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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Perz, Markus Luijten, Gijs Kleesiek, Jens Schmalstieg, Dieter Egger, Jan Gsaxner, Christina West German Cancer Center Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen Essen Germany University of Stuttgart Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems Stuttgart Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz Austria University Medicine Essen Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Essen Germany Essen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

This paper addresses the growing integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in biomedical sciences, emphasizing collaborative learning experiences. We present MultiAR, a versatile, domain-specific platform enabling multi-user interactions in AR for biomedical education. Unlike platform-specific solutions, MultiAR supports various AR devices, including handheld and head-mounted options. The framework extends across domains, augmenting biomedical education applications with collaborative capabilities. We define essential requirements for a multi-user AR framework in education, detail MultiAR's design and implementation, and comprehensively evaluate it using anatomy education examples. Quantitative and qualitative analyses, covering system performance, accuracy metrics, and a user study with 20 participants, highlight the urgent need for a tailored collaborative AR platform in biomedical education. Results underscore enthusiasm for collaborative AR technology, endorsing MultiAR as an accessible, versatile solution for developers and end-users in biomedical education. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Characteristics Analysis of Moving Conversations to Detect Events on Twitter 14

Characteristics Analysis of Moving Conversations to Detect E...

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14th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2022

作者： Senaratne, Hansi Lehle, Dominic Schreck, Tobias Earth Observation Center German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen Germany Advanced Research & Technologies Avira Tettnang Germany Inst. of Computer Graphics & Knowledge Visualization Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665456616

A conversation is an exchange of thoughts, news, or ideas about a particular topic between two or more people. On Twit-ter, hashtags allow its users to collate all conversations pertaining to a particular topic. The progressions that occur in such conversations through the geographic space, the time, or the thematic contexts, create trajectories of conversations on Twitter, and they can give us valuable insights into interesting events that take place around us. In this paper we develop an approach based on data analysis and visualisation, to (1) construct such conversation trajectories for chosen popular hashtags, (2) analyse the various geospatial-and content-characteristics of the conversation trajectories (e.g., distance variance, speed of propagation, topic diversity, or credibility) to determine co-located events, and (3) rank and sort the resulting conversation trajectories according to a user-defined interestingess-measure, to narrow down the search space for interesting conversation trajectories. Our approach is among the first to introduce the us-age of movement of conversations across geographic space and time for the exploratory detection and analysis of events, whereas most existing works use keyword-based text analysis to detect events on Twitter. All the three stages of the approach (construct, analyse, rank & sort) are presented in a visual-interactive interface that allows us to explore Twitter text data without extensive prior knowledge, and benefit from the pure exploratory capabilities of the tool. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept to detect sports-related events, where we were able to identify the outcome of a contest for Major League Baseball sportsmen on Twitter. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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Improving Uncertainty-Error Correspondence in Deep Bayesian Medical Image Segmentation

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Mody, Prerak de Plaza, Nicolas Chaves Astrenidou, Eleftheria de Ridder, Mischa Hoekstra, Nienke Hildebrandt, Klaus Staring, Marius Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Netherlands The Department of Radiation Oncology Leiden University Medical Center Netherlands University Medical Center Utrecht Netherlands The Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab TU Delft Netherlands

Increased usage of automated tools like deep learning in medical image segmentation has alleviated the bottleneck of manual contouring. This has shifted manual labour to quality assessment (QA) of automated contours which involves detecting errors and correcting them. A potential solution to semi-automated QA is to use deep Bayesian uncertainty to recommend potentially erroneous regions, thus reducing time spent on error detection. Previous work has investigated the correspondence between uncertainty and error, however, no work has been done on improving the "utility" of Bayesian uncertainty maps such that it is only present in inaccurate regions and not in the accurate ones. Our work trains the FlipOut model with the Accuracy-vs-Uncertainty (AvU) loss which promotes uncertainty to be present only in inaccurate regions. We apply this method on datasets of two radiotherapy body sites, namely CT scans of head and neck and prostate MRs. Uncertainty heatmaps (i.e. predictive entropy) are evaluated using ROC and Precision-Recall curves. Numerical results show that when compared to the Bayesian baseline the proposed method successfully suppresses uncertainty for accurate voxels, with similar presence of uncertainty for inaccurate voxels. Code to reproduce experiments is available on https://***/prerakmody/ bayesuncertainty-error-correspondence. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Polar, Spherical and Orthogonal Space Subdivisions for an Algorithm Acceleration: O(1) Point-in-Polygon/Polyhedron Test

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Skala, Vaclav The University of West Bohemia Faculty of Applied Sciences Department .of Computer Science and Engineering Center of Computer Graphics and Visualization Univerzitni 8 PlzenCZ 30614 Czech Republic

Acceleration of algorithms is becoming a crucial problem, if larger data sets are to be processed. Evaluation of algorithms is mostly done by using computational geometry approach and evaluation of computational complexity. However in today’s engineering problems this approach does not respect that number of processed items is always limited and a significant role plays also speed of read/write operations. One general method how to speed up an algorithm is application of space subdivision technique and usually the orthogonal space subdivision is used. In this paper non-orthogonal subdivisions are described. The proposed approach can significantly improve memory consumption and run-time complexity. The proposed modified space subdivision techniques are demonstrated on two simple problems Point-in-Convex Polygon and Point-in-Convex Polyhedron *** Codes 65D17, 65D18 © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Computational geometry

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Characteristics Analysis of Moving Conversations to Detect Events on Twitter

Characteristics Analysis of Moving Conversations to Detect E...

