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2023 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)

作者： Ahmed Ibnouf Ayman Fadlallah Muaiz Ali Abdelmalek Zidouri Control & Instrumentation Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia Information & Computer Science Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure System King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia

In recent years, the number of car accidents has been gradually increasing. A major factor in this increase is the drowsiness of drivers. There are many image recognition research studies on drowsiness detection but tend to neglect the case of low-light conditions. This paper focuses on detecting drowsy drivers in low-light conditions. In this paper, a behavioralbased drowsy driver detection system (DDDS) was proposed. The proposed DDDS applies a preprocessing algorithm that improves illumination and then focuses on detecting the driver’s face and eyes to calculate eye blink duration. A deep neural network model was used for facial recognition, and Haar Cascade classifiers were used for eyes detection. Every single eye was based to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to predict its state as either ‘‘Open’’ or ‘‘Closed’’. The proposed CNN was developed using a dataset of 1452 samples and gave an accuracy of 97.92% on the testing dataset, 15% of the 1452 samples. Different case scenarios in poor light conditions were implemented to evaluate the proposed DDDS. The system was able to identify the state of the driver even in harsh and severe poor light conditions.

关键词： Deep learning Face recognition Transportation industry Lighting Safety Convolutional neural networks Standards

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Rate-Splitting for Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Performance Analysis and Generative AI Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zheng, Jiakang Zhang, Jiayi Du, Hongyang Zhang, Ruichen Niyato, Dusit Dobre, Octavia A. Ai, Bo The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University Canada The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System China Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) provides a ubiquitous coverage to user equipments (UEs) but it is also susceptible to interference. Rate-splitting (RS) effectively extracts data by decoding interference, yet its effectiveness is limited by the weakest UE. In this paper, we investigate an RS-based CF massive MIMO system, which combines strengths and mitigates weaknesses of both approaches. Considering imperfect channel state information (CSI) resulting from both pilot contamination and noise, we derive a closed-form expression for the sum spectral efficiency (SE) of the RS-based CF massive MIMO system under a spatially correlated Rician channel. Moreover, we propose low-complexity heuristic algorithms based on statistical CSI for power-splitting of common messages and power-control of private messages, and genetic algorithm is adopted as a solution for upper bound performance. Furthermore, we formulate a joint optimization problem, aiming to maximize the sum SE of the RS-based CF massive MIMO system by optimizing the power-splitting factor and power-control coefficient. Importantly, we improve a generative AI (GAI) algorithm to address this complex and non-convexity problem by using a diffusion model to obtain solutions. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality in mitigating interference, especially in dynamic environments. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Mechanical Properties of Glycated Cracked Articular Cartilage Under Uniaxial and Cyclic Tensile Loading

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Gao, Li-Lan Fang, Yi Lin, Xiang-Long Kong, De-Zhao Tan, Yan-Song Li, Rui-Xin Sun, Kai Zhang, Chun-Qiu Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300382 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300382 China Co. Ltd. Tianjin300190 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction Tianjin Stomatological Hospital The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University Tianjin300041 China Orthopaedic of Tianjin First Central Hospital Tianjin300190 China

In clinical diagnosis, diabetes, and arthritis were often considered independent, which leads to diabetics getting worse by ignoring early arthritis symptoms. Therefore, the fatigue damage mechanism of articular cartilage in a hyperglycemic environment must be clarified. Under simulating physiological loads, this study delved into glycated cracked cartilage's fracture toughness and damage mechanism. Moreover, by introducing the glucose concentration as a crucial variable, a constitutive model of the ratcheting behavior of glycated cracked cartilage was established, which is utilized to predict the impacts of glycation on cartilage. The findings of this study revealed that the glycation environment causes cartilage hardening, which, in turn, leads to a substantial 38.1% reduction in the initial strain required for crack extension, despite an enhancement in tensile strength. The study of dynamic mechanical behavior further supported this observation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that this mechanistic change occurs after collagen fibers harden and adhere to one another in the glycation environment. Overall, these results hold significant implications for understanding osteoarthritis (OA) in diabetic patients and for developing and protecting strategies related to this condition. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fracture toughness

