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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meghanath, Ashtakala Das, Subham Behera, Bikash K. Khan, Muhammad Attique Al-Kuwari, Saif Farouk, Ahmed Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram India Pvt. Ltd. WB Mohanpur741246 India Department of AI College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar Saudi Arabia Qatar Center for Quantum Computing College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Hurghada University Hurghada Egypt

In transportation cyber-physical systems (CPS), ensuring safety and reliability in real-time decision-making is essential for successfully deploying autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation networks. However, these systems face significant challenges, such as computational complexity and the ability to handle ambiguous inputs like shadows in complex environments. This paper introduces a Quantum Deep Convolutional Neural Network (QDCNN) designed to enhance the safety and reliability of CPS in transportation by leveraging quantum algorithms. At the core of QDCNN is the UU† method, which is utilized to improve shadow detection through a propagation algorithm that trains the centroid value with preprocessing and postprocessing operations to classify shadow regions in images accurately. The proposed QDCNN is evaluated on three datasets on normal conditions and one road affected by rain to test its robustness. It outperforms existing methods in terms of computational efficiency, achieving a shadow detection time of just 0.0049352 seconds, faster than classical algorithms like intensity-based thresholding (0.03 seconds), chromaticity-based shadow detection (1.47 seconds), and local binary pattern techniques (2.05 seconds). This remarkable speed, superior accuracy, and noise resilience demonstrate QDCNN’s —key factors for safe navigation in autonomous transportation in real-time. This research demonstrates the potential of quantum-enhanced models in addressing critical limitations of classical methods, contributing to more dependable and robust autonomous transportation systems within the CPS framework. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Multi-view Contrastive Learning for Medical Question Summarization

Multi-view Contrastive Learning for Medical Question Summari...

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International Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Sibo Wei Xueping Peng Hongjiao Guan Lina Geng Ping Jian Hao Wu Wenpeng Lu Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan) Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of Blood Purification Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349184

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349191

Most Seq2Seq neural model-based medical question summarization (MQS) systems have a severe mismatch between training and inference, i.e., exposure bias. However, this problem remains unexplored in the MQS task. To bridge this research gap and alleviate the problem of exposure bias, we propose a novel re-ranking training framework for MQS called Multi-view Contrastive Learning (MvCL). MvCL simultaneously considers the similarity scores between medical questions and candidate summaries as well as the average similarity scores between candidate summaries and other candidates within the same group, and utilizes contrastive learning to optimize the model’s ranking ability. Additionally, we propose a new multilevel inference approach to adapt to this training strategy. The approach first filters out candidate summaries that are dissimilar to the original medical question, and then selects the summary with the highest average similarity to other candidate summaries from the remaining candidates as the final output. We conducted extensive experiments, and the results demonstrate that our proposed MvCL framework achieves state-of-the-art results on the majority of evaluation metrics across four datasets. 1

关键词： Training Measurement Bridges Adaptation models Limiting Filters Federated learning

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Use Coupled LSTM Networks to Solve Constrained Optimization Problems

Use Coupled LSTM Networks to Solve Constrained Optimization ...

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作者： Chen, Zheyu Leung, Kin K. Wang, Shiqiang Tassiulas, Leandros Chan, Kevin Towsley, Don Imperial College London Department of Computing LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Ibm T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States Yale University Institute for Network Science Electrical Engineering Department New HavenCT06520 United States Devcom Army Research Laboratory Army Research Directorate AdelphiMD20783 United States University of Massachusetts Department of Computer Science AmherstMA01003 United States

