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Multi-modal signal integration for enhanced sleep stage classification: Leveraging EOG and 2-channel EEG data with advanced feature extraction

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Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2025年 166卷 103152-103152页

作者： Samaee, Mahdi Yazdi, Mehran Massicotte, Daniel Signal and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Laboratory of Signal and System Integration Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières Canada

This paper introduces an innovative approach to sleep stage classification, leveraging a multi-modal signal integration framework encompassing Electrooculography (EOG) and two-channel electroencephalography (EEG) data. We explore the utility of various feature extraction techniques, including Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Wavelet Transform, and raw signal processing, alongside the utilization of neural networks as feature extractors. This unique combination allows us to harness the benefits of traditional feature extraction methods while capitalizing on the power of neural networks to enhance classification performance. Our comprehensive classifier evaluation encompasses a range of models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and XGBoost. Remarkably, our results reveal exceptional performance with the XGBoost classifier, achieving an overall accuracy of 84.57 % and a macro-F1 score of 78.21 % on the Sleep-EDF expanded dataset, and an overall accuracy of 86.02 % and a macro-F1 score of 81.96 % on the ISRUC-Sleep dataset. Class-specific accuracies highlight its proficiency, particularly in detecting wake and N2 stages, solidifying its superiority among the classifiers tested. This amalgamation of feature sets, complemented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, underscores its significance in yielding top-tier classification outcomes. The integration of traditional feature extraction methods with neural networks as feature extractors creates a robust and comprehensive system for sleep stage classification, offering the advantages of both approaches to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the results. © 2025

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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Are Objective Explanatory Evaluation Metrics Trustworthy? An Adversarial Analysis

Are Objective Explanatory Evaluation Metrics Trustworthy? An...

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： Prithwijit Chowdhury Mohit Prabhushankar Ghassan AlRegib Mohamed Deriche School of Electrical and Computer Engineering OLIVES at the Center for Signal and Information Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA Ajman University United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9798350349399

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349405

Explainable AI (XAI) has revolutionized the field of deep learning by empowering users to have more trust in neural network models. The field of XAI allows users to probe the inner workings of these algorithms to elucidate their decision-making processes. The rise in popularity of XAI has led to the advent of different strategies to produce explanations, all of which only occasionally agree. Thus several objective evaluation metrics have been devised to decide which of these modules give the best explanation for specific scenarios. The goal of the paper is twofold: (i) we employ the notions of necessity and sufficiency from causal literature to come up with a novel explanatory technique called SHifted Adversaries using Pixel Elimination(SHAPE) which satisfies all the theoretical and mathematical criteria of being a valid explanation, (ii) we show that SHAPE is, infact, an adversarial explanation that fools causal metrics that are employed to measure the robustness and reliability of popular importance based visual XAI methods. Our analysis shows that SHAPE outperforms popular explanatory techniques like GradCAM and GradCAM++ in these tests and is comparable to RISE, raising questions about the sanity of these metrics and the need for human involvement for an overall better evaluation.

关键词： Measurement Visualization Shape Shape measurement Neural networks Reliability theory Predictive models

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Machine learning predicts long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction using systolic time intervals and routinely collected clinical data

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 170-176页

作者： Bijan Roudini Boshra Khajehpiri Hamid Abrishami Moghaddam Mohamad Forouzanfar Department of Systems Engineering School of Advanced TechnologyUniversity of QuebecMontrealCanada Machine Vision and Medical Image Processing(MVMIP)Laboratory Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran Research Center of the Montreal University Institute of Geriatrics MontrealCanada

Background Precise estimation of current and future comorbidities of patients with cardiovascular disease is an important factor in prioritizing continuous physiological monitoring and new *** learning(ML)models have shown satisfactory performance in short-term mortality prediction in patients with heart disease,whereas their utility in long-term predictions is *** study aimed to investigate the performance of tree-based ML models on long-term mortality prediction and effect of two recently introduced biomarkers on long-term *** This study used publicly available data from the Collaboration center of Health Information Appli-cation at the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Taiwan,*** collected data were from patients admitted to the cardiac care unit for acute myocardial infarction(AMI)between November 2003 and September *** collected and analyzed mortality data up to December *** records were used to gather demo-graphic and clinical data,including age,gender,body mass index,percutaneous coronary intervention status,and comorbidities such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial *** the data,collected from 139 patients with AMI,from medical and demographic records as well as two recently introduced biomarkers,brachial pre-ejection period(bPEP)and brachial ejection time(bET),we investigated the performance of advanced ensemble tree-based ML algorithms(random forest,AdaBoost,and XGBoost)to predict all-cause mortality within 14 years.A nested cross-validation was performed to evaluate and compare the performance of our developed models precisely with that of the conventional logistic regression(LR)as the baseline *** The developed ML models achieved significantly better performance compared to the baseline LR(C-Statistic,0.80 for random forest,0.79 for AdaBoost,and 0.78 for XGBoost,vs.0.77 for LR)(PRF<0.001,PAdaBoost<0.001,a

关键词： Electrocardiogram Predication Mortality prediction Machine learning

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Learning Trajectory-Conditioned Relations to Predict Pedestrian Crossing Behavior

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Chen AlRegib, Ghassan Parchami, Armin Singh, Kunjan OLIVES The Center for Signal and Information Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Ford Motor Company DearbornMI United States

