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Comparation of Aroma-Active Compounds in Fresh Commercial Infant Formula and the Change during Ambient Storage

Journal of Future Foods 2025年

作者： Lirong Xu Ailing Tian Jiayi Su Meifan Pan Riqing Liu Peipei Gao Beilei Pang Zitong Liu Lijiao Fan Huaixia Zhang Yali Wang Lei Du Lili Zheng Yingchun Zhao Xiaoxiao Feng Jing Lv Department of Nutrition The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China Institute of Nutrition and Health Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Jiangsu Road 16# Qingdao Shandong 266400 People's Republic of China Department of Health Education and Management and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment School of Public Health Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China. Department of surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao) College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Analysis and Testing Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture & Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

This study compared the aroma-active compounds in 14 brands of commercially infant formula and investigated their changes during ambient storage after opening for 2 months. A total of 29 major aroma-active compounds were detected in infant formula. From the PCA and heatmap analysis, a total of 14 brands of infant formula were classified into 3 groups, the second group contained JLB-Y, AY and FH-F, of which 2-furanmethanol and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one were mainly compounds, the third group contained YL and JLB-L, the characteristic flavor compounds in this group were mainly hexanal, heptanal, etc. Aldehydes, as the main volatile substances, account for more than half of the total volatiles. Nearly half of the aldehydes showed more significant changes after storage, e.g. hexanal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal and 3-methylbutyraldehyde. The YL and YP-Q produced more saturated aldehydes after storage, the concentration of hexanal in YL-2m and YP-Q-2m was 2138.5 μg/kg and 2004.1μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heptanal, octanal, and nonanal also increased relatively significantly, which may lead to a distinct rancid flavor in YL and YP-Q. Besides, among the ketones, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one showed the greatest change after storage, especially in JLB-L. According to sensory evaluation experiments, the milky flavor of infant formulas decreased and fatty, rancid, fishy and grassy flavors were found to have increased to different extents after storage. The current information gap on the concentration and evolution of volatile compounds in commercially available infant formula is filled by this study.

关键词： Infant formula Volatile compounds GC-MS Ambient Storage

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Design and Performance Analysis of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motor controller for Electric Scooter

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第1期694卷

作者： M N Yuniarto Estiko Rijanto Agus Mukhlisin Center of Excellence for Automotive Control & System Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Research Center for Electrical Power and Mechatronics Indonesian Institute of Sciences LIPI Bandung Indonesia

Electric vehicle is an alternative to substitute internal combustion engine when fuel availability is difficult to obtain. Electric energy can be obtained from renewable energy and non-renewable energy. Electric vehicles like electric scooters consist of many parts. The parts used in an electric scooter have requirements such as reliability, safety, good performance, and high efficiency. Brushless direct current (BLDC) motor controller is one of the main components in the electric scooter. This paper presents a design and performance test of the BLDC motor controller. The controller uses PID current control with six step commutation in a trapezoidal control. The motor current ripple is eliminated by using a digital isolator. Tests were carried out using an Eddy Current Dynamometer. The results show that the current ripple is sucessfuly reduced which makes the controller suitable for electric scooter applications.

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Feasibility of Amorphous Symmetric Core Transformer under Distribution Network Planning

Feasibility of Amorphous Symmetric Core Transformer under Di...

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electrical power Distribution Conference

作者： Mehran Hajiaghapour-Moghimi Ahmad Moradnouri Mehdi Vakilian Electrical Engineering Department Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran 11365-11155

ISBN: (纸本)9781538669075

Employing efficient distribution transformers under distribution network planning, significant amounts of energy and expenses can be saved. In this paper the multiple design algorithm has been used for design of high efficiency 3D-wound core transformers. Amorphous and silicon steel used as ferromagnetic core materials in the design process of this work. Then an optimal transformer sizing (OTS) algorithm is implemented into optimal selection of transformer, through two case studies. A sample distribution transformer of AB' energy efficiency class with a conventional type of core is designed and compared with the amorphous and silicon steel 3D-wound core transformers, respectively. The corresponding results showed that amorphous 3D-wound core transformers are the best choice under a long-term planning process, even in Iran where the electricity price rate is very low, i.e. with an average rate of 2.0 cents/kW.

