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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Kosmia Loizidou Galateia Skouroumouni Gabriella Savvidou Anastasia Constantinidou Christos Nikolaou Costas Pitris Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence University of Cyprus Cyprus German Oncology Center Cyprus Medical School University of Cyprus and the Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre Cyprus Limassol General Hospital Cyprus

Breast cancer remains one of the leading cancers for women worldwide. Fortunately, with the introduction of mammography, the mortality rate has significantly decreased. However, earlier breast cancer prediction could effectively increase the survival rates, improve patient outcomes, and avoid unnecessary biopsies. For that purpose, prediction of breast cancer, using subtraction of temporally sequential digital mammograms and machine learning, is proposed. A new dataset was collected with 192 images from 32 patients (three screening rounds, with two views of each breast). This dataset included precise annotation of each individual malignant mass, present in the most recent mammogram, with the two priors being radiologically evaluated as normal. The most recent mammogram was considered as the "future" screening round and provided the location of the mass as the ground truth for the training. The two previous mammograms, the "current" and the "prior", were processed and a new, difference image was formed for the prediction. Ninety-six features were extracted and five feature selection algorithms were combined to identify the most important features. Ten classifiers were tested in leave-one-patient-out and k-fold-patient cross-validation (k = 4 and 8). Ensemble Voting achieved the highest performance in the prediction of the development of breast mass in the next screening round, with 85.7% sensitivity, 83.7% specificity, 83.7% accuracy and 0.85 AUC. The proposed methodology could lead to a new mammography-based model that could predict the short-term risk for developing a malignancy, thus providing an earlier diagnosis.

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Reversible Data Hiding With Secret Encrypted Image Sharing and Adaptive Coding

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Fang, Guangtian Wang, Feng Zhao, Chenbin Qin, Chuan Chang, Ching-Chun Chang, Chin-Chen Fujian University of Technology College of Computer Science and Mathematics Fuzhou350118 China Fujian University of Technology College of Computer Science and Mathematics Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fuzhou350118 China Monash University Faculty of IT Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity VIC3800 Australia Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Wuhan430072 China University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Feng Chia University Information and Communication Security Research Center Taichuang 40724 Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Taichung40724 Taiwan

To ensure the security of image information and facilitate efficient management in the cloud, the utilization of reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) has emerged as pivotal. However, most existing RDHEI schemes suffer from lower security and limited embedding capacity. To tackle these challenges, we propose a reversible data hiding with secret encrypted image sharing and adaptive coding scheme. Specifically, in the encryption phase, we introduce an improved secret sharing (SS) encryption method based on the chinese remainder theorem for polynomials (CRTP). This method not only improves the security of encrypted images but also vacates a larger room for embedding. In the embedding phase, we introduce an adaptive coding embedding approach using XOR preservation (XORP) and huffman coding, which provides high embedding capacity. Experimental results and security analysis demonstrate that our proposed encryption method achieves optimal values in security indicators for encrypted images, such as information entropy, histograms, NPCR and UACI. The proposed embedding method is superior to some state-of-the-art schemes in terms of embedding capacity. Furthermore, in datasets BOSSBase and BOWS2, the average embedding rates of the proposed embedding approach can reach 2.1745 bpp and 2.0656 bpp, respectively. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： adaptive coding chinese remainder theorem for polynomials encrypted images Reversible data hiding secret sharing

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SafeDrones: Real-Time Reliability Evaluation of UAVs using Executable Digital Dependable Identities

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Aslansefat, Koorosh Nikolaou, Panagiota Walker, Martin Akram, Mohammed Naveed Sorokos, Ioannis Reich, Jan Kolios, Panayiotis Michael, Maria K. Theocharides, Theocharis Ellinas, Georgios Schneider, Daniel Papadopoulos, Yiannis University of Hull United Kingdom Kios Research and Innovation Center of Excellence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Germany

