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Lecture Notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2014年 8899卷 110-120页

作者： Wirkert, Sebastian J. Clancy, Neil T. Stoyanov, Danail Arya, Shobhit Hanna, George B. Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter Sauer, Peter Elson, Daniel S. Maier-Hein, Lena Division Medical and Biological Informatics German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery Institute of Global Health Innovation Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London London United Kingdom Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Department of Gastroenterology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319134093

Endoscopic procedures provide important information about the internal patient anatomy but are currently restricted to a 2D texture analysis of the visible organ surfaces. Spectral imaging has high potential in generating valuable complementary information about the molecular tissue composition but suffers from long image acquisition times. As the technique requires an aligned stack of images, its benefit in endoscopic procedures is still very limited due to continuous motion of the camera and the tissue. In this paper, we present an information theory based approach to band selection for endoscopic spectral imaging. In contrast to previous approaches, our concept does not require labelled training data or an elaborate light-tissue interaction model. According to a validation study using phantom data as well as in vivo spectral data obtained from five surgeries in a porcine model, only few bands selected by our method are sufficient to reconstruct the tissue composition with a similar accuracy as obtainable with the full spectrum. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

关键词： Tissue

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Optimal Verification of the Bell State and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States in Untrusted Quantum Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Han, Yun-Guang Li, Zihao Wang, Yukun Zhu, Huangjun State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China

Bipartite and multipartite entangled states are basic ingredients for constructing quantum networks and their accurate verification is crucial to the functioning of the networks, especially for untrusted networks. Here we propose a simple approach for verifying the Bell state in an untrusted quantum network in which one party is not honest. Only local projective measurements are required for the honest party. It turns out each verification protocol is tied to a probability distribution on the Bloch sphere and its performance has an intuitive geometric meaning. This geometric picture enables us to construct the optimal and simplest verification protocols, which are also very useful to detecting entanglement in the untrusted network. Moreover, we show that our verification protocols can achieve almost the same sample efficiencies as protocols tailored to standard quantum state verification. Furthermore, we establish an intimate connection between the verification of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and the verification of the Bell state. By virtue of this connection we construct the optimal protocol for verifying Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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The incel lexicon: Deciphering the emergent cryptolect of a global misogynistic community

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Gothard, Kelly Dewhurst, David Rushing Minot, Joshua R. Adams, Jane Lydia Danforth, Christopher M. Dodds, Peter Sheridan Computational Story Lab Vermont Complex Systems Center MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science Vermont Advanced Computing Core The University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05401 United States Charles River Analytics 625 Mount Auburn Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05401 United States Department of Computer Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05401 United States

Evolving out of a gender-neutral framing of an involuntary celibate identity, the concept of 'incels' has come to refer to an online community of men who bear antipathy towards themselves, women, and society-at-large for their perceived inability to find and maintain sexual relationships. By exploring incel language use on Reddit, a global online message board, we contextualize the incel community's online expressions of misogyny and real-world acts of violence perpetrated against women. After assembling around three million comments from incel-themed Reddit channels, we analyze the temporal dynamics of a data driven rank ordering of the glossary of phrases belonging to an emergent incel lexicon. Our study reveals the generation and normalization of an extensive coded misogynist vocabulary in service of the group's identity. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Approach to image dimension reduction and its application to face images

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Dianzi Yu Xinxi Xuebao/Journal of Electronics and Information Technology 2008年第1期30卷 180-184页

作者： Xu, Yong Yang, Jian Zhao, Ying-Nan Song, Feng-Xi Yang, Jing-Yu Department of Computer Science and Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Biometrics Research Center Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Physics Science and Information Engineering Jishou University Jishou 416000 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China

As a technique of feature extraction, 2DPCA is effective and efficient. Different from traditional PCA, it directly computes projection of one image matrix onto vector, to obtain feature for the image. In fact, 2DPCA is optimal for dimension compression under this consideration. There are two approaches to implement 2DPCA. The two approaches transform images into different spaces, and emphasize horizontal feature and vertical feature of face images respectively. Because the features extracted by the two approaches may complement each other, two schemes are designed to perform feature fusion. Experiments based on the fused features achieve high classification right rates.

