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The effect of oxygen fugacity on ionic conductivity in olivine

Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 76-84页

作者： Hongzhan Fei Tomoo Katsura Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth95447 BayreuthGermany Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100097China

The oxygen fugacity(f_(O2)) may affect the ionic conductivity of olivine under upper mantle conditions because Mg vacancies can be produced in the crystal structure by the oxidization of iron from Fe^(2+) to Fe3+. Here we investigated olivine ionic conductivity at 4 GPa, as a function of temperature, crystallographic orientation, and oxygen fugacity, corresponding to the topmost asthenospheric conditions. The results demonstrate that the ionic conductivity is insensitive to f_(O2) under relatively reduced conditions(f_(O2) below Re-ReO_(2) buffer), whereas it has a clear f_(O2)-dependence under relatively oxidized conditions(f_(O2) around the magnetite-hematite buffer). The ionic conduction in olivine may contribute significantly to the conductivity anomaly in the topmost asthenosphere especially at relatively oxidized conditions.

关键词： Olivine Ionic conductivity Crystal structure Oxygen fugacity Upper mantle

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Corrosion of ancient Chinese bronze fragments from different periods and protective effect of menthol coating

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Corrosion Communications 2023年第4期12卷 46-57页

作者： Tianliang Zhao Lu Zhao Yujun Feng Qun Luo Jiarang Zhong Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels Wuhan University of Science and Technology Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanxi Museum National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloy Chongqing University

Chinese ancient bronze fragments from three periods of history were investigated in terms of the characteristics of substrate and patina. The non-destructive protective effect of menthol coating was verified. Patinas on the fragments of the Spring and Autumn period, Warring State period, and Han Dynasty all contain the major components CuCl2·3Cu（OH）2and Cu2（OH）2CO3. The residual components, some oxides and chlorides of Pb and Sn,show no evident distribution trend in the patinas except PbCl2is segregated beneath the patina of the Han dynasty fragment. Menthol coating shows a consistently protective ability for these patinated fragments. However,its sublimation is strongly affected by ambient temperature and relative humidity（RH）. Menthol coating with an initial thickness of ～500 μm could effectively protect the fragments for 328 h under 23℃ with 54% RH while for only 42 and 2 h respectively under 25℃ with 100% RH and 35℃ with 100% RH.

关键词： Bronze protection Patina Menthol coating Corrosion

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Genetic and neuronal basis for facial emotion perception in humans and macaques

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National science Review 2024年第11期11卷 76-86页

作者： Li Wang Bo Zhang Xiqian Lu Ruidi Wang Jian Ma Yujie Chen Yuan Zhou Ji Dai Yi Jiang State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Science Zunyi Medical University CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The ability to rapidly recognize basic facial emotions(e.g. fear) is crucial for social interactions and adaptive functioning. To date, the origin of facial-emotion-recognition ability remains equivocal. Using a classical twin design in humans, we found a clear dissection of low and high spatial frequencies(LSF and HSF) in facial emotion perception: whereas genetic factors contributed to individual variation in LSF processing,HSF processing is largely shaped by environmental effects. Furthermore, the ability to recognize facial emotions of LSF content genetically correlated with the function of the amygdala. Crucially, single-unit recording of the amygdala in macaques further revealed the dissociation between LSF and HSF processing in facial emotion perception, indicating the existence of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. This cross-species study enhances insights into the neurobiological dual-route model(subcortical vs. cortical) of emotion perception and illuminates the origin and the functional development of the emotional brain in primates.

关键词： facial emotion recognition behavioral genetics twin study spatial frequency amygdala

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Large-scale heterogeneous synthesis of monodisperse high performance colloidal CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals

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Fundamental research 2024年第5期4卷 1137-1146页

作者： Weinan Xue Xin Zhang Wei Zhu Xue Zhang Wei Wang Linwei Peng Xiang Ma Yan Li Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(LHP NCs)are promising semiconductor materials for optoelectronic devices,but the high ionicity of LHP NCs makes their crystallization control and post-treatment ***,phosphonic acids(PAs)are employed as ligands to design a solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction system to regulate the LHP NC crystallization and achieve the desired focusing *** the heterogeneous synthesis,the precursors in the liquid phase are responsible for the burst nucleation and initial growth of ***,the focusing growth of NCs is supported by the precursors released from the solid *** addition,the strong binding ability of PAs enables effective passivation of LHP *** post-treatment,gram-scale monodisperse CsPbBr_(3)NCs having photoluminescence with a full width at half-maximum of 18 nm and a quantum yield of near-unity are *** CsPbBr_(3)NCs covered by a compact ligand layer keep initial quantum yield even after 18 cycles of purification,exhibiting excellent stability against polar solvents,ultraviolet irradiation and heat *** scintillators,the prepared CsPbBr_(3)NCs show strong radioluminescence emission and high-resolution X-ray imaging.