Gradient-based iterative algorithms have been widely used to solve optimization problems, including resource sharing and network management. When system parameters change, it requires a new solution independent of the previous parameter settings from the iterative methods. Therefore, we propose a learning approach that can quickly produce optimal solutions over a range of system parameters for constrained optimization problems. Two Coupled Long Short-Term Memory networks (CLSTMs) are proposed to find the optimal solution. The advantages of this framework include: (1) near-optimal solution for a given problem instance can be obtained in few iterations during the inference, (2) enhanced robustness as the CLSTMs can be trained using system parameters with distributions different from those used during inference to generate solutions. In this work, we analyze the relationship between minimizing the loss functions and solving the original constrained optimization problem for certain parameter settings. Extensive numerical experiments using datasets from Alibaba reveal that the solutions to a set of nonconvex optimization problems obtained by the CLSTMs reach within 90% or better of the corresponding optimum after 11 iterations, where the number of iterations and CPU time consumption are reduced by 81% and 33%, respectively, when compared with the gradient descent with momentum. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Gradient methods

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A Knowledge Graph Based Approach to Social science Surveys

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Data Intelligence 2021年第4期3卷 477-506页

作者： Jeff Z.Pan Elspeth Edelstein Patrik Bansky Adam Wyner School of Informatics University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89YLUK Department of Computing Science University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243FXUK School of Language LiteratureMusic and Visual CultureUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243FXUK School of Law and Department of Computer Science Swansea UniversitySwanseaWest Glamorgan SA28PPUK

Recent success of knowledge graphs has spurred interest in applying them in open science,such as on intelligent survey systems for ***,efforts to understand the quality of candidate survey questions provided by these methods have been ***,existing methods do not consider the type of on-the-fly content planning that is possible for face-to-face surveys and hence do not guarantee that selection of subsequent questions is based on response to previous questions in a *** address this limitation,we propose a dynamic and informative solution for an intelligent survey system that is based on knowledge *** illustrate our proposal,we look into social science surveys,focusing on ordering the questions of a questionnaire component by their level of acceptance,along with conditional triggers that further customise participants’*** main findings are:(i)evaluation of the proposed approach shows that the dynamic component can be beneficial in terms of lowering the number of questions asked per variable,thus allowing more informative data to be collected in a survey of equivalent length;and(ii)a primary advantage of the proposed approach is that it enables grouping of participants according to their responses,so that participants are not only served appropriate follow-up questions,but their responses to these questions may be analysed in the context of some initial *** believe that the proposed approach can easily be applied to other social science surveys based on grouping definitions in their *** knowledge-graph-based intelligent survey approach proposed in our work allows online questionnaires to approach face-to-face interaction in their level of informativity and responsiveness,as well as duplicating certain advantages of interview-based data collection.

关键词： Intelligent survey system Dynamic and informative system Knowledge graph Linguistic grammaticality judgements

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SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-Reliability Space computing

SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-R...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Noah Perryman Nicholas Franconi Gary Crum Christopher Wilson Alan D. George Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD

There is a direct need for high-visibility NASA missions that provide significant scientific impact or have a high mission class using completely radiation-hardened (rad-hard) electronics solutions, to enable artificial intelligence (AI) applications in harsh environments despite severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. For these missions, where current state-of-the-art solutions are too power-demanding or are incapable of surviving the intended radiation environment, an alternative rad-hard processing architecture that can leverage the control-flow capabilities of scalar processors while also incorporating the hardware-acceleration capabilities of an FPGA is of significant value. Therefore, in this research, we propose a miniaturized (3.5 in. × 3.5 in. form factor) processor card featuring the GR740 quad-core rad-hard processor and the CertusPro-NX-RT radiation-tolerant FPGA, called the SpaceCube GR740 Host for Onboard science and Telemetry (GHOST) architecture. The card will be designed to conform to the NASA Goddard Space Flight center (GSFC) CubeSat Card Specification (CS2), which provides a common template to build new 1U CubeSat-sized cards compatible with a variety of other avionics designs. The GR740 features a fault-tolerant quad- processor LEON4FT SPARC V8 integer unit with a 7-stage pipeline and 4×4 KiB instruction and data caches. To extend the capabilities of the GR740, the CertusPro-NX-RT, a low-power radiation-tolerant FPGA, was combined to create a hybrid system architecture, providing the benefits of a programmable logic fabric. The GHOST architecture supports high-reliability, general-purpose processing and system monitoring via the GR740 while simultaneously increasing the AI-based application performance via a combination of the GR740 and CertusPro-NX-RT.