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International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining, ASONAM

作者： Hansi Senaratne Dominic Lehle Tobias Schreck Earth Observation Center German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen Germany Advanced Research & Technologies Avira Tettnang Germany Inst. of Computer Graphics & Knowledge Visualization Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

A conversation is an exchange of thoughts, news, or ideas about a particular topic between two or more people. On Twit-ter, hashtags allow its users to collate all conversations pertaining to a particular topic. The progressions that occur in such conversations through the geographic space, the time, or the thematic contexts, create trajectories of conversations on Twitter, and they can give us valuable insights into interesting events that take place around us. In this paper we develop an approach based on data analysis and visualisation, to (1) construct such conversation trajectories for chosen popular hashtags, (2) analyse the various geospatial- and content-characteristics of the conversation trajectories (e.g., distance variance, speed of propagation, topic diversity, or credibility) to determine co-located events, and (3) rank and sort the resulting conversation trajectories according to a user-defined interestingess-measure, to narrow down the search space for interesting conversation trajectories. Our approach is among the first to introduce the us-age of movement of conversations across geographic space and time for the exploratory detection and analysis of events, whereas most existing works use keyword-based text analysis to detect events on Twitter. All the three stages of the approach (construct, analyse, rank & sort) are presented in a visual-interactive interface that allows us to explore Twitter text data without extensive prior knowledge, and benefit from the pure exploratory capabilities of the tool. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept to detect sports-related events, where we were able to identify the outcome of a contest for Major League Baseball sportsmen on Twitter.

关键词： Knowledge engineering visualization Text analysis Social networking (online) Blogs Linearity Oral communication

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Improving Uncertainty-Error Correspondence in Deep Bayesian Medical Image Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mody, Prerak Chaves-De-Plaza, Nicolas F. Rao, Chinmay Astrenidou, Eleftheria de Ridder, Mischa Hoekstra, Nienke Hildebrandt, Klaus Staring, Marius Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands HollandPTC consortium Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam Holland Proton Therapy Centre Delft Leiden University Medical Center Leiden and TU Delft Delft Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Group EEMCS TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Utrecht Netherlands

Increased usage of automated tools like deep learning in medical image segmentation has alleviated the bottleneck of manual contouring. This has shifted manual labour to quality assessment (QA) of automated contours which involves detecting errors and correcting them. A potential solution to semi-automated QA is to use deep Bayesian uncertainty to recommend potentially erroneous regions, thus reducing time spent on error detection. Previous work has investigated the correspondence between uncertainty and error, however, no work has been done on improving the "utility" of Bayesian uncertainty maps such that it is only present in inaccurate regions and not in the accurate ones. Our work trains the FlipOut model with the Accuracy-vs-Uncertainty (AvU) loss which promotes uncertainty to be present only in inaccurate regions. We apply this method on datasets of two radiotherapy body sites, c.f. head-and-neck CT and prostate MR scans. Uncertainty heatmaps (i.e. predictive entropy) are evaluated against voxel inaccuracies using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall (PR) curves. Numerical results show that when compared to the Bayesian baseline the proposed method successfully suppresses uncertainty for accurate voxels, with similar presence of uncertainty for inaccurate voxels. Code to reproduce experiments is available at https://***/prerakmody/bayesuncertainty-error-correspondence. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Image segmentation

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FluidPlaying: Efficient Adaptive Simulation for Highly Dynamic Fluid

FluidPlaying: Efficient Adaptive Simulation for Highly Dynam...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Sinuo Liu Xiaojuan Ban Sheng Li Haokai Zeng Xiaokun Wang Yanrui Xu Fei Zhu Guoping Wang Graphics & Interaction Lab National Biomedical Imaging Center School of Computer Science Peking University School of Intelligence Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Virtual Simulation and Visualization Peking University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)

We present FliudPlaying, a novel dynamic level-based spatially adaptive simulation method that can handle highly dynamic fluid efficiently. To capture the subtle detail of the fluid surface, the high-resolution simulation is performed not only at the free surface but also at those regions with high vorticity levels and velocity difference levels. To minimize the density error, an online optimization scheme is used when increasing the resolution by particle splitting. We also proposed a neighbor-based splash enhancement to compensate for the loss of dynamic details. Compared with the high-resolution simulation baseline, our method can achieve over 3× speedups while consuming only less than 10% computational resources. Furthermore, our method can make up for the loss of high-frequency details caused by the spatial adaptation, and provide more realistic dynamics in particle-based fluid simulation.