关键词： Image processing

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Robust Voltage Regulation for DC Microgrids via Passivity-Based Sliding Mode Control

Robust Voltage Regulation for DC Microgrids via Passivity-Ba...

引用

International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems, VSS

作者： Edoardo Vacchini Michele Cucuzzella Pablo Borja Antonella Ferrara Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG) Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands School of Engineering Computing and Mathematics University of Plymouth Plymouth U.K.

ISBN: (数字)9798350353686

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353693

This paper proposes a decentralized sliding mode control approach to the voltage regulation problem in a DC microgrid consisting of distributed generation units interconnected with each other through resistive-inductive power lines and supplying unknown nonlinear loads. In particular, the port-Hamiltonian structure of the system suggests the design of a suitable sliding manifold such that the system on this manifold exhibits desired passivity properties. This approach simplifies the control design and relaxes some restrictive assumptions required by other controllers proposed in the literature, while offering satisfactory performance.

关键词： Manifolds Variable structure systems Power transmission lines Microgrids Power system stability Stability analysis Robustness Reduced order systems Voltage control Sliding mode control

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Learning A Coarse-to-Fine Diffusion Transformer for Image Restoration

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Liyan Yang, Qinyu Wang, Cong Wang, Wei Pan, Jinshan Su, Zhixun School of Mathematical Sciences Dalian University of Technology Dalian China The Key Laboratory for Computational Mathematics and Data Intelligence of Liaoning Province The Liaoning Center for Applied Mathematics China The Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Dalian University of Technology Dalian China The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

Recent years have witnessed the remarkable performance of diffusion models in various vision tasks. However, for image restoration that aims to recover clear images with sharper details from given degraded observations, diffusion-based methods may fail to recover promising results due to inaccurate noise estimation. Moreover, simple constraining noises cannot effectively learn complex degradation information, which subsequently hinders the model capacity. To solve the above problems, we propose a coarse-to-fine diffusion Transformer (C2F-DFT) for image restoration. Specifically, our C2F-DFT contains diffusion self-attention (DFSA) and diffusion feed-forward network (DFN) within a new coarse-to-fine training scheme. The DFSA and DFN respectively capture the long-range diffusion dependencies and learn hierarchy diffusion representation to facilitate better restoration. In the coarse training stage, our C2FDFT estimates noises and then generates the final clean image by a sampling algorithm. To further improve the restoration quality, we propose a simple yet effective fine training scheme. It first exploits the coarse-trained diffusion model with fixed steps to generate restoration results, which then would be constrained with corresponding ground-truth ones to optimize the models to remedy the unsatisfactory results affected by inaccurate noise estimation. Extensive experiments show that C2F-DFT significantly outperforms diffusion-based restoration method IR-SDE and achieves competitive performance compared with Transformer-based state-of-the-art methods on 3 tasks, including image deraining, image deblurring, and real image denoising. Code is available at https://***/wlydlut/C2F-DFT. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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svMorph: Interactive geometry-editing tools for virtual patient-specific vascular anatomies

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Pham, Jonathan Wyetzner, Sofia Pfaller, Martin R. Parker, David W. James, Doug L. Marsden, Alison L. Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Pediatrics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Stanford Research Computing Center Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Bioengineering Department of Pediatrics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

We propose svMorph, a framework for interactive virtual sculpting of patient-specific vascular anatomic models. Our framework includes three tools for the creation of tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenoses in tubular vascular geometries. These shape edits are performed via geometric operations on the surface mesh and vessel centerline curves of the input model. The tortuosity tool also uses the physics-based Oriented Particles method, coupled with linear blend skinning, to achieve smooth, elastic-like deformations. Our tools can be applied separately or in combination to produce simulation-suitable morphed models. They are also compatible with popular vascular modeling software, such as SimVascular. To illustrate our tools, we morph several image-based, patient-specific models to create a range of shape changes and simulate the resulting hemodynamics via three-dimensional, computational fluid dynamics. We also demonstrate the ability to quickly estimate the hemodynamic effects of the shape changes via automated generation of associated zero-dimensional lumped-parameter models. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Geometry

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Quantum-Informed Recursive Optimization Algorithms