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Biomechanical Finite Element Methods Study of a Novel Internal Fixation system for Lumbar Spondylolysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Li, Jingyuan Du, Chengfei Wang, Yulei Du, Di Liang, Jinlong Shao, Nengqi Feng, Fanzhe Xu, Wenhao Xu, Yongqing Cui, Yi Center for Joint Surgery Intelligent Manufacturing and Rehabilitation Engineering Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University Chongqing400038 China Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery Chongqing400038 China Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology Chongqing400038 China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of mechanical engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force Kunming650032 China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 212 of Da-Guan Road Xishan District Kunming650032 China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the biomechanical efficacy of a novel internal fixation system for repairing lumbar spondylolysis (LS). Additionally, the changes in the mechanical performance of the novel internal fixation device during compression were *** healthy 25-year-old male volunteer was recruited for lumbar spine CT data acquisition to construct and validate a nonlinear finite element model of the L4-S1 spinal segment (A). Based on this, models were established for L5 spondylolysis (B), traditional internal fixation (C), and the pressurization process of the novel LS repair device fixation (D→E→F). For these six models, we constrained the lower surface of the S1 vertebral body while applying an axial compression force of 500 N and a moment load of 7.5 N·m on the upper surface of the L4 vertebral body to simulate six motions of the lumbar spine. The performance of each finite element model was evaluated by comparing the range of motion (ROM), maximum displacement, and maximum pressure experienced by the lumbar spine under different motion *** with Model C, Models D, E, and F exhibited a reduced ROM and maximum displacement (1%-38.5%, 12.8%-63.6%, and 32.8%-80.2%) compared with Model C during six different motions. Notably, compared with Model C, the novel internal fixation models consistently demonstrated a decreasing trend in the maximum stress on the intervertebral discs (IVD) and an increasing trend in the maximum stress on the articular cartilage and maximum stress and displacement of the bone graft. Moreover, the novel internal fixation model displayed larger ranges of evenly distributed stresses on the isthmus and reduced maximum stress on the internal fixation device across all six motions, with improved stiffness effects during the pressurization process of the novel internal fixation system (D→E→F).ConclusionsAccording to several mechanical comparisons, the novel internal fixation system had better biomechan

关键词： Axial compression

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Study on Scanning Forming Methods of Machining Work-Piece Surface

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Wang, Xueteng Niu, Xinghua Yu, Zizhao Tianjin Key Laboratory of the Design and Intelligent Control of the Advanced Mechatronical System National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering China School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China

In the process of machine tool cutting, there are strict geometric relations among the cutting edge curve / tool surface, machine tool movement and workpiece surface, and the machine tool movement is also related to the type of tool. Firstly, the forming methods of cutting workpiece surface are analyzed and summarized from the geometric point of view, and the scanning forming method and its geometric expression are studied, and the research technical route of forming turning scanning forming is put forward. Then, the mathematical modeling and Simulation of forming turning are carried out according to the proposed technical route. Finally, taking the groove of the inner ring of the formed turning ball bearing as an example, the mathematical modeling of the design surface of the workpiece and the machined surface of the workpiece is carried out. The radial dimension changes of the workpiece caused by the cutting force and tool wear are analyzed, and the simulation of the machined surface of the workpiece is carried out. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Scanning

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Field of View and Its Design for the Autonomous Driving system of Tram

Field of View and Its Design for the Autonomous Driving Syst...

引用

Information control, Electrical engineering and Rail Transit (ICEERT), International Conference on

作者： Kui Yuan Yonghui Zhu Yingying Wu Xiao Liang Metro Business Division Shanghai Fuxin Intelligent Transportation Solutions Co. Ltd. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Modern Tram Operation Control System Shanghai China

The requirements for the field of view (FoV) of the perception-based autonomous driving system for tram are proposed. The range and composition of the FoV, combined with the specific systematic and controlling characteristics of the rail transit systems, are first analyzed, focusing on the features and applications, then the criteria for designing the FoV for the autonomous driving system for tram can be concluded and further referenced by the designers, manufacturers, operators and researchers of such system.

关键词： Rails Electrical engineering systematics Focusing control systems Autonomous vehicles

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Rigid-flexible and Fluid-structure Coupling Dynamics of Folding Plate

Rigid-flexible and Fluid-structure Coupling Dynamics of Fold...

