized as a valid solution for the problem. In this chapter, we utilize a logic-level leakage current estimation technique relying on an internal node voltage-based model. The model is implemented in the form of VHDL packages. By utilizing the capability of the model, the behavior of major leakage component has been analyzed separately for FinFET technology scaling over single- and multi-stage digital standard cells. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.

关键词： FinFET

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Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors: Recent Progress on Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors: From Design and Materials to Applications (Adv. Mater. Technol. 4/2021)

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Advanced Materials Technologies 2021年第4期6卷

作者： Rishabh B. Mishra Nazek El-Atab Aftab M. Hussain Muhammad M. Hussain mmh Labs Electrical Engineering Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technology (CVEST) International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad Telangana 500032 India Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) Cory Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1770 USA

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Methods for Booting an All Programmable system-on-Chip over PCl Express Link 8

Methods for Booting an All Programmable System-on-Chip over ...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, ICCIC 2017

作者： Sarmah, Mrinal J Saikrishna, Bokka Abhiram Kumar, Anil Vikramasimhan, Kamalesh Azeemuddin, Syed Xilinx Inc. Processors Software and System Applications Group Hyderabad India IIIT Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066209

An All Programmable system-on-Chip (SoC) solution consisting of a hardened processor and a programmable fabric solution has been identified as a growing heterogeneous programmable platform catering to variety of application areas including communication, remote radio head, and software-defined radio and so on. The process to boot such a SoC with embedded processor and programmable fabric has been a challenge considering the complexity involved in multiple stages of booting. The boot sequence typically involves loading of first stage loader, configuring the programmable fabric with configuration bitstream followed by loading of user boot loader. Booting with typical boot devices like Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI), NAND or NOR flash results in increased boot time. The embedded PCI Express block in such SoC can be used as a carrier for the boot image including the user boot loader and the bitstream. The boot loader can be transferred from a remote host PC to the SoC's on chip memory over PCle link. Such boot process imparts significant improvement in boot time and ensures boot image security since the boot images can be stored in a secure processing system. Using boot over PCIe methodology, the authors have experimentally found 20x improvement in boot time over the state-of-the-art boot mechanisms. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： system-on-chip

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Circuits for Initializing Simplex Communication Channels

Circuits for Initializing Simplex Communication Channels

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IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

作者： Mrinal J Sarmah Syed Azeemuddin Processors Software and System Applications Group Xilinx Inc Hyderabad India IIIT Hyderabad Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Hyderabad India

High-speed serial communication protocols are widely used in modern communication systems. High-speed serial protocols enable bandwidth scalability and system cost reduction. Full duplex serial communication involves a bi-directional data transfer from the link partners. A simplex communication channel enables one-way data transmission from one link partner to the other. Simplex channels are used in systems where uni-directional data transfer is required, for example a display device. Simplex channels further reduce the overall system cost. Initializing the simplex communication channel is challenging because of the lack of a back channel to communicate the link status from the receiver to the transmitter. Most of the protocols include a simplex sideband channel to communicate the link status. A sideband channel adds to the overall system cost. In this paper, the authors have discussed about a novel initialization methodology to initialize the high-speed simplex communication link to achieve 2x saving in logic area and 1.5x increase in latency.

关键词： Bonding Receivers Transmitters Protocols Amplitude modulation Delays Clocks

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Methods for Booting an All Programmable system-on-Chip Over PCl Express Link

Methods for Booting an All Programmable System-on-Chip Over ...

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IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

作者： Mrinal J. Sarmah Bokka Abhiram Saikrishna Anil Kumar A.V. Kamalesh Vikramasimhan Syed Azeemuddin Processors Software and System Applications Group Xilinx Inc. Hyderabad India IIIT Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066223

关键词： Fabrics Booting Loading Security Hardware system-on-chip

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