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Fast Demodulation of OFDR-Based Distributed Sensing Based on Enhanced Buneman Frequency Estimation

Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4283-4289页

作者： Zhang, Zhaopeng Liu, Bo Liu, Xiao Li, Caiyun Alsalman, Osamah Zhu, Chen Zhejiang Laboratory Research Center for Novel Computing Sensing and Intelligent Processing Hangzhou311121 China King Saud University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RollaMO65409 United States

Aiming at realizing high-efficiency distributed strain sensing through optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), this paper introduces a fast demodulation algorithm to determine strain-induced spectral shifts from coarse Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) cross-correlation spectra. The proposed approach employs an enhanced Buneman frequency estimation (BFE) algorithm, enabling direct spectral shift analysis across coarse signals. By applying this algorithm, the need for dense interpolation in the conventional cross-correlation demodulation process—typically required for a finer spectral sampling interval but at the cost of demodulation efficiency—can be eliminated. Both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation reveal the equivalence of the BFE and conventional algorithms in terms of underlying physical principles and resultant demodulation noise distribution, establishing a strong foundation for adopting the BFE algorithm to improve demodulation efficiency without sacrificing performance metrics. Demonstration experiments using identical hardware configurations show that the proposed BFE method enhances demodulation efficiency by over 17 times without sacrificing other performance metrics, confirming its effectiveness and practicality. This advancement holds promise for improving the practical application of OFDR-based distributed sensing systems. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Advanced Helical Antenna Design for X-Band Applications Using AI

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Progress in Electromagnetics research C 2025年 153卷 201-211页

作者： Zeain, Mohammed Yousif Abu, Maisarah Toding, Apriana Zakaria, Zahriladha Alsariera, Hussein Ullah, Ihsan Abdulbari, Ali Abdulateef Yon, Hamizan Taha, Bilal Salman Inam Abbasi, Muhammad Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Durian Tunggal76100 Malaysia Makassar Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Information Technology Center University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Antenna Research Center College of Engineering School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronics University Tenaga National Malaysia Malaysia

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel 3D-printed helical antenna operating within the 9.4–10.8 GHz frequency band. The antenna, employing a lightweight paper substrate and a strip-based helical structure, exhibits robust circular polarization characteristics and wideband operation. Rigorous simulations predict a peak CP gain of 11.7 dBi at 9.8 GHz and a high simulated radiation efficiency of 95%. Experimental measurements validate these predictions, achieving a peak CP gain of 11.6 dBi at 9.8 GHz. This research demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed helical antennas for diverse applications in modern wireless communication systems, including 5G, satellite communication, and radar. Furthermore, this study leverages the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by employing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), a sophisticated metaheuristic algorithm, to optimize the antenna’s design. The GWO algorithm is utilized to efficiently search the design space and identify optimal values for key parameters, such as the number of turns, helix pitch, and helix diameter, with the objective of maximizing antenna gain to achieve a target of 15 dBi. This research highlights the potential of AI-driven optimization techniques in advancing the design of high-performance antennas for emerging wireless communication systems. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Helical antennas

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Unveiling anomalies: transformative insights from transformer-based autoencoder models

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第1期47卷 29-44页

作者： Dehkordi, Sajad Balali Nasri, Saeed Dami, Sina Department of Electrical Engineering Najaf Abad Branch Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad Iran Digital Processing and Machine Vision Research Center Najaf Abad Branch Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad Iran Department of Computer Engineering West Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Nowadays, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a critical role in safeguarding networks by identifying and mitigating unauthorized access and malicious activities, yet face challenges in accurately detecting sophisticated threats while minimizing false positives. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of a Transformer-based Autoencoder model for network intrusion detection using the NSL-KDD dataset. We evaluate the model's anomaly detection performance based on key metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Precision-Recall Area Under Curve (AUC), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) on the test set. Our findings reveal promising results, with the model achieving low MSE, high AUC, and relatively low RMSE values, indicating its effectiveness in detecting anomalies. Additionally, we provide an in-depth examination of the model architecture, highlighting the role of encoder and decoder layers, dropout regularization, and optimization techniques such as Adam optimizer. Our analysis sheds light on the efficacy of Transformer-based Autoencoder models for network intrusion detection tasks, offering insights into their architectural design and performance evaluation. The novelty of this study lies in the implementation of a Transformer-based Autoencoder architecture for network intrusion detection, showcasing its superior performance in anomaly detection compared to traditional methods. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Network intrusion detection based on feature fusion of attack dimension

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Journal of Supercomputing 2025年第6期81卷 1-33页

作者： Sun, Xiaolong Gu, Zhengyao Zhang, Hao Gu, Jason Liu, Yanhua Dong, Chen Ye, Junwei College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Chinese Ministry of Education Fuzhou350116 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3J 1Z1 Canada

