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arXiv 2025年

作者： Josenhans, Calvin Kuehlkamp, Andrey Nabrzyski, Jarek Department of Computer Science Indiana University IN United States Center for Research Computing University of Notre Dame IN United States

Ethereum is currently the second largest blockchain by market capitalization and a popular platform for cryptocurrencies. As it has grown, the high value present and the anonymity afforded by the technology have led Ethereum to become a hotbed for various cybercrimes. This paper seeks to understand how these fraudulent schemes may be characterized and develop methods for detecting them. One key feature introduced by Ethereum is the ability to use programmable smart contracts to execute code on the blockchain. A common use of smart contracts is implementing fungible tokens with the ERC-20 interface. Such tokens can be used to impersonate legitimate tokens and defraud users. By parsing the event logs emitted by these ERC-20 contracts over 20 different periods of 100K blocks, we construct token transfer graphs for each of the available ERC-20 tokens on the blockchain. By analyzing these graphs, we find a set of characteristics by which suspicious contracts are distinguished from legitimate ones. These observations result in a simple model that can identify scam contracts with an average of 88.7% accuracy. This suggests that the mechanism by which fraudulent schemes function strongly correlates with their transfer graphs and that these graphs may be used to improve scam-detection mechanisms, contributing to making Ethereum safer. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Smart contract

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Federated Meta Continual Learning for Efficient and Autonomous Edge Inference 24th

Federated Meta Continual Learning for Efficient and Autono...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Li, Bingze Ho, Stella Qu, Youyang Xu, Chenhao Luan, Tom H. Gao, Longxiang Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne VIC Melbourne Australia School of Information Technology Deakin University VIC Geelong Australia School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

With an increasing volume of data being collected and processed on edge, Federated Learning (FL) has become a dominant approach to train shared global models on distributed data held by diverse edge clients without exposing privacy. However, with expectations of high-quality user experience, instantaneous intelligent decisions must be made at the network edge to meet performance, security, and latency requirements. Intuitively, this challenge becomes more daunting as edge devices are constrained by limited computing and storage resources. Furthermore, edge clients need to continuously acquire, update, accumulate, and apply knowledge in domains requiring the processing of sensitive data and long-term model training. It has been proven that edge clients often forget previous tasks knowledge after learning new tasks, resulting in catastrophic forgetting. To mitigate this, we propose a Federated Meta Continual Learning (FMCL) approach. It requires edge clients not only to learn new tasks quickly but also to memorize rapidly. Specifically, we adopted a MAML (Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning) framework with memory replay, setting up buffers at edge clients to consolidate old tasks. In such a way, the model learns optimal initialization to quickly adapt to all seen tasks while preventing catastrophic forgetting. Extensive evaluation results indicate that FMCL performs well in alleviating catastrophic forgetting and achieves a good balance between learning new tasks and remembering existing tasks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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IIM-ARE: An Effective Interactive Incentive Mechanism based on Adaptive Reputation Evaluation for Mobile Crowd Sensing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16181-16191页

作者： Tang, Xiangyan Liu, Jingxin Li, Keqiu Tu, Wenxuan Xu, Xinbin Xiong, Neal N. Tianjin University College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin300350 China Hainan University School of Computer Science and Technology Haikou570228 China Hainan University Hainan Blockchain Technology Engineering Research Center Haikou570100 China Hainan University School of Cyberspace Security Haikou570228 China School of Cyberspace Security Hainan University Haikou570228 China Department of Computer Mathematical and Physical Sciences Sul Ross State University AlpineTX79830 United States

Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS), as an innovative data acquisition model in the Internet of Things (IoT), employs an incentive mechanism based on users' reputation evaluation, which is a mainstream reward allocation method. However, in the existing incentive mechanisms based on reputation evaluation, uni-directional incentive strategies and non-Adaptive reputation models result in unequal reward allocation. To tackle this issue, we propose an effective interactive incentive mechanism based on adaptive reputation evaluation. Specifically, we generate user status thresholds to classify, rate, and weight user behaviors, based on the average quality thresholds of tasks released or data submitted by different users in each interaction round. Meanwhile, we achieve multi-party consensus by incorporating the obtained user reputation values and combining them with the cumulative reputation values from multiple rounds to obtain adaptive reputation evaluation results. Moreover, we design an interactive incentive strategy that measures users' incentive values based on their reputation evaluation results in each round, mutually punishing malicious behaviors from both the publisher's and the worker's perspectives. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that our method consistently outperforms existing advanced incentive mechanisms. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Sensors Evaluation models Internet of Things Adaptation models Resource management Reliability Mobile computing Particle measurements Mathematical models Data models