关键词： 3D Wound Core Transformer Amorphous Transformer Transformer Total Owning Cost Optimal Transformer Sizing Algorithm

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Linear Voltage Based State Estimator for Active Distribution system Including Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Linear Voltage Based State Estimator for Active Distribution...

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electrical power Distribution Conference

作者： Mohammad Gholami Ali Abbaspour Tehrani Fard Moein Moeini-Aghtaie Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control Department of Energy Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781538669075

In recent years, vision of distribution networks has been changed from passive to highly complex active network. This change results in some challenges in monitoring, control and protection systems that are based on situation awareness of the network conditions. To address these challenges, distribution state estimation (DSE) is a key element. State estimation in traditional distribution systems are largely based on substation measurements and pseudo-measurements (historical data). However, in active distribution network data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used in a cost-effective manner for accurate system state estimation with significant reporting rate. In this paper, traditional linear voltage based SE algorithm (in rectangular form) has been extended in term of inclusion of PMUs for providing accurate estimation in the active distribution network. To evaluate the performance of the proposed voltage based DSE in the active distribution network, the generic 77-bus UK distribution network has been simulated in Open DSS software, and its power flow results feed to MATLAB software environment.

关键词： Distribution system state estimation phasor measurement units (PMUs) active distribution network Linear voltage based estate estimator

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Stability Assessment of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Equipped with Modified Virtual Inertial controller under Variable Wind Speed Conditions

Stability Assessment of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Equipped wi...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Mohammad Hasan Ravanji Mostafa Parniani Center of Excellence in Power System Management & Control (CEPSMC) Sharif University of Technology (SUT) Tehran Iran

This paper investigates the effect of wind speed variations on the small-signal stability of doubly-fed induction generator-based wind turbines equipped with modified virtual inertial controllers (MVIC). MVIC is a control scheme that prudentially emulates the inertial response of the conventional synchronous generators for wind turbines in order to improve their frequency control performance. It also enhances the power oscillation damping capability of the power system. In this paper, it is shown that MVIC is robustly stable against wind speed variations. For this purpose, at first, the equivalent system function between the wind speed and the wind turbine rotor speed is obtained. It is shown, then, that this is a first-order transfer function that its pole is a function of the wind speed, wind turbine rotor speed, and the grid frequency deviations. Nonetheless, for operational values of these quantities, this transfer function is robustly stable. Several simulation results with both non-real and real wind speed data are presented to confirm the theoretical analyses of the paper.

关键词： Wind speed power system stability Mathematical model Stability analysis Wind turbines Rotors

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Identifying Critical Components of Combined Cycle power Plants for Implementation of Reliability-centered Maintenance

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2016年第2期2卷 87-97页

作者： Hamed Sabouhi Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad Payman Dehghanian Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control Department of Electrical EngineeringSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

Maintenance scheduling and asset management practices play an important role in power systems,specifically in power generating *** paper presents a novel riskbased framework for a criticality assessment of plant components as a means to conduct more focused maintenance *** components in power plants that influence overall system performance are identified by quantifying their failure impact on system reliability,electric safety,cost,and the *** of plant components according to the proposed risk-based method ensures that the most effective and techno-economic investment decisions are ***,in turn,helps to initiate modern maintenance approaches,such as reliability-centered maintenance(RCM).The proposed method is applied to a real combined cycle power plant(CCPP)in Iran,composed of two gas turbine power plants(GTPP)and one steam turbine power plant(STPP).The results demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the presented approach in real world practices.

关键词： Combined cycle power plant(CCPP) critical component gas turbine power plant(GTPP) reliability-centered maintenance(RCM) risk safety steam turbine power plant(STPP)

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Robust transmission expansion planning considering private investments maximization

Robust transmission expansion planning considering private i...