Network traffic anomaly detection involves the rapid identification of intrusions within a network through the detection, analysis, and classification of network traffic data. The variety of cyberattacks encompasses diverse attack principles. Employing an indiscriminate feature selection strategy may lead to the neglect of key features highly correlated with specific attack types. This oversight could diminish the recognition rate for that category, thereby impacting the overall performance of the detection model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a network traffic anomaly detection model based on the fusion of attack-dimensional features. Firstly, construct binary classification datasets independently for each attack class and perform individual feature selection to extract positively correlated features for each class. The features are then fused by employing a combination methods. Subsequently, based on the fused sub-datasets, base classifiers are trained. Finally, an ensemble learning approach is introduced to integrate the predictions of individual classifiers, enhancing the robustness of the model. The proposed approach, validated on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 benchmark datasets, outperforms the latest methods in the field by achieving a 2% and 7% increase in precision on weighted averages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Resource Allocation for Fairness Enhancement in Multi-Cell Vehicular VLC System With Optical IRS: A Cooperative Transmission Approach

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16931-16946页

作者： An, Nan Yang, Fang Liu, Chang Cheng, Ling Song, Jian Han, Zhu Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Center of National Railway Intelligent Transportation System Engineering and Technology Beijing100081 China China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Signal and Communication Research Institute Beijing100081 China University of the Witwatersrand School of Electrical and Information Engineering Johannesburg2050 South Africa Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

In multi-cell downlink vehicular visible light communication (VLC) systems, vehicles at a cell edge experience lower achievable data rates compared with those at a cell center, primarily due to the weaker channel gain and inter-cell interference, leading to unfairness among vehicles. In this paper, a cooperative transmission approach is proposed for a vehicular VLC system with optical intelligent reflecting surface (OIRS) to enhance the max-min fairness of the system by leveraging the additional OIRS-reflected channels and the interference-mitigating capabilities of cooperative transmission. To this end, the system model is established, followed by the formulation of a resource allocation problem aiming at enhancing max-min fairness, in which the minimum achievable data rate among vehicles is optimized. Then, an effective resource algorithm is proposed, transforming the original problem into an equivalent form and subsequently decomposing it into three subproblems, focusing on OIRS assignment, subchannel allocation, and power adjustment, respectively. By employing a block coordinate descent algorithm, the three subproblems are solved iteratively until convergence. In addition, simulation results confirm the improvement in max-min fairness brought by OIRS and the proposed cooperative transmission approach. Moreover, compared with various baselines, the proposed resource allocation algorithm significantly enhances in the max-min fairness for the vehicular VLC system, crucial for this application. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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Experimental implementation of chaos-based video encryption using visible light communication technology

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Applied Optics 2025年第9期64卷 C101-C118页

作者： Fotso, Sorel Bagio Nono Mbé, Jimmi Hervé Talla Takotue, Jean Ernest Takougang, Armand Cyrille Nzeukou Ndjiongue, Alain Richard Research Unit of Condensed Matter Electronics and Signal Processing Department of Physics University of Dschang P.O. Box 67 Dschang Cameroon Research Unit of Automation and Applied Computer Department of Electrical Engineering IUT-FV Bandjoun University of Dschang P.O. Box: 134 Bandjoun Cameroon Laboratory of Industrial Systems and Environmental Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology University of Dschang P.O. Box 134 Bandjoun Cameroon School of Electrical and Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Simulations are commonly used to develop and evaluate video encryption algorithms. Although these approaches are useful for demonstrating theoretical feasibility and algorithm performance, they neglect practical challenges and real-world communication conditions. This oversight creates a critical gap in evaluating their effectiveness and security in practical applications. In this paper, we describe a novel, to the best of our knowledge, video encryption scheme that employs a modified chaotic Colpitts oscillator, a customized Josephus problem, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) operations, and is implemented in visible light communication (VLC) environment. The modified Colpitts oscillator reveals significant phenomena, the most prominent for this study being chaos. The encryption scheme involves block scrambling and pixel-level permutation employing a customized Josephus problem and a column and row shifting technique. Diffusion is then achieved through a custom Josephus problem-oriented RNA operation combined with basic RNA operations and cipher block chaining (CBC). Based on the results, we found that the customized Josephus problem-based permutation performed more efficiently than traditional methods, whereas the column and row shifting permutation was more robust. By eliminating key sequence coding and item-to-item operations, the proposed RNA operation reduces computational overhead. This video encryption scheme is proven to be effective and resilient at securing video data transmitted over the VLC channel, and it constitutes a significant advancement in areas such as surveillance, medical imaging, and military communication requiring robust secured video data. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Low crosstalk and high extinction ratio all-optical 4 × 2 encoder based on metal–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguides

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第4期57卷 1-14页

作者： Qiaoling, Tang Afshari-Bavil, Mehdi Rezaei, Mir Hamid School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Neijiang Normal University Sichuan Province Neijiang641112 China Photonics Research Center Neijiang Normal University Sichuan Province Neijiang641112 China Department of Communications and Electronics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

