A problem in surface mineralogy is addressed; namely, how does one determine the composition of a mixture from its spectrum? A neural net algorithm arises naturally, and we detail the state equations of this net. An o...
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A problem in surface mineralogy is addressed; namely, how does one determine the composition of a mixture from its spectrum? A neural net algorithm arises naturally, and we detail the state equations of this net. An optical architecture and simulation results are presented.
Most associative memory work has concentrated on autoassociative memories (AAMs). These associative processors provide reduced noise and error correction in their output data. We will consider heteroassociative (HAMs)...
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Most associative memory work has concentrated on autoassociative memories (AAMs). These associative processors provide reduced noise and error correction in their output data. We will consider heteroassociative (HAMs), which are needed to provide decisions on the class of the input data and inferences for subsequent processing. We derive new equations for the storage capacity and noise performance of HAMs, emphasize how they differ from those derived for AAMs, suggest new performance measures to be used, and show how different recollection vector encodings can improve HAM performance.
Morphological transformations are applied to industrial inspection problems. A real time optical architecture to implement morphological transformations such as erosion, opening, closing, and skeletonization is descri...
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Morphological transformations are applied to industrial inspection problems. A real time optical architecture to implement morphological transformations such as erosion, opening, closing, and skeletonization is described and analyzed. The first real time optical laboratory results of erosion and opening are presented for locating string in tobacco.
A hybrid time and space integrating processor is shown to provide more than one operation per analog to digital conversion. A preferred performance measure, operations per second per component, is used to compare bit-...
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A hybrid time and space integrating processor is shown to provide more than one operation per analog to digital conversion. A preferred performance measure, operations per second per component, is used to compare bit-sliced digital and high accuracy optical processors using the digital multiplication-by-analog-convolution algorithm. optical system performance is shown to increase nearly quadratically with the speed of its components, while digital systems increase only linearly.
optical systems and algorithms are presented for implementing digit-serial (or on-line) computations. These systems achieve high accuracy without the need for A-Ds and incorporate parallelism and carry-free addition t...
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optical systems and algorithms are presented for implementing digit-serial (or on-line) computations. These systems achieve high accuracy without the need for A-Ds and incorporate parallelism and carry-free addition to achieve high processing speed. On-line arithmetic allows parallel calculations to be performed by concurrent execution of operations. (Consecutive operations can start before all digits of the previous operations are available.) The algorithms are problem- and step-invariant and inherently allow variable precision as we show. To achieve parallelism, we introduce the modified signed-digit number representation into these algorithms and architectures. This results in new arithmetic rules (new addition rules, a different number of bits needed, a different number of cycles required) from those in conventional digital digit-serial systems. We include sufficient detail (not readily available elsewhere) needed for the design of the units we include. New architectures using optical bistable devices and optical interconnects are described that can implement digit-serial addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division algorithms in this new approach.
Multitarget tracking requires assigning probabilities that measurements are associated with particular targets. A new and efficient algorithm to achieve this is detailed. Its implementation on an analog optical proces...
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Multitarget tracking requires assigning probabilities that measurements are associated with particular targets. A new and efficient algorithm to achieve this is detailed. Its implementation on an analog optical processor using a new and cost-effective frequency-multiplexing technique is discussed.
We introduce the notion of optimal phase-only filters (OPOFs) that yield improved signal to noise ratios (SNRs). We illustrate the improvement in SNR resulting from the use of OPOFs with the help of several analytical...
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We introduce the notion of optimal phase-only filters (OPOFs) that yield improved signal to noise ratios (SNRs). We illustrate the improvement in SNR resulting from the use of OPOFs with the help of several analytical examples and simulation results.
Selected algorithms for adding to and deleting from optical pseudoinverse associative memories are presented and compared. New realizations of pseudoinverse updating methods using vector inner product matrix bordering...
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Selected algorithms for adding to and deleting from optical pseudoinverse associative memories are presented and compared. New realizations of pseudoinverse updating methods using vector inner product matrix bordering and reduced-dimensionality Karhunen-Loeve approximations (which have been used for updating optical filters) are described in the context of associative memories. Greville’s theorem is reviewed and compared with the Widrow-Hoff algorithm. Kohonen’s gradient projection method is expressed in a different form suitable for optical implementation. The data matrix memory is also discussed for comparison purposes. Memory size, speed and ease of updating, and key vector requirements are the comparison criteria used.
Error diffusion presents a very attractive method for manufacturing computer-generated holograms. However, it has certain defects that make it unsuitable for various opticalprocessing applications, such as correlatio...
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Error diffusion presents a very attractive method for manufacturing computer-generated holograms. However, it has certain defects that make it unsuitable for various opticalprocessing applications, such as correlation. We present an extension of error diffusion which makes it suitable for the implementation of correlation filters.
A novel optical neural net for performing matrix inversion is presented. This algorithm does not suffer from accumulative round-off error. Various optical architectures are introduced, and the circumstances in which e...
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A novel optical neural net for performing matrix inversion is presented. This algorithm does not suffer from accumulative round-off error. Various optical architectures are introduced, and the circumstances in which each of them is advantageous are investigated.
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