The use of Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) offers many advantages across a variety of applications. However, safety assurance is a key barrier to widespread usage, especially given the unpredictable operational and environmental factors experienced by UAVs, which are hard to capture solely at design-time. This paper proposes a new reliability modeling approach called SafeDrones to help address this issue by enabling runtime reliability and risk assessment of UAVs. It is a prototype instantiation of the Executable Digital Dependable Identity (EDDI) concept, which aims to create a model-based solution for real-time, data-driven dependability assurance for multi-robot systems. By providing real-time reliability estimates, SafeDrones allows UAVs to update their missions accordingly in an adaptive manner. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Elderly Standing Imbalance Detection Using Noise-Resilient Robust Mean Estimator and Deep Learning

Elderly Standing Imbalance Detection Using Noise-Resilient R...

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International Conference on software, Knowledge Information, Industrial Management and Applications (SKIMA)

作者： Drishya Raj Shanfeng Hu Nauman Aslam Xiaomin Chen Worasak Rueangsirarak Surapong Uttama Fatimah Nauman Department of Computer and Information Sciences Northumbria University UK Center of Excellence in Computer and Communication Engineering for Capacity Building of Information Technology Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai Thailand Center of Excellence in AI and Emerging Technologies School of Information Technology Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai Thailand Faculty of Medicine Lancaster University UK

Elderly standing imbalance is a critical public health concern, demanding robust and accurate detection techniques for improved safety and well-being. In this paper, we propose a novel method employing unsupervised learning and Denoising Autoencoder with Multi-Layer Perceptron networks, along with a custom adaptive Huber loss function and activation function, to classify standing states in elderly individuals. The existing Standing imbalance detection research includes difficulties such as addressing irregularities in pressure sensor data, largely stressing binary classification due to algorithmic efficiency considerations while dealing with heavy-tailed data. The approach utilizes open-source smart insole datasets, capturing left and right foot pressure data. The ensemble model DAE-MLP efficiently captures the temporal dynamics of the imbalance scores produced using the Noise-resilient robust mean estimator, enabling accurate and robust classification. This method adapts to varied degrees of data imbalance, resulting in more accurate learning. Through comprehensive evaluations, our method achieves an overall accuracy of 94 percentage on a test dataset with 53 instances. This approach serves as a proactive standing imbalance detection system for the elderly, enhancing safety and quality of life by identifying and addressing standing imbalance risks. Our research introduces an innovative solution, paving the way for advancements in elderly healthcare and safety, reducing the risk of falls and related injuries.

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A Probabilistic Framework for Pruning Transformers Via a Finite Admixture of Keys

A Probabilistic Framework for Pruning Transformers Via a Fin...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Tan M. Nguyen Tam Nguyen Long Bui Hai Do Duy Khuong Nguyen Dung D. Le Hung Tran-The Nhat Ho Stan J. Osher Richard G. Baraniuk Department of Mathematics University of California Los Angeles USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston USA FPT Software AI Center Ha Noi Vietnam College of Engineering and Computer Science Vin University Vietnam Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute Deakin University Geelong Australia Department of Statistics and Data Sciences The University of Texas Austin USA

Pairwise dot product-based self-attention is key to the success of transformers which achieve state-of-the-art performance across a variety of applications in language and vision, but are costly to compute. It has been shown that most attention scores and keys in transformers are redundant and can be removed without loss of accuracy. In this paper, we develop a novel probabilistic framework for pruning attention scores and keys in transformers. We first formulate an admixture model of attention keys whose input data to be clustered are attention queries. We show that attention scores in self-attention correspond to the posterior distribution of this model when attention keys admit a uniform prior distribution. We then relax this uniform prior constraint and let the model learn these priors from data, resulting in a new Finite Admixture of Keys (FiAK). The learned priors are used for pruning away redundant attention scores and keys in the baseline transformers, improving the diversity of attention patterns that the models capture. We corroborate the efficiency of transformers pruned with FiAK on the ImageNet object classification and WikiText-103 language modeling tasks. Our experiments demonstrate that transformers pruned with FiAK yield similar or better accuracy than the baseline dense transformers while being much more efficient in terms of memory and computational cost.