This paper presents an all-optical 4 × 2 encoder based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguides, designed for operation across a wide wavelength range of 1–2 μm. The MIM waveguides consist of SiO2 dielectric strips sandwiched between layers of silver metal. The encoder incorporates a straight waveguide to detect the state of the In0 input. Additionally, it includes one splitter and two combiners with outputs Out0 and Out1 for detecting the states of the In1, In2, and In3 inputs. A key innovation in this work is the distance created between the splitter and combiners, which allows for tuning and improving the encoder output characteristics. The proposed encoder was simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method. It demonstrates a minimum extinction ratio of 11.65 dB and a crosstalk level of − 15.65 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The total footprint of the encoder is less than 8 μm2. Our research indicates that a 4 × 2 encoder utilizing MIM waveguides has not been previously reported. Given its straightforward fabrication process, high extinction ratio, and low crosstalk, the suggested encoder is a promising candidate for a wide range of plasmonic communication and signal-processing applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Crosstalk

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Integrated Non-Terrestrial and Terrestrial Quantum Anonymous Networks

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IEEE Network 2025年第3期39卷 196-206页

作者： Khan, Awais Bui, Tinh Thanh Rehman, Junaid Ur Chatzinotas, Symeon Cotton, Simon L. Dobre, Octavia A. Duong, Trung Q. Shin, Hyundong Kyung Hee University Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Department of Electrical Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems Dhahran Saudi Arabia University of Luxembourg Luxembourg City1855 Luxembourg Memorial University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering St. John'sNLA1B 3X5 Canada Queen's University Belfast Department of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BelfastBT7 1NN United Kingdom

Due to optical fiber limitations for quantum communication, global-scale quantum networks are possible only by integrating non-terrestrial components in the overall network architecture. Quantum networks are expected to support distributed tasks for quantum information processing, such as quantum sensing, control, communication, and computing. These networks enable emerging applications that are uniquely quantum or augmented by quantum mechanics. Leveraging quantum resources, anonymous networking can be enhanced to such an extent that even an adversary with control over all network resources cannot trace the message source, achieving perfect untraceability. To provide this untraceable global connectivity, we demonstrate the integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) and terrestrial networks (TNs) for quantum anonymous communication (QAC), highlighting possible architectures and key challenges in these integrated NTN-TN quantum anonymous networks (QANs). To illustrate and benchmark the design of QAC protocols within integrated networks, we present essential quantum protocols such as anonymous conference key agreement (CKA) and anonymous broadcast. In the first case study, we propose a satellite-to-ground quantum anonymous CKA (QA-CKA) protocol and assess the anonymous key exchange rate. This QA-CKA protocol utilizes low Earth orbit satellites to generate anonymous keys among two distinct TN nodes. In the second case study, we develop an air-to-ground quantum anonymous broadcast (QAB) protocol and examine the anonymous broadcast announcement rate. This QAB protocol exploits unmanned aerial vehicles to enable a broadcasting party to transmit classical information anonymously across two distinct TNs. These QAC protocols are simulated with realistic integrated network parameters to provide practical estimates of achievable performance. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions for enabling integrated NTN-TN QANs. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Broadcasting antennas

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An improved and decentralized/distributed healthcare framework for disabled people through AI models

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 125卷 441-448页

作者： Rathee, Geetanjali Garg, Sahil Kaddoum, Georges Alzanin, Samah M. Hassan, Mohammad Mehedi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka Sector-3 New Delhi110078 India Electrical Engineering Department École de technologie supérieure MontréalQC H3C 1K3 Canada Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj11942 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia King Salman Center for Disability Research Riyadh11614 Saudi Arabia

Access to adequate healthcare is critical for everyone, but people with disabilities often face considerable challenges in receiving reliable and timely medical treatment. The Vision 2030 plan in Saudi Arabia intends to change the healthcare system by incorporating new technologies that increase accessibility, efficiency, and service delivery. However, current healthcare systems continue to suffer from delays, inefficient data processing, and accessibility concerns, especially for the visually impaired. This study proposes a more decentralized healthcare system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to improve healthcare services for individuals with disabilities. The system achieves real-time data processing, reduces latency, and enhances decision-making accuracy by combining federated learning and zero-shot architectures. Furthermore, smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and natural language processing (NLP) provide seamless data collection and analysis, allowing healthcare practitioners to provide prompt and personalized treatment. The suggested solution solves crucial issues such as inefficiencies in data processing, delays in obtaining medical information, and limits in current healthcare processes. This platform improves impaired people's freedom and mobility by delivering remote healthcare solutions using AI-powered diagnostics and real-time monitoring. This study contributes to a more inclusive and efficient healthcare system in Saudi Arabia by bridging the gap between technology and accessibility, which aligns with the Vision 2030 objective of providing fair healthcare services to everyone. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Electronic health record

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