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Recent Advances in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Systems Security

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ghubaish, Ali Salman, Tara Zolanvari, Maede Unal, Devrim Al-Ali, Abdulla Jain, Raj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in Saint Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States KINDI Center for Computing Research College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Computer Science and Engineering Department College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar

The rapid evolutions in micro-computing, mini-hardware manufacturing, and machine to machine (M2M) communications have enabled novel Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to reshape many networking applications. Healthcare systems are among these applications that have been revolutionized with IoT, introducing an IoT branch known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems. IoMT systems allow remote monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. Thus, it can provide timely patients' diagnostic that can save their life in case of emergencies. However, security in these critical systems is a major challenge facing their wide utilization. In this paper, we present state-of-the-art techniques to secure IoMT systems' data during collection, transmission, and storage. We comprehensively overview IoMT systems' potential attacks, including physical and network attacks. Our findings reveal that most security techniques do not consider various types of attacks. Hence, we propose a security framework that combines several security techniques. The framework covers IoMT security requirements and can mitigate most of its known attacks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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Smart Waste Management and Classification System for Smart Cities using Deep Learning

Smart Waste Management and Classification System for Smart C...

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2022 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security, ICBATS 2022

作者： Hasan, Mohammad Kamrul Khan, Muhammad Adnan Issa, Ghassan F. Atta, Ayesha Akram, Ali Sheraz Hassan, Muhammad Center for Cyber Security Malaysia Riphah School of Computing Innovation Riphah International University Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan Skyline University College School of Information Technology Sharjah United Arab Emirates Government College University Lahore National College of Business Administration Lahore Pakistan NCBAandE School of Computer Science Lahore Pakistan NCBAandE Department of Computer Science Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409209

For modern city environments to be renewable and clean, waste management and recycling are essential. Solid waste management, disposal, and recycling are issues in many Pakistani cities, particularly Karachi and Lahore. The combination of the IoTs and deep learning offers a modular technique to data categorization and real-time examining. This article illustrates a capable 'Smart trash management and categorization system' based on the 'internet of things (IoT)' and DL. The article provides an architectural idea for a microchips-based garbage bin that uses numerous measuring instruments to connect with the method to gather wastes as quickly as possible. The 'Internet of Things (IoT)' is used in the suggested data monitoring solution to offer real-time data control. In addition, in this smart waste management and categorization scheme, a waste classification model based on convolutional neural networks was deployed. This waste classification technique will be used to sort rubbish into several categories at the waste-collecting plant to increase recycling. This proposed system offers complete trash management and recycling solution in smart cities, from waste collection to waste management and classification. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Uncertainty Quantification and Quality Control for Heatmap-based Landmark Detection Models

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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2025年

作者： Feng, Yong Yang, Jinzhu Tang, Lingzhi Sun, Song Wang, Yonghuai Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang China Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Shenyang China The First Hospital of China Medical University Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound Shenyang China

Uncertainty quantification is a vital aspect of explainable artificial intelligence that fosters clinician trust in medical applications and facilitates timely interventions, leading to safer and more reliable outcomes. Although deep learning models have reached clinically acceptable accuracy in anatomical landmark detection, their predictions remain susceptible to contextual noise due to the small size of the target structures, making uncertainty quantification more challenging than in classification and segmentation tasks. This paper presents an end-to-end uncertainty quantification method tailored for heatmapbased anatomical landmark detection models, designed to improve both interpretability and controllability in clinical applications. Leveraging Dempster-Shafer Theory and Subjective Logic Theory, we implement probability assignment and uncertainty quantification through a single forward pass to ensure computational efficiency. We introduce an evidence map that captures the strength of landmark evidence, alongside an uncertainty map that calibrates predicted probabilities within the Subjective Logic framework. The interaction between these two components, facilitated by a cross-attention mechanism, further improves landmark detection accuracy and enhances the effectiveness of uncertainty quantification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method maintains detection accuracy, even in noisy environments, while outperforming state-of-the-art methods in terms of uncertainty quantification and quality control. Furthermore, the model effectively identifies out-of-distribution data solely through calibrated probabilities when encountering inconsistencies in multi-center data and novel data, underscoring its potential for clinical applications. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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A K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor with atention Classifier 5