关键词： Solid modeling Adaptation models Three-dimensional displays Fluid dynamics Computational modeling Conferences Virtual reality

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MultiAR: A Multi-User Augmented Reality Platform for Biomedical Education

MultiAR: A Multi-User Augmented Reality Platform for Biomedi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Markus Perz Gijs Luijten Jens Kleesiek Dieter Schmalstieg Jan Egger Christina Gsaxner Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen West German Cancer Center Essen Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Virtual and Extended Reality in Medicine (ZvRM) University Hospital Essen Essen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

This paper addresses the growing integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in biomedical sciences, emphasizing collaborative learning experiences. We present MultiAR, a versatile, domain-specific platform enabling multi-user interactions in AR for biomedical education. Unlike platform-specific solutions, MultiAR supports various AR devices, including handheld and head-mounted options. The framework extends across domains, augmenting biomedical education applications with collaborative capabilities. We define essential requirements for a multi-user AR framework in education, detail MultiAR’s design and implementation, and comprehensively evaluate it using anatomy education examples. Quantitative and qualitative analyses, covering system performance, accuracy metrics, and a user study with 20 participants, highlight the urgent need for a tailored collaborative AR platform in biomedical education. Results underscore enthusiasm for collaborative AR technology, endorsing MultiAR as an accessible, versatile solution for developers and end-users in biomedical education.

关键词： Measurement Accuracy Federated learning System performance Education Collaboration Anatomy Engineering in medicine and biology Augmented reality

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Comparing bayesian models for organ contouring in headand neck radiotherapy

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Mody, Prerak P. Chaves-De-Plaza, Nicolas Hildebrandt, Klaus van Egmond, René de Ridder, Huib Staring, Marius Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Lab TU Delft Delft Netherlands Industrial Design Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Deep learning models for organ contouring in radiotherapy are poised for clinical usage, but currently, there exist few tools for automated quality assessment (QA) of the predicted contours. Using Bayesian models and their associated uncertainty, one can potentially automate the process of detecting inaccurate predictions. We investigate two Bayesian models for auto-contouring, DropOut and FlipOut, using a quantitative measure – expected calibration error (ECE) and a qualitative measure – region-based accuracy-vs-uncertainty (R-AvU) graphs. It is well understood that a model should have low ECE to be considered trustworthy. However, in a QA context, a model should also have high uncertainty in inaccurate regions and low uncertainty in accurate regions. Such behaviour could direct visual attention of expert users to potentially inaccurate regions, leading to a speed-up in the QA process. Using R-AvU graphs, we qualitatively compare the behaviour of different models in accurate and inaccurate regions. Experiments are conducted on the MICCAI2015 Head and Neck Segmentation Challenge and on the DeepMindTCIA CT dataset using three models: DropOut-DICE, Dropout-CE (Cross Entropy) and FlipOut-CE. Quantitative results show that DropOut-DICE has the highest ECE, while Dropout-CE and FlipOut-CE have the lowest ECE. To better understand the difference between DropOut-CE and FlipOut-CE, we use the R-AvU graph which shows that FlipOut-CE has better uncertainty coverage in inaccurate regions than DropOut-CE. Such a combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics explores a new approach that helps to select which model can be deployed as a QA tool in clinical settings. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

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Visual Analysis of Tissue Images at Cellular Level

Visual Analysis of Tissue Images at Cellular Level

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23rd Eurographics Conference on visualization, EuroVis 2021

作者： Somarakis, A. Ijsselsteijn, Marieke E. Kenkhuis, Boyd van Unen, Vincent Luk, Sietse J. Koning, Frits van der Weerd, Louise de Miranda, Noel F.C.C. Lelieveldt, Boudewijn P.F. Höllt, T. Radiology Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Pathology Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Human Genetics Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands School of Medicine Stanford University StanfordCA United States Hematology Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Immunology Department Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Computer Graphics and Visualization Department TU Delft Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783038681472

The detailed analysis of tissue composition is crucial for the understanding of tissue functionality. For example, the location of immune cells related to a tumour area is highly correlated with the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, experts are interested in presence of cells with specific characteristics as well as the spatial patterns they form. Recent advances in single-cell imaging modalities, producing high-dimensional, high-resolution images enable the analysis of both of these features. However, extracting useful insight on tissue functionality from these high-dimensional images poses serious and diverse challenges to data analysis. We have developed an interactive, data-driven pipeline covering the main analysis challenges experts face, from the pre-processing of images via the exploration of tissue samples to the comparison of cohorts of samples. All parts of our pipeline have been developed in close collaboration with domain experts and are already a vital part in their daily analysis routine. © 2021 The Author(s) Eurographics Proceedings © 2021 The Eurographics Association.

关键词： Pipelines

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