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Learning continuous network emerging dynamics from scarce observations via data-adaptive stochastic processes

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第12期67卷 240-255页

作者： Jiaxu CUI Qipeng WANG Bingyi SUN Jiming LIU Bo YANG College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Public Computer Education and Research Center Jilin University Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University

Learning network dynamics from the empirical structure and spatio-temporal observation data is crucial to revealing the interaction mechanisms of complex networks in a wide range of domains. However,most existing methods only aim at learning network dynamic behaviors generated by a specific ordinary differential equation instance, resulting in ineffectiveness for new ones, and generally require dense *** observed data, especially from network emerging dynamics, are usually difficult to obtain, which brings trouble to model learning. Therefore, learning accurate network dynamics with sparse, irregularly-sampled,partial, and noisy observations remains a fundamental challenge. We introduce a new concept of the stochastic skeleton and its neural implementation, i.e., neural ODE processes for network dynamics(NDP4ND), a new class of stochastic processes governed by stochastic data-adaptive network dynamics, to overcome the challenge and learn continuous network dynamics from scarce observations. Intensive experiments conducted on various network dynamics in ecological population evolution, phototaxis movement, brain activity, epidemic spreading, and real-world empirical systems, demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent data adaptability and computational efficiency, and can adapt to unseen network emerging dynamics, producing accurate interpolation and extrapolation with reducing the ratio of required observation data to only about 6% and improving the learning speed for new dynamics by three orders of magnitude.

关键词： complex networks network dynamics emerging spatio-temporal dynamics neural processes

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Advances in neural architecture search

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National science Review 2024年第8期11卷 24-38页

作者： Xin Wang Wenwu Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Automated machine learning(AutoML) has achieved remarkable success in automating the non-trivial process of designing machine learning *** the focal areas of AutoML,neural architecture search(NAS) stands out,aiming to systematically explore the complex architecture space to discover the optimal neural architecture configurations without intensive manual *** has demonstrated its capability of dramatic performance improvement across a large number of real-world *** core components in NAS methodologies normally include(ⅰ) defining the appropriate search space,(ⅱ)designing the right search strategy and(ⅲ) developing the effective evaluation *** early NAS endeavors are characterized via groundbreaking architecture designs,the imposed exorbitant computational demands prompt a shift towards more efficient paradigms such as weight sharing and evaluation estimation,***,the introduction of specialized benchmarks has paved the way for standardized comparisons of NAS ***,the adaptability of NAS is evidenced by its capability of extending to diverse datasets,including graphs,tabular data and videos,etc.,each of which requires a tailored *** paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of NAS,elaborating on its recent advances,applications,tools,benchmarks and prospective research directions.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence neural architecture search

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SEOE:an option graph based semantically embedding method for prenatal depression detection

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第6期18卷 245-258页

作者： Xiaosong HAN Mengchen CAO Dong XU Xiaoyue FENG Yanchun LIANG Xiaoduo LANG Renchu GUAN College of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhuhai Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhuhai College of Science and TechnologyZhuhai 519041China Jilin Provincial Institute of Population Science and Technology Changchun 130000China

Prenatal depression,which can affect pregnant women’s physical and psychological health and cause postpartum depression,is increasing ***,it is essential to detect prenatal depression early and conduct an attribution *** studies have used questionnaires to screen for prenatal depression,but the existing methods lack *** diagnose the early signs of prenatal depression and identify the key factors that may lead to prenatal depression from questionnaires,we present the semantically enhanced option embedding(SEOE)model to represent questionnaire *** can quantitatively determine the relationship and patterns between options and *** first quantifies options and resorts them,gathering options with little difference,since Word2Vec is highly dependent on *** resort task is transformed into an optimization problem involving the traveling salesman ***,all questionnaire samples are used to train the options’vector using ***,an LSTM and GRU fused model incorporating the cycle learning rate is constructed to detect whether a pregnant woman is suffering from *** verify the model,we compare it with other deep learning and traditional machine learning *** experiment results show that our proposed model can accurately identify pregnant women with depression and reach an F1 score of *** most relevant factors of depression found by SEOE are also verified in the *** addition,our model is of low computational complexity and strong generalization,which can be widely applied to other questionnaire analyses of psychiatric disorders.