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第八届国际振动工程会议

作者： Sanya Chen Wenhua Hu Yalu Zhao Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin University of Technology National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology

The variable configuration of the folding wings is beneficial to take into account the maneuverability and endurance of the aircraft. During the flight, the elastic deformation and folding motion of the folding wing will induce additional aerodynamic forces, which will produce new deformation and new aerodynamic forces on the wing structure, and this reciprocal coupling will make the folding wing response may tend to diverge and lead to structural damage. In this paper,the principle of geometric similarity is used to simplify the folding wing into a folding plate and study its rigid-flexible aerodynamic coupling dynamics, which has certain practical significance as well as the theoretical value.

关键词： Rigid-flexible and Fluid-structure Coupling Dynamics of Folding Plate

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Hybrid Vision/Force control for Interaction with the Bottle-like Object

Hybrid Vision/Force Control for Interaction with the Bottle-...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Lijun Han Hesheng Wang Weidong Chen Jingchuan Wang Jianjun Yuan Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Robotics Institute School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai China

This study proposes a hybrid vision/force control scheme for interaction with the inner surface of the bottle-like object. Based on the geometry of the object, a new generalized constraint called the bottleneck (BN) constraint is proposed, which ensures the tool passes through a fixed 3-D region and avoid collisions with the boundary of the region. To realize the hybrid vision/force control under the BN constraint, a novel dynamic controller is designed inspired by the hierarchical operational space, which can complete the different tasks defined in the decoupled subspace. To enhance the robustness of the algorithm, we develop a data-driven method and an adaptive method to estimate the Jacobian matrix online in force space and image space, respectively. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved by the Lyapunov theory. Experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： Jacobian matrices Geometry Heuristic algorithms Robot vision systems Force Aerospace electronics Tools

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A 4-Channel Ultrafast Wavelength-Swept REC-DFB Laser Array for Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation

A 4-Channel Ultrafast Wavelength-Swept REC-DFB Laser Array f...

引用

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP)

作者： Lingxin Meng Pan Dai Qilu Ban Kaichuan Xu Jiacheng Wang Zhen Li Feng Wang Jie Zeng Shaobo Li Xiang Ma Xiangfei Chen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education & Engineering National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Optical Communication Research and Development Center the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang China

We present a four-channel ultrafast wavelength-swept distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser array based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique using instantaneous injection current modulation. With the aid of our designed laser driving circuit system consists of the microcontroller unit (MCU), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and negative metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (n-MOSFETs), the precise pulse driving current for the 4-channel wavelength-swept REC-DFB laser array can be generated and a fast tuning of 16.424 nm within 10 μs is achieved. To further investigate the tuning performance of the proposed wavelength-swept laser source, we then applied it to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system and four FBG temperature sensor arrays were successfully demodulated. The development of high-efficient optical sensing systems heavily relies on the significance of the ultrafast wavelength-swept laser source, which has the potential to greatly enhance FBG interrogator performance in the future.

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NccFlow: Unsupervised learning of optical flow with non-occlusion from geometry

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Guangming Ren, Shuaiqi Wang, Hesheng The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Department of Automation Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Optical flow estimation is a fundamental problem of computer vision and has many applications in the fields of robot learning and autonomous driving. This paper reveals novel geometric laws of optical flow based on the insight and detailed definition of non-occlusion. Then, two novel loss functions are proposed for the unsupervised learning of optical flow based on the geometric laws of non-occlusion. Specifically, after the occlusion part of the images are masked, the flowing process of pixels is carefully considered and geometric constraints are conducted based on the geometric laws of optical flow. First, neighboring pixels in the first frame will not intersect during the pixel displacement to the second frame. Secondly, when the cluster containing adjacent four pixels in the first frame moves to the second frame, no other pixels will flow into the quadrilateral formed by them. According to the two geometrical constraints, the optical flow non-intersection loss and the optical flow non-blocking loss in the non-occlusion regions are proposed. Two loss functions punish the irregular and inexact optical flows in the non-occlusion regions. The experiments on datasets demonstrated that the proposed unsupervised losses of optical flow based on the geometric laws in non-occlusion regions make the estimated optical flow more refined in detail, and improve the performance of unsupervised learning of optical flow. In addition, the experiments training on synthetic data and evaluating on real data show that the generalization ability of optical flow network is improved by our proposed unsupervised approach. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer vision

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