关键词： Perovskite nanocrystals Heterogeneous synthesis High monodispersity Unity photoluminescence quantum yield Scintillator

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Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells with vacuum-assisted low-temperature annealed SnO2 electron transport layer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 1-7页

作者： Xiaoguo Li Zejiao Shi Fatemeh Behrouznejad Mohammad Hatamvand Xin Zhang Yaxin Wang Fengcai Liu Haoliang Wang Kai Liu Hongliang Dong Farhan Mudasar Jiao Wang Anran Yu Yiqiang Zhan Center for Micro Nano Systems School of Information Science and Technology(SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Academy for Engineering&Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research PudongShanghai 201203China

The demand for lightweight, flexible, and high-performance portable power sources urgently requires high-efficiency and stable flexible solar cells. In the case of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), most of the common electron transport layer(ETL) needs to be annealed for improving the optoelectronic properties,while conventional flexible substrates could barely stand the high temperature. Herein, a vacuumassisted annealing SnO_(2) ETL at low temperature(100℃) is utilized in flexible PSCs and achieved high efficiency of 20.14%. Meanwhile, the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) increases from 1.07 V to 1.14 V. The flexible PSCs also show robust bending stability with 86.8% of the initial efficiency is retained after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 5 mm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and contact angle measurements show that the density of oxygen vacancies, the surface roughness of the SnO_(2) layer, and film hydrophobicity are significantly increased, respectively. These improvements could be due to the oxygen-deficient environment in a vacuum chamber, and the rapid evaporation of solvents. The proposed vacuum-assisted low-temperature annealing method not only improves the efficiency of flexible PSCs but is also compatible and promising in the large-scale commercialization of flexible PSCs.

关键词： Flexible perovskite solar cells Vacuum-assisted Electron transport layer Trap-assisted recombination

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Engineering the Interface Between Au Nanoparticles and CoO-Ov to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to 2,5-Dimethylfuran(DMF)

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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 2024年第1期40卷 47-54页

作者： XIANG Shuang GUO Yong LIU Xiaohui WANG Yanqin Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterResearch Institute of Industrial CatalysisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P.R.China

The interface between Au and support has attracted extensive interest because of its unique catalytic ability for hydrogen activation in catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis ***,we create the Au-CoO-OV interface in the 1.0%Au/Co3O4-Rod-250 catalyst,which could dissociate H2 via the heterolytic way to yield rich hydride species and achieve excellent catalytic performance in the hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to 2,5-dimethylfuran(DMF).The XRD and HRTEM analyses show that Au nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on CoO-OV surface and in situ DRIFTS spectra show the enhancement of heterolytic dissociation of hydrogen(signals of Au-D and O-D vibration)compared with bare CoO(Co3O4-Rod-250).This work provides insights for fabricating highly active Au-support catalysts for catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions.

关键词： Au-CoO-OV interface Hydride species Heterolytic dissociation 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) 2 5-Dimethylfuran(DMF)

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Control of dislocation density maximizing precipitation strengthening effect

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2022年第32期127卷 133-143页

作者： C.Xu W.J.Dai Y.Chen Z.X.Qi G.Zheng Y.D.Cao J.P.Zhang C.C.Bu G.Chen MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Internetallic Materials Technology Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and DesignMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

The strength-ductility trade-off has been the most challenging problem for structural metals for *** strengthening is an ideal approach to enhance the strength without significantly sacrificing the *** nanoprecipitates have been successfully acquired by nanostructural design,but the number density of nanoprecipitates cannot be further *** attempted to enhance number density by introducing highly potent nucleation sites(e.g.,dislocations).However,there remains controversy over the influence of dislocations on the nucleation and growth of coherent nanoprecipitates with minimized nucleation ***,Cu-rich nanoprecipitates in an HSLA steel,as a typical type of coherent nanoprecipitates,are *** combining analytical calculation and experiments,we show that dislocations are harmful for the formation of large numbered Cu-rich nanoprecipitates in a certain density *** dislocations deprive solute atoms which decrease homogenous precipitation that cannot be compensated by the increase in heterogeneous *** such circumstance,Cu-rich nanoprecipitates have smaller number density but larger size and higher fraction of incoherent structures due to rapid Ostwald *** a result,by controlling dislocation density,the yield strength is increased by 24%without obvious loss in ductility as compared with traditional solution-quench-age *** work would help to optimize composition and processing routes that fully exploit the nanoprecipitation strengthening effect.