关键词： questionnaire analyses text classification graph representation learning traveling salesman problem prenatal depression

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ScenePalette:Contextually Exploring Object Collections Through Multiplex Relations in 3D Scenes

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Journal of computer science & technology 2024年第5期39卷 1180-1192页

作者： Shao-Kui Zhang Wei-Yu Xie Chen Wang Song-Hai Zhang Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084China

This paper presents ScenePalette,a modeling tool that allows users to“draw”3D scenes interactively by placing objects on a canvas based on their contextual *** is inspired by an important intuition which was often ignored in previous work:a real-world 3D scene consists of the contextually reasonable organization of objects,*** typically place one double bed with several subordinate objects into a bedroom instead of different shapes of ***,abstracts 3D repositories as multiplex networks and accordingly encodes implicit relations between or among ***,basic statistics such as co-occurrence,in combination with advanced relations,are used to tackle object relationships of different *** experiments demonstrate that the latent space of ScenePalette has rich contexts that are essential for contextual representation and exploration.

关键词： computer graphics 3D scene context 3D repository exploration multiplex network embedding

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Foundation models in bioinformatics

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National science Review 2025年第4期12卷 400-418页

作者： Fei Guo Renchu Guan Yaohang Li Qi Liu Xiaowo Wang Can Yang Jianxin Wang Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Xiangjiang Laboratory Key Laboratory for Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Department of Automation Tsinghua University Department of Mathematics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Big Data Bio-Intelligence Lab The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

With the adoption of foundation models(FMs),artificial intelligence(AI) has become increasingly significant in bioinformatics and has successfully addressed many historical challenges,such as pre-training frameworks,model evaluation and *** demonstrate notable proficiency in managing large-scale,unlabeled datasets,because experimental procedures are costly and labor *** various downstream tasks,FMs have consistently achieved noteworthy results,demonstrating high levels of accuracy in representing biological entities.A new era in computational biology has been ushered in by the application of FMs,focusing on both general and specific biological *** this review,we introduce recent advancements in bioinformatics FMs employed in a variety of downstream tasks,including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,drug discovery and single-cell *** aim is to assist scientists in selecting appropriate FMs in bioinformatics,according to four model types:language FMs,vision FMs,graph FMs and multimodal *** addition to understanding molecular landscapes,AI technology can establish the theoretical and practical foundation for continued innovation in molecular biology.

关键词： foundation model bioinformatics genomics transcriptomics proteomics drug discovery single-cell analysis

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Synthetic data generation by diffusion models

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National science Review 2024年第8期11卷 19-21页

作者： Jun Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology BNRist Center Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML CenterTsinghua University Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu)

Sufficient and high-quality data are a prerequisite for building complex machine learning systems, especially those with a large number of parameters (e.g., ChatGPT). However, it is typically challenging or even impossible to acquire a sufficient amount of real data to train such systems. For example, auto-driving systems may need to learn from various accidental events in order to be reliable in driving, while collecting such real data is difficult or ethically infeasible.

关键词： generation diffusion models data synthetic

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Power synchronization: taming massive diversified serverless functions under power constraints

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 47-65页

作者： Du LIU Lu ZHANG Yechen XU Xinkai WANG Lingyu SUN Yifei PU Xiaofeng HOU Chao LI Minyi GUO Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Carbon neutrality has become an important design objective worldwide. However, the on-going shift to cloud-naive era does not necessarily mean energy efficiency. From the perspective of power management, co-hosted serverless functions are difficult to tame. They are lightweight, short-lived applications sensitive to power capping activities. In addition, they exhibit great individual and temporal variability, presenting idiosyncratic performance/power scaling goals that are often at odds with one another. To date, very few proposals exist in terms of tailored power management for serverless platforms. In this work, we introduce power synchronization, a novel yet generic mechanism for managing serverless functions in a power-efficient way. Our insight with power synchronization is that uniform application power behavior enables consistent and uncompromised function operation on shared host machines. We also propose PowerSync, a synchronization-based power management framework that ensures optimal efficiency based on a clear understanding of functions. Our evaluation shows that PowerSync can improve the energy efficiency of functions by up to 16% without performance loss compared to conventional power management strategies.