关键词： Computational modeling Memory management Signal processing Transformers Probabilistic logic Data models Acoustics

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Privacy-Preserving Quantum Two-Party Geometric Intersection

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Wen-Jie Xu, Yong Yang, James C.N. Yu, Wen-Bin Chi, Lian-Hua Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien974 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University VIC3086 Australia

Privacy-preserving computational geometry is the research area on the intersection of the domains of secure multi-party computation (SMC) and computational geometry. As an important field, the privacy-preserving geometric intersection (PGI) problem is when each of the multiple parties has a private geometric graph and seeks to determine whether their graphs intersect or not without revealing their private information. In this study, through representing Alice’s (Bob’s) private geometric graph GA (GB ) as the set of numbered grids SA (SB ), an efficient privacy-preserving quantum two-party geometric intersection (PQGI) protocol is proposed. In the protocol, the oracle operation OA (OB ) is firstly utilized to encode the private elements of SA (a0, a1,, aM1) (SB (b0,b1,bN1)) into the quantum states, and then the oracle operation Of is applied to obtain a new quantum state which includes the XOR results between each element of SA and SB . Finally, the quantum counting is introduced to get the amount (t ) of the states ai bj equaling to 0, and the intersection result can be obtained by judging t 0 or not. Compared with classical PGI protocols, our proposed protocol not only has higher security, but also holds lower communication complexity. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computational geometry

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Intelligent larval zebrafish phenotype recognition via attention mechanism for high-throughput screening

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 188卷 109892-109892页

作者： Wang, Baihua Sun, Qi Liu, Yujia Zhang, Jiheng Li, Gaozheng Wu, Sifang Zheng, Houbing Ye, Jialin Zhou, Meihua Zheng, Haisu Yu, Yongqiang Zhong, Yi Wu, Yuanzi Huang, Da Wang, Biao Weng, Zuquan College of Biological Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fujian Fuzhou China Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fujian Fuzhou China The Center for Big Data Research in Burns and Trauma College of Computer and Data Science/College of Software Fuzhou University Fujian China

Background: Larval zebrafish phenotypes serve as critical research indicators in fields such as ecotoxicology and safety assessment since phenotypic defects are closely related to alterations of underlying pathway. However, identifying these defects is time-consuming and requires specialized knowledge. Method: We proposed a deep network model called RECNet, which combines attention mechanisms and residual structures. In terms of data processing, we applied the mixup data augmentation technique and accumulated a collection of 6805 larval zebrafish phenotype images, mostly generated from our laboratory. Our proposed model was deployed to execute two distinct tasks, including a four-classification of zebrafish phenotypes and a seven-classification involving mixed labels for abnormalities. Results: In the four-class classification task, the RECNet model achieved an accuracy of 0.949, with a mean area under the curve of 0.986 and an F1-score of 0.966. Through interpretable research, attention mechanisms enable the model to focus more accurately on regions of interest. In the mixed-label seven-classification task for anomalies, our model achieved an accuracy of 0.913 and a mean average precision value of 0.847 by employing the weighted loss function (DFBLoss). Furthermore, in a new test dataset, the RECNet model achieved accuracy rates of 0.924 and 0.876 for the two tasks, respectively. Our RECNet model was trained by orders of magnitude larger dataset than previous studies and also showed better accuracy rates. Conclusions: Our method holds promise for diverse applications within zebrafish laboratories and fields such as toxicology, providing indispensable support to scientific research. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Invertebrates

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Sampled-data local exponential stabilization of nonlinear retarded systems by first order approximation methods and spline interpolation of measures

Sampled-data local exponential stabilization of nonlinear re...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： P. Pepe A. Borri M. Di Ferdinando Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics Center of Excellence for Research DEWS University of L’Aquila L’Aquila Italy Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica “A. Ruberti” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Rome Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

It is proved, for systems described by nonlinear retarded functional differential equations, that (local) exponential stability is guaranteed under fast sampling and spline approximation of stabilizing feedbacks obtained in continuous-time by first-order approximation methods. At the (high) price to consider just the local case, here we make rid of any kind of assumptions such as: the availability and exhibition of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals with suitable properties; the availability and exhibition of suitable steepest descent feedbacks of the state with suitable properties; global Lipschitz properties of the function describing the dynamics and of the state feedback. No assumptions are introduced besides standard Fréchet differentiability at the origin of the function describing the dynamics, and the availability of a linear state feedback for the stabilization of the first order approximating linear system, which a huge literature is devoted to with so many results.