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Exploring Gaze Dynamics: Initial Findings on the Role of Listening Bystanders in Conversational Interactions

Exploring Gaze Dynamics: Initial Findings on the Role of Lis...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Jonathan Ehret Valentin Dasbach Jan-Nikjas Hartmann Janina Fels Torsten W. Kuhlen Andrea Bönsch Visual Computing Institute RWTH Aachen University Germany Department of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University Germany Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics RWTH Aachen University Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331514846

ISBN: (纸本)9798331525637

This work-in-progress paper investigates how virtual listening bystanders influence participants’ gaze behavior and their perception of turn-taking during scripted conversations with embodied conversational agents (ECAs). 25 participants interacted with five ECAs – two speakers and three bystanders – across three conditions: no bystanders, bystanders exhibiting random gazing behavior, and social bystanders engaging in mutual gaze and backchanneling. Participants either observed the conversation or actively participated as speakers by reciting prompted *** results indicated that bystanders reduced the participants’ attention to speakers, hindering their ability to anticipate turn changes and resulting in longer delays in shifting their gaze to the new speaker after an ECA yielded the turn. Random gazing bystanders were particularly noted for obscuring conversational flow. These findings underscore the challenges of designing effective and natural conversational environments, highlighting the need for careful consideration of ECA behaviors to enhance user engagement.

关键词： visualization Three-dimensional displays Social groups Conferences Oral communication Virtual reality Gaze tracking User interfaces Delays Complexity theory

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Exploring Gaze Dynamics: Initial Findings on the Role of Listening Bystanders in Conversational Interactions

Exploring Gaze Dynamics: Initial Findings on the Role of Lis...

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2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops, VRW 2025

作者： Ehret, Jonathan Dasbach, Valentin Hartmann, Jan-Nikjas Fels, Janina Kuhlen, Torsten W. Bönsch, Andrea Visual Computing Institute Rwth Aachen University Germany Rwth Aachen University Department of Computer Science Germany Rwth Aachen University Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331514846

This work-in-progress paper investigates how virtual listening bystanders influence participants' gaze behavior and their perception of turn-taking during scripted conversations with embodied conversational agents (ECAs). 25 participants interacted with five ECAs - two speakers and three bystanders - across three conditions: no bystanders, bystanders exhibiting random gazing behavior, and social bystanders engaging in mutual gaze and backchanneling. Participants either observed the conversation or actively participated as speakers by reciting prompted *** results indicated that bystanders reduced the participants' attention to speakers, hindering their ability to anticipate turn changes and resulting in longer delays in shifting their gaze to the new speaker after an ECA yielded the turn. Random gazing bystanders were particularly noted for obscuring conversational flow. These findings underscore the challenges of designing effective and natural conversational environments, highlighting the need for careful consideration of ECA behaviors to enhance user engagement. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： bystanders conversations eye tracking social groups turn taking Virtual reality

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Securing Consumer IoT Swarms Using Graph Transformers and SRAM for Firmware Attestation 22

Securing Consumer IoT Swarms Using Graph Transformers and SR...

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22nd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2025

作者： Kohli, Varun Kohli, Bhavya Aman, Muhammad Naveed Sikdar, Biplab National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Center for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India School of Computing University of Nebraska-Lincoln United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508050

Consumer Internet of Things (IoT) networks have gained widespread popularity due to their convenience, automation, and security provisions in personal and home environments. Ubiquitous resource-constrained devices, however, are plagued with security issues that often arise from firmware-related issues and their propagated effects. While various studies on firmware attestation are available, they require firmware copies, specific hardware, and complex computation on the IoT device. This paper presents a study on the application of Graph Transformer Networks (GTN) in verifying the firmware integrity of consumer IoT swarms using SRAM as an attestation feature. The proposed method achieves an overall 0.99 accuracy on authentic samples from development and physical twin networks, 0.99 on malware, and 0.97 on propagated misbehavior at a ∼ 10^-4 second inference latency on a laptop CPU. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly Detection Firmware Attestation Graph Neural Network (GNN) Internet of Things (IoT) Malware Detection Security Swarm Attestation

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Performance Analysis and Power Allocation for Massive MIMO ISAC Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2025年 73卷 1691-1707页

作者： Nguyen, Nhan Thanh Nguyen, Van-Dinh Nguyen, Hieu V. Ngo, Hien Quoc Swindlehurst, A. Lee Juntti, Markku University of Oulu Centre for Wireless Communications Oulu90014 Finland VinUniversity College of Engineering and Computer Science Hanoi100000 Viet Nam University of Science and Technology The University of Danang Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Da Nang50000 Viet Nam Queen’s University Belfast School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of University of California Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing IrvineCA92697 United States