关键词： serverless computing variability energy efficiency power management power synchronization

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Enhancing Answer Attribution for Faithful Text Generation with Large Language Models 16

Enhancing Answer Attribution for Faithful Text Generation wi...

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16th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, KDIR 2024 as part of 16th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, IC3K 2024

作者： Vladika, Juraj Mülln, Luca Matthes, Florian Technical University of Munich School of Computation Information and Technology Department of Computer Science Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587160

The increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has changed the way users interact with and pose questions to AI-based conversational systems. An essential aspect for increasing the trustworthiness of generated LLM answers is the ability to trace the individual claims from responses back to relevant sources that support them, the process known as answer attribution. While recent work has started exploring the task of answer attribution in LLMs, some challenges still remain. In this work, we first perform a case study analyzing the effectiveness of existing answer attribution methods, with a focus on subtasks of answer segmentation and evidence retrieval. Based on the observed shortcomings, we propose new methods for producing more independent and contextualized claims for better retrieval and attribution. The new methods are evaluated and shown to improve the performance of answer attribution components. We end with a discussion and outline of future directions for the task. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – science and technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Question answering

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Mixed-decomposed convolutional network:A lightweight yet efficient convolutional neural network for ocular disease recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第2期9卷 319-332页

作者： Xiaoqing Zhang Xiao Wu Zunjie Xiao Lingxi Hu Zhongxi Qiu Qingyang Sun Risa Higashita Jiang Liu Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Tomey Corporation NagoyaJapan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain‐inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore

Eye health has become a global health concern and attracted broad *** the years,researchers have proposed many state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing ocular diseases efficiently and ***,most existing methods were dedicated to constructing sophisticated CNNs,inevitably ignoring the trade-off between performance and model *** alleviate this paradox,this paper proposes a lightweight yet efficient network architecture,mixeddecomposed convolutional network(MDNet),to recognise ocular *** MDNet,we introduce a novel mixed-decomposed depthwise convolution method,which takes advantage of depthwise convolution and depthwise dilated convolution operations to capture low-resolution and high-resolution patterns by using fewer computations and fewer *** conduct extensive experiments on the clinical anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT),LAG,University of California San Diego,and CIFAR-100 *** results show our MDNet achieves a better trade-off between the performance and model complexity than efficient CNNs including MobileNets and ***,our MDNet outperforms MobileNets by 2.5%of accuracy by using 22%fewer parameters and 30%fewer computations on the AS-OCT dataset.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep neural networks image analysis image classification medical applications medical image processing

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A Collocation-based Method for Addressing Challenges in Word-level Metric Differential Privacy 5

A Collocation-based Method for Addressing Challenges in Word...

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5th Workshop on Privacy in Natural Language Processing, PrivateNLP 2024 - Co-located with ACL 2024

作者： Meisenbacher, Stephen Chevli, Maulik Matthes, Florian Technical University of Munich School of Computation Information and Technology Department of Computer Science Garching Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761391

Applications of Differential Privacy (DP) in NLP must distinguish between the syntactic level on which a proposed mechanism operates, often taking the form of word-level or document-level privatization. Recently, several word-level Metric Differential Privacy approaches have been proposed, which rely on this generalized DP notion for operating in word embedding spaces. These approaches, however, often fail to produce semantically coherent textual outputs, and their application at the sentence- or document-level is only possible by a basic composition of word perturbations. In this work, we strive to address these challenges by operating between the word and sentence levels, namely with collocations. By perturbing n-grams rather than single words, we devise a method where composed privatized outputs have higher semantic coherence and variable length. This is accomplished by constructing an embedding model based on frequently occurring word groups, in which unigram words co-exist with bi- and trigram collocations. We evaluate our method in utility and privacy tests, which make a clear case for tokenization strategies beyond the word level. © 2024 Association for computational Linguistics.

关键词： Differential privacy

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