A K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor with atention Classifier

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5th International Conference on computer science and Artificial Intelligence, CSAI 2021

作者： Huang, Rui Ma, Ying Wang, Tian Li, GuoQi Yan, Ming Department of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore School of Information Science and Engineering Hunan First Normal University China Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781450384155

Among classic algorithms of data mining, the K-nearest neighbor based methods are simple and effective pattern classification algorithms. However, most KNN-based methods do not fully take into account the impact of different training sample points on classification, lead to inaccurate classification. To address this issue, we propose a scheme named Attention-based local mean K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor Classifier (ALMKNCN), combining nearest centroid neighbor with attention mechanism, the influence of each training sample on the query sample is fully considered. Given the query pattern, we first calculate the local centroid mean vector for each class, and then use the idea of attention mechanism to calculate the weight of pseudo-distance between each class and test sample. Finally, based on attention coefficient, the distances between the query sample and local mean vectors are weighted to determine the class of the query sample. Extensive experiments on UCI and KEEL data sets are carried out by comparing ALMKNCN to the state-of-art KNN-based methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ALMKNCN outperforms the related competitive KNN-based methods with more effectiveness. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： Data mining

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Myocardial Region-guided Feature Aggregation Net for Automatic Coronary artery Segmentation and Stenosis Assessment using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yao, Ni Liu, Xiangyu Sun, Danyang Han, Chuang Li, Yanting Nan, Jiaofen Li, Chengyang Zhu, Fubao Zhou, Weihua Zhao, Chen School of Computer Science and Technology Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Henan Zhengzhou450001 China School of Information Management and Engineering Shanghai University of Finance and Economics China Department of Applied Computing Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI United States Center for Biocomputing and Digital Health Institute of Computing and Cybersystems Health Research Institute Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI United States Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State University MariettaGA United States

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring accurate segmentation and stenosis detection using Coronary Computed Tomography angiography (CCTA). Existing methods struggle with challenges such as low contrast, morphological variability and small vessel segmentation. To address these limitations, we propose the Myocardial Region-guided Feature Aggregation Net, a novel U-shaped dual-encoder architecture that integrates anatomical prior knowledge to enhance robustness in coronary artery segmentation. Our framework incorporates three key innovations: (1) a Myocardial Region-guided Module that directs attention to coronary regions via myocardial contour expansion and multi-scale feature fusion, (2) a Residual Feature Extraction Encoding Module that combines parallel spatial channel attention with residual blocks to enhance local-global feature discrimination, and (3) a Multi-scale Feature Fusion Module for adaptive aggregation of hierarchical vascular features. Additionally, Monte Carlo dropout f quantifies prediction uncertainty, supporting clinical interpretability. For stenosis detection, a morphology-based centerline extraction algorithm separates the vascular tree into anatomical branches, enabling cross-sectional area quantification and stenosis grading. The superiority of MGFA-Net was demonstrated by achieving an Dice score of 85.04%, an accuracy of 84.24%, an HD95 of 6.1294 mm, and an improvement of 5.46% in true positive rate for stenosis detection compared to3D U-Net. The integrated segmentation-to-stenosis pipeline provides automated, clinically interpretable CAD assessment, bridging deep learning with anatomical prior knowledge for precision medicine. Our code is publicly available at http://***/chenzhao2023/MGFA_CCTA. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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