关键词： Cu-rich nanoprecipitates Crystallographic defects Nucleation Structural transformation Ostwald ripening

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Ultrafine Co nanoparticles confined in nitrogen-doped carbon toward two-electron oxygen reduction reaction for H_(2)O_(2) electrosynthesis in acidic media

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第11期34卷 263-268页

作者： Xiaoqing Cui Lijie Zhong Xu Zhao Jingxin Xie Dequan He Xin Yang Kanglong Lin Huan Wang Li Niu Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials&Devices Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials&DevicesCenter for Advanced Analytical ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Civil EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR)under acidic condition has been considered to have great application *** nanoparticles(CoNPs)coupled with N-doped carbon are a class of potential *** effective strategies to further enhance their performances are to improve the active sites and ***,the material containing ultrafine CoNPs confined in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix(NC@CoNPs)was synthesized by pyrolyzing corresponding precursors,which was obtained through regulating the topological structure of ZIF-67/ZIF-8 with dopamine(DA).The DA self-polymerization process induced the formation of CoNPs with smaller sizes and formed polydopamine film decreased the detachment of CoNPs from the *** density of Co-N_(x) active sites and defective sites could be identified on NC@CoNPs,leading to high activity and H_(2)O_(2) selectivity,with an onset potential of 0.57 V(***)and∼90%selectivity in a wide potential *** on-site electrochemical removal of organic pollutant was achieved rapidly through an electro-Fenton process,demonstrating its great promise for on-site water treatment application.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction H_(2)O_(2)production Confined Co nanoparticles Electrocatalysis Acidic media

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Fragmentation dynamics of electron-impact double ionization of helium

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 9-15页

作者：刘士炜叶地发刘杰 Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Graduate School China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100193China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

We study the double ionization dynamics of a helium atom impacted by electrons with full-dimensional classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulation. The excess energy is chosen to cover a wide range of values from 5 e V to 1 ke V for comparative study. At the lowest excess energy, i.e., close to the double-ionization threshold, it is found that the projectile momentum is totally transferred to the recoil-ion while the residual energy is randomly partitioned among the three outgoing electrons, which are then most probably emitted with an equilateral triangle configuration. Our results agree well with experiments as compared with early quantum-mechanical calculation as well as classical simulation based on a two-dimensional Bohr's model. Furthermore, by mapping the final momentum vectors event by event into a Dalitz plot,we unambiguously demonstrate that the ergodicity has been reached and thus confirm a long-term scenario conceived by Wannier. The time scale for such few-body thermalization, from the initial nonequilibrium state to the final microcanonical distribution, is only about 100 attoseconds. Finally, we predict that, with the increase of the excess energy, the dominant emission configuration undergoes a transition from equilateral triangle to T-shape and finally to a co-linear mode. The associated signatures of such configuration transition in the electron–ion joint momentum spectrum and triple-electron angular distribution are also demonstrated.

关键词： double ionization classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulation Wannier threshold law ergodicity

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Exploration of structure sensitivity of gold nanoparticles in low-temperature CO oxidation

Industrial Chemistry & Materials

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2024年第2期2卷 321-327页

作者： Lei Ying Yu Han Beien Zhu Yi Gao Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science&Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China

Gold nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit remarkable catalytic activity in low-temperature CO oxidation and their performance is highly dependent on size and ***,the underlying mechanism isn't fully understood ***,we combine density functional theory calculations,a multiscale structure reconstruction model,and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the activity and structure sensitivity of Au NPs under different reaction *** results indicate that increasing the partial pressure ratio of O_(2) to CO leads to the decrease of optimal reaction temperature accompanied with the increase of *** low temperatures,the morphology of the NPs evolves to expose a higher proportion of(110)facets to promote the activity ***,the size dependence analysis suggests that O_(2)-rich conditions are favorable for small-sized NPs,while CO-rich conditions favor the large-sized *** findings not only enrich our basic understanding of the structure–reactivity relationship and the origin of structure sensitivity in gold-catalysis,but provide a guide for rational design of Au catalysts.

关键词： Kinetic Monte Carlo CO oxidation Gold catalysis Nanoparticles

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