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Finžgar, Jernej Rudi Kerschbaumer, Aron Schuetz, Martin J.A. Mendl, Christian B. Katzgraber, Helmut G. BMW AG Munich Germany Technical University Munich School of CIT Department of Computer Science Garching Germany Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab SeattleWA United States AWS Center for Quantum Computing PasadenaCA United States Technical University of Munich Institute for Advanced Study Garching Germany

We propose and implement a family of quantum-informed recursive optimization (QIRO) algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems. Our approach leverages quantum resources to obtain information that is used in problem-specific classical reduction steps that recursively simplify the problem. These reduction steps address the limitations of the quantum component (e.g., locality) and ensure solution feasibility in constrained optimization problems. Additionally, we use backtracking techniques to further improve the performance of the algorithm without increasing the requirements on the quantum hardware. We showcase the capabilities of our approach by informing QIRO with correlations from classical simulations of shallow circuits of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), solving instances of maximum independent set and maximum satisfiability problems with hundreds of variables. We also demonstrate how QIRO can be deployed on a neutral atom quantum processor to find large independent sets of graphs. In summary, our scheme achieves results comparable to classical heuristics even with relatively weak quantum resources. Furthermore, enhancing the quality of these quantum resources improves the performance of the algorithms. Notably, the modular nature of QIRO offers various avenues for modifications, positioning our work as a template for a broader class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for combinatorial optimization. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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Robust Segmentation of Brain MRI in the Wild with Hierarchical CNNs and no Retraining

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Billot, Benjamin Magdamo, Colin Arnold, Steven E. Das, Sudeshna Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London United Kingdom Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital United States Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States

Retrospective analysis of brain MRI scans acquired in the clinic has the potential to enable neuroimaging studies with sample sizes much larger than those found in research datasets. However, analysing such clinical images "in the wild" is challenging, since subjects are scanned with highly variable protocols (MR contrast, resolution, orientation, etc.). Nevertheless, recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and domain randomisation for image segmentation, best represented by the publicly available method SynthSeg, may enable morphometry of clinical MRI at scale. In this work, we first evaluate SynthSeg on an uncurated, heterogeneous dataset of more than 10,000 scans acquired at Massachusetts General Hospital. We show that SynthSeg is generally robust, but frequently falters on scans with low signal-to-noise ratio or poor tissue contrast. Next, we propose SynthSeg+, a novel method that greatly mitigates these problems using a hierarchy of conditional segmentation and denoising CNNs. We show that this method is considerably more robust than SynthSeg, while also outperforming cascaded networks and state-of-the-art segmentation denoising methods. Finally, we apply our approach to a proof-of-concept volumetric study of ageing, where it closely replicates atrophy patterns observed in research studies conducted on high-quality, 1 mm, T1-weighted scans. The code and trained model are publicly available at https://***/BBillot/SynthSeg. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Multi-path routing protocol based on divide and conquer strategy in ad hoc network

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/computer Research and Development 2008年第1期45卷 55-62页

作者： Wang, Li Zhang, Suwei Li, Zhansheng Song, Linjian Technological Olympic Engineering Research Center North China Institute of Computing Technology Beijing 100083 China Department of Software Platform North China Institute of Computing Technology Beijing 100083 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Routing in MANETs can be accomplished through either single path or multiple paths. Multipath routing may be used for various other reasons such as load-balancing, congestion avoidance, lower frequency of route inquiries and to achieve a lower overall routing overhead and better fault-tolerance. However, multipath routing shows degraded performance with increased distance between the source node and the destination node. Following a policy of divide and rule, a node-balanced scheme is proposed to solve this problem. In the proposed scheme, first the munipath routing protocol is used to find the best routing path from the source node to the destination node;then the routing path is divided into several segments and every segment is traded with the multipath routing policy. As every segment has the best performance, the performance of the whole network is improved accordingly. Furthermore how the moderate node is chosen to replace the failed node between the two adjacent segments is also discussed. Simulation results show that the new scheme not only significantly improves the performance of the network, but also can find more number of routing paths when increasing the distance between the source nodes and the destination nodes. The new scheme is also very easy to implement.

关键词： Routing protocols

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