The cognitive models of information representation and the mechanisms of long-term memory are fundamental research areas in cognitive informatics. This paper develops an object-attribute-relation (OAR) model for descr...
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The cognitive models of information representation and the mechanisms of long-term memory are fundamental research areas in cognitive informatics. This paper develops an object-attribute-relation (OAR) model for describing knowledge and information representation in the brain. According to the OAR model, the human memory and knowledge are represented by relations, i.e. synaptic connections between neurons, rather than by the neurons themselves as the traditional container metaphor described. Based on the OAR model, human knowledge can be formally described as dynamic conjunctions of the existing OAR and the newly identified or generated objects, attributes, and/or relations. The OAR model can be used to explain a wide range of cognitive mechanisms and mental processes in natural and artificial intelligences such as learning, comprehension, and reasoning
This paper presents a collaborative work theory for explaining the mythic man-month in software project organization. A mathematical model of the mechanisms and behaviors of group workload in softwareengineering is c...
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This paper presents a collaborative work theory for explaining the mythic man-month in software project organization. A mathematical model of the mechanisms and behaviors of group workload in softwareengineering is created, which reveals the transformability between labor and time in softwareengineering projects. Based on the model, the actual effort, labor allocation, and project duration can be quantitatively analyzed. A set of laws of work organization for softwareengineering are formally described, which can be applied in optimizing softwareengineering decisions on best labor allocations, shortest durations, and lowest costs in project organization
The complexities of software systems are more prominent now than ever, due to progression of simple software applications to large integrated systems, either centralized or distributed. The challenges to software engi...
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The complexities of software systems are more prominent now than ever, due to progression of simple software applications to large integrated systems, either centralized or distributed. The challenges to software engineer somehow to understand and manage such large software systems and deal with software cognitive complexities. Although there are research areas such as human machine interface or human factor engineering, there is still little research on how to quantitatively measure and analyze human cognitive complexities in comprehending and understanding complex software systems. This paper studies human interaction with software programs in the cognitive perspective on software complexity. Based on the findings, a pilot software cognitive complexity measurement and analyses tool (CCMAT) is presented
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are highly susceptible to noise from electromyogram (EMG) signals of the frontalis and temporalis muscles. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new method for detecting fronta...
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In this paper, we propose a new and low-power architecture for synchronous ring counters which can noticeably reduce the switching activity of the conventional ring counters. To achieve the goal we partition the ring ...
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In this paper, we propose a new and low-power architecture for synchronous ring counters which can noticeably reduce the switching activity of the conventional ring counters. To achieve the goal we partition the ring counter into some blocks for each of which we use a special clock gator. The Hot block (the block in which the '1' exists) is the only block the flip-flops of which are clocked. The delay and area overhead of the proposed clock gator is independent of the block size; this enables designer to freely resize the blocks and compromise with area and power overheads. The latency increase in the proposed architecture is independent of the counter width and depends only on the technology. For 90 nm technology it increases the latency by 5%. The architecture noticeably (about 85%) reduces the total switching activity of the counter especially for wide counters.
In scientific domains, knowledge is often discovered from experiments by grouping or clustering them based on the similarity of their output. The causes of similarity are analyzed based on the input conditions charact...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595934332
In scientific domains, knowledge is often discovered from experiments by grouping or clustering them based on the similarity of their output. The causes of similarity are analyzed based on the input conditions characterizing a given type of output, i.e., a given cluster. This analysis helps in applications such as decision support in industry. Cluster representatives form at-a-glance depictions for such applications. Randomly selecting a set of conditions in a cluster as its representative is not sufficient since distinct combinations of inputs could lead to the same cluster. In this paper, an approach called DesCond is proposed to design semantics-preserving cluster representatives for scientific input conditions. We define a notion of distance for conditions to capture semantics based on the types of their attributes and their relative importance. Using this distance, methods of building candidate cluster representatives with different levels of detail are proposed. Candidates are compared using the DesCond Encoding proposed in this paper that assesses their complexity and information loss, given user interests. The candidate with the lowest encoding for each cluster is returned as its designed representative. DesCond is evaluated with real data from Materials Science. Evaluation with domain expert interviews and formal user surveys shows that designed representatives consistently outperform randomly selected ones and different candidates suit different users. Copyright 2006 ACM.
For a large scale of software development, there is a tremendous number of software requirements documents in a collection which may be produced for different domains by different developer teams. They may be later re...
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For a large scale of software development, there is a tremendous number of software requirements documents in a collection which may be produced for different domains by different developer teams. They may be later reused to reduce cost and time for the next development. Thus, there is a need to retrieve ones that meet user's need efficiently. This paper presents an approach for software requirements specification retrieval in a form of use case description using use case structure and similarity computation between terms of use case query and use cases in the collection. The contribution of the paper has five main points; 1) the approach for retrieving use case description is proposed, 2) the developed tool supporting the approach is presented, 3) the experiment is designed to measure effectiveness of the approach, 4) the results of the experiment are shown to compare effectiveness of the approach to that of a general approach, and finally 5) the recommended use case description query template is proposed.
In this paper, design principles and application of a thin and flexible intravascular top hat monopole probe with increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and improved longitudinal and radial coverage are described and c...
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Alias analysis is a method for extracting sets of expressions which may possibly refer to the same memory locations during program execution. Although many researchers have already proposed analysis methods for the pu...
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Alias analysis is a method for extracting sets of expressions which may possibly refer to the same memory locations during program execution. Although many researchers have already proposed analysis methods for the purpose of program optimization, difficulties still remain in applying such methods to practical softwareengineering tools in the sense of precision, extensibility and scalability. Focusing mainly on a practical use for program maintenance activities such as program debugging and understanding, we propose an alias analysis method for object-oriented programs and discuss our implementation. Using this method, we have developed a tool named JAAT. Our proposed method employs a two-phase, on-demand, and instance-based algorithm, in which intra-class analysis is done in phase 1 for whole programs and libraries, and inter-class analysis is done in phase 2 only for a user-demanded target. JAAT can analyze large programs or libraries such as JDK class library. Also, JAAT includes various features for program maintenance activities, such as GUI for displaying aliases, and an XML database for storing analysis information
This paper is based our previous work on model predictive control (MPC) of switched reluctance motor (SRM). A local linear neuro-fuzzy model is used to model SRM. Then a MPC schema is devised considering an appropriat...
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This paper is based our previous work on model predictive control (MPC) of switched reluctance motor (SRM). A local linear neuro-fuzzy model is used to model SRM. Then a MPC schema is devised considering an appropriate energy term in the objective function during optimization phase. Commutation occurs naturally as an outcome of the predictive control design process, not as an extra step added to the control policy. In this paper, an adaptive -time varying- objective function is proposed to better cope with nonlinear nature of the SRM. A fast and easy algorithm is devised to adjust the weights in the objective function. This new algorithm allow for an auto-tune MPC approach to SRM control. From a computational view point, we use locally linear model predictive control that with a quadratic cost and linear constraints reduces to a simple quadratic programming, which can be solved very fast in a closed form. Simulation studies justify applicability of our proposed method and algorithm to SRM applications
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