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International Conference on power system Technology (powerCON)

作者： Hossein Ranjbar Seyed Hamid Hosseini Mohammad Kasebahadi Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Deregulation in power systems has created new uncertainties and increased the previous ones. The presence of these uncertainties, high investment costs, and long period investment return cause the transmission network to remain monopoly and the private investors not being interested in investing in this section. This paper presents a new approach for transmission expansion planning (TEP) in order to maximize private investment absorption. The robust optimization method is used to model the inherent uncertainties associated with the estimated investment cost of candidate lines and the forecasted system load. The genetic algorithm (GA) is, also, utilized as the methodology to solve the optimization problem. According to this algorithm, the power system operators will introduce the most attractive investment plans for private investors in the presence of uncertainties. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, it has been applied to the IEEE RTS 24-bus system.

关键词： Investment Uncertainty power systems Optimization Robustness Genetic algorithms Planning

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Fast and simple open-circuit fault detection method for interleaved DC-DC converters

Fast and simple open-circuit fault detection method for inte...

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power Electronic and Drive systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC)

作者： Mahmoud Shahbazi Mohammad Reza Zolghadri Saeed Ouni Center of Excellence in Power System Management & Control (CEPSMC) Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Interleaved DC-DC boost converters are interesting choices in applications like fuel cells and photovoltaic systems. Although this converter offers low current ripple, but an open-circuit switch fault can lead to unacceptable current ripples. In this paper, a very fast and simple method is proposed to detect an open-circuit switch fault and its location. This method doesn't need any additional sensors, is efficient in CCM and DCM modes of operation, and can detect the fault in less than one switching period. Moreover, this method is suitable for implementation on an FPGA, due to the use of simple math and state machine blocks. Simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： Switches Fault detection Inductors Estimation DC-DC power converters Current measurement Sensors

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Bad data injection as a threat for power system security

Bad data injection as a threat for power system security

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2015 Smart Grid Conference, SGC 2015

作者： Farajollahi, M. Hosseini, S.H. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Safdarian, A. Electrical Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology Center of Excellence in Power System Control and Management Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781509003693

power system operation is undeniably affected by system security indications providing system operators with insight into power system status. In this regard, any tampered data would compromise power system security. This paper aims at presenting an approach to scrutinize the impact of cyber attacks on the system security indices. With this in mind, two well-known system security indices representing voltage and loading severities are taken into account. The approach uses genetic algorithm to find the most severe conditions for each security index from financial and technical viewpoints. In the former, bad data injection targets to overestimate security indices resulting in unnecessary preventive actions, thus higher operation costs. In the latter, however, underestimation of security indices may threat system security. The proposed algorithm is applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus system. The obtained results indicate how cyber attacks could manipulate the system security indices, leading to fallacious insight over power system status. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Author Correction: Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Nature communications 2020年第1期11卷 6292页

作者： Zhu Liu Philippe Ciais Zhu Deng Ruixue Lei Steven J Davis Sha Feng Bo Zheng Duo Cui Xinyu Dou Biqing Zhu Rui Guo Piyu Ke Taochun Sun Chenxi Lu Pan He Yuan Wang Xu Yue Yilong Wang Yadong Lei Hao Zhou Zhaonan Cai Yuhui Wu Runtao Guo Tingxuan Han Jinjun Xue Olivier Boucher Eulalie Boucher Frédéric Chevallier Katsumasa Tanaka Yiming Wei Haiwang Zhong Chongqing Kang Ning Zhang Bin Chen Fengming Xi Miaomiao Liu François-Marie Bréon Yonglong Lu Qiang Zhang Dabo Guan Peng Gong Daniel M Kammen Kebin He Hans Joachim Schellnhuber Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China. zhuliu@***. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers Gif-sur-Yvette France. Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China. Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine 3232Croul Hall Irvine CA USA. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China. School of Mathematical School Tsinghua University Beijing China. Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China. Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System Wuhan China. Faculty of Management and Economics Kunming University of Science and Technology 13 Kunming China. Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya Japan. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Sorbonne Université/CNRS Paris France. Université Paris Dauphine Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny 75016 Paris France.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://***/10.1038/s41467-020-20254-5.

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