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is envisioned as a key feature in future wireless communications networks. Its integration with massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques promises to leverage substantial spatial beamforming gains for both functionalities. In this work, we consider a massive MIMO-ISAC system employing a uniform planar array with zero-forcing and maximum-ratio downlink transmission schemes combined with monostatic radar-type sensing. Our focus lies on deriving closed form expressions for the achievable communications rate and the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB), which serve as performance metrics for communications and sensing operations, respectively. The expressions enable us to investigate important operational characteristics of massive MIMO-ISAC, including the mutual effects of communications and sensing as well as the advantages stemming from using a very large antenna array for each functionality. Furthermore, we devise a power allocation strategy based on successive convex approximation to maximize the communications rate while guaranteeing the CRLB constraints and transmit power budget. Extensive numerical results are presented to validate our theoretical analyses and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed power allocation approach. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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Translation-Invariant Quantum Algorithms for Ordered Search are Optimal

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Carolan, Joseph Childs, Andrew M. Kovacs-Deak, Matt Schaeffer, Luke Department of Computer Science Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland United States David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Canada

Ordered search is the task of finding an item in an ordered list using comparison queries. The best exact classical algorithm for this fundamental problem uses [log2 n] queries for a list of length n. Quantum computers can achieve a constant-factor speedup, but the best possible coefficient of log2 n for exact quantum algorithms is only known to lie between (ln 2)/π ≈ 0.221 and 4/log2 605 ≈ 0.433. We consider a special class of translation-invariant algorithms with no workspace, introduced by Farhi, Goldstone, Gutmann, and Sipser, that has been used to find the best known upper bounds. First, we show that any exact, k-query quantum algorithm for ordered search can be implemented by a k-query algorithm in this special class. Second, we use linear programming to show that the best exact 5-query quantum algorithm can search a list of length 7265, giving an ordered search algorithm that asymptotically uses 5 log7265 n ≈ 0.390 log2 n quantum queries. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Consensus algorithm

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Large Language Model Based Multi-Agent System Augmented Complex Event Processing Pipeline for Internet of Multimedia Things

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zeeshan, Talha Kumar, Abhishek Lovén, Lauri Pirttikangas, Susanna Tarkoma, Sasu Center for Ubiquitous Computing University of Oulu Oulu90570 Finland Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Helsinki00560 Finland

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a Large Language Model (LLM), also known as foundation models, based multi-agent system framework for complex event processing (CEP) with a focus on video query processing use cases. The primary goal is to create a proof-of-concept (POC) that integrates state-of-the-art LLM orchestration frameworks with publish/subscribe (pub/sub) tools to address the integration of LLMs with current CEP systems. Utilizing the Autogen framework in conjunction with Kafka message brokers, the system demonstrates an autonomous CEP pipeline capable of handling complex workflows. Extensive experiments evaluate the system's performance across varying configurations, complexities, and video resolutions, revealing the trade-offs between functionality and latency. The results show that while higher agent count and video complexities increase latency, the system maintains high consistency in narrative coherence. This research builds upon and contributes to, existing novel approaches to distributed AI systems, offering detailed insights into integrating such systems into existing infrastructures. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Pipeline processing systems

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Virtual Network Embedding: Literature Assessment, Recent Advancements, Opportunities, and Challenges

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Satpathy, Anurag Sahoo, Manmath Narayan Swain, Chittaranjan Bellavista, Paolo Guizani, Mohsen Muhammad, Khan Bakshi, Sambit Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science RollaMO United States National Institute of Technology Visual Surveillance Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Odisha Rourkela769008 India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gwalior India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Italy Machine Learning Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence School of Convergence College of Computing and Informatics Seoul03063 Korea Republic of

Network virtualization (NV) allows service providers (SPs) to instantiate logically isolated entities called virtual networks (VNs) on top of a substrate network (SN). Though VNs bring about multiple benefits, particularly in terms of economic costs and elasticity, they also force various technical challenges to be addressed. The primary one is the issue of optimally allocating resources to VNs, also termed virtual network embedding (VNE). This paper presents an exhaustive survey of VNE by extensively covering the state-of-the-art research field in this very active field and focusing on the emerging research trends in industry and academia over the last decade. In addition, this survey originally contributes to the literature by proposing a novel taxonomy for existing VNE solutions and providing a thorough comparative study of their strategies. © 1998-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual machine

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