关键词： Linear systems State feedback Interpolation Stability Differential equations Nonlinear dynamical systems Control theory Splines (mathematics) Standards

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How Deep is Love in LLMs’ Hearts? Exploring Semantic Size in Human-like Cognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yao, Yao Yang, Yifei Ma, Xinbei Yang, Dongjie Zhang, Zhuosheng Li, Zuchao Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trusted Data Circulation and Governance in Web3 Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China

How human cognitive abilities are formed has long captivated researchers. However, a significant challenge lies in developing meaningful methods to measure these complex processes. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), which now rival human capabilities in various domains, we are presented with a unique testbed to investigate human cognition through a new lens. Among the many facets of cognition, one particularly crucial aspect is the concept of semantic size—the perceived magnitude of both abstract and concrete words or concepts. This study seeks to investigate whether LLMs exhibit similar tendencies in understanding semantic size, thereby providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of human cognition. We begin by exploring metaphorical reasoning, comparing how LLMs and humans associate abstract words with concrete objects of varying sizes. Next, we examine LLMs’ internal representations to evaluate their alignment with human cognitive processes. Our findings reveal that multi-modal training is crucial for LLMs to achieve more human-like understanding, suggesting that real-world, multi-modal experiences are similarly vital for human cognitive development. Lastly, we examine whether LLMs are influenced by attention-grabbing headlines with larger semantic sizes in a real-world web shopping scenario. The results show that multi-modal LLMs are more emotionally engaged in decision-making, but this also introduces potential biases, such as the risk of manipulation through clickbait headlines. Ultimately, this study offers a novel perspective on how LLMs interpret and internalize language, from the smallest concrete objects to the most profound abstract concepts like ‘love’. The insights gained not only improve our understanding of LLMs but also provide new avenues for exploring the cognitive abilities that define human intelligence. Our code and dataset is publicly available at https://***/Zoeyyao27/LLM-Semantic-Size-Understanding. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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A SHAP-based Active Learning Approach for Creating High-Quality Training Data

A SHAP-based Active Learning Approach for Creating High-Qual...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Nailcan Kara Yagiz Levent Gume Umit Tigrak Gokce Ezeroglu Serdar Mola Omer Burak Akgun Arzucan Özgür Analytics Center of Excellence Fibabanka İzmir Turkey R&D Center Fibabanka İstanbul Turkey Analytics Center of Excellence Fibabanka İstanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Boğaziçi University İstanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480468

Machine learning-based text classification models require labeled data for training. However, manual labeling is a costly and time-consuming process. This task is particularly difficult in domains such as banking, where outsourcing data labeling is generally not allowed due to privacy laws. We propose a novel active learning-based approach in which the most difficult instances in the pool of unlabeled data are selected based on the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values of the words in the texts to be classified and passed to human annotators for labeling. At each iteration of this human-in-the-loop strategy, newly labeled instances are added to the training set. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in classifying customer comments in the banking domain surveys. Our experiments indicate that better results are achieved when the proposed approach is used to expand the training set, compared to a baseline strategy of expanding the training set with randomly selected instances. Further analysis shows that the difference in performance between the two approaches becomes more pronounced as class imbalance increases. This study suggests that human-in-the-loop based active learning is a powerful strategy for creating high-quality training datasets by effectively leveraging human annotation effort.

关键词： Training Text categorization Training data Banking Big Data Human in the loop Data models

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