In smart transportation, intelligent systems avoid potential collisions by predicting the intent of traffic agents, especially pedestrians. Pedestrian intent, defined as future action, e.g., start crossing, can be dependent on traffic surroundings. In this paper, we develop a framework to incorporate such dependency given observed pedestrian trajectory and scene frames. Our framework first encodes regional joint information between a pedestrian and surroundings over time into feature-map vectors. The global relation representations are then extracted from pairwise feature-map vectors to estimate intent with past trajectory condition. We evaluate our approach on two public datasets and compare against two state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental results demonstrate that our method helps to inform potential risks during crossing events with 0.04 improvement in F1-score on JAAD dataset and 0.01 improvement in recall on PIE dataset. Furthermore, we conduct ablation experiments to confirm the contribution of the relation extraction in our framework. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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FORGETFUL ACTIVE LEARNING WITH SWITCH EVENTS: EFFICIENT SAMPLING FOR OUT-OF-DISTRIBUTION DATA

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Benkert, Ryan Prabhushankar, Mohit AlRegib, Ghassan OLIVES The Center for Signal and Information Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States

This paper considers deep out-of-distribution active learning. In practice, fully trained neural networks interact randomly with out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs and map aberrant samples randomly within the model representation space. Since data representations are direct manifestations of the training distribution, the data selection process plays a crucial role in outlier robustness. For paradigms such as active learning, this is especially challenging since protocols must not only improve performance on the training distribution most effectively but further render a robust representation space. However, existing strategies directly base the data selection on the data representation of the unlabeled data which is random for OOD samples by definition. For this purpose, we introduce forgetful active learning with switch events (FALSE)-a novel active learning protocol for out-of-distribution active learning. Instead of defining sample importance on the data representation directly, we formulate"informativeness" with learning difficulty during training. Specifically, we approximate how often the network "forgets" unlabeled samples and query the most "forgotten" samples for annotation. We report up to 4.5% accuracy improvements in over 270 experiments, including four commonly used protocols, two OOD benchmarks, one in-distribution benchmark, and three different architectures. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Network architecture

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ARE OBJECTIVE EXPLANATORY EVALUATION METRICS TRUSTWORTHY? AN ADVERSARIAL ANALYSIS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chowdhury, Prithwijit Prabhushankar, Mohit AlRegib, Ghassan Deriche, Mohamed OLIVES at the Center for Signal and Information Processing Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ajman University United Arab Emirates

关键词： Deep learning

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Efficient Fault Detection in Nonlinear Industrial Process: A Reduced Kernel PCA-Based Spectral Clustering Approach

Efficient Fault Detection in Nonlinear Industrial Process: A...

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Artificial Intelligence, Applications, Innovation and Ethics (AI2E), International Conference for

作者： Khadija Attouri Majdi Mansouri Mansour Hajji Kais Bouzrara Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologies Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Kasserine Kairouan University Tunisia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Research Laboratory of Automation Signal Processing and Image National Engineering School of Monastir Tunisia

ISBN: (数字)9798331513733

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513740

The challenges posed by nonlinearities in industrial systems necessitate innovative techniques that outperform the limitations of traditional methods such as principal component analysis (PCA). While Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) offers a robust solution to handle nonlinear data, its computational requirements are a significant issue, especially for large-sized datasets. In this work, we propose a novel technique, namely, reduced kernel principal component analysis-based spectral clustering (RKPCA SpC ), to monitor and detect faults in the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process. The suggested approach addresses the complexity associated with KPCA by reducing data size during the model training phase. This reduction involves retaining only the principal components, preserving informative features, and selecting pertinent samples without compromising the original data's content. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated through key performance metrics, including false alarm rate (FAR), missed detection rate (MDR), detection time delay (DTD), and computation time (CT). Additionally, gained execution time (GET), gained storage space (GSP), and loss function (LF) are considered, providing a comprehensive assessment of the developed paradigms' effectiveness. The results demonstrate the promising capabilities of our proposed scheme.

关键词： Training Measurement Technological innovation Fault detection Delay effects Computational modeling Complexity theory Kernel Monitoring Principal component analysis

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Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting-Based Kernel Ridge Regression

Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting-Based Kernel Ridge...

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Artificial Intelligence, Applications, Innovation and Ethics (AI2E), International Conference for

作者： Manel Marweni Majdi Mansouri Mansour Hajji Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni Research Laboratory of Automation Signal Processing and Image National Engineering School of Monastir Tunisia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologies Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Kasserine Kairouan University Kasserine Tunisia

ISBN: (数字)9798331513733

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513740

The modern energy landscape is undergoing a seismic change from traditional, finite energy sources and toward cleaner, renewable alternatives. The restrictions faced by traditional sources, which are not only finite but increasingly shrink in the face of burgeoning global energy demands driven by population increase and industrial expansion, are driving this change. Although promising, renewable energy poses complications, particularly the reliance on climatic conditions. An important aspect of addressing these difficulties is effective energy management within distribution systems, which includes forecasting and optimization phases. This research focuses on forecasting using an advanced machine learning (ML) approach. Accurately forecasting renewable energy generation over time is critical for improving energy management. This technique is evaluated using a variety of performance indicators, including Mean Error (ME), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R 2 ). Empirical studies support the method's usefulness, demonstrating noteworthy performance with low error rates.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems Renewable energy sources Technological innovation Accuracy Machine learning Predictive models Forecasting Kernel Energy management Optimization

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FOCAL: A Cost-Aware Video Dataset for Active Learning

FOCAL: A Cost-Aware Video Dataset for Active Learning

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Kiran Kokilepersaud Yash-Yee Logan Ryan Benkert Chen Zhou Mohit Prabhushankar Ghassan AlRegib Enrique Corona Kunjan Singh Mostafa Parchami OLIVES at the Center for Signal and Information Processing CSIP School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan

In this paper, we introduce the FOCAL (Ford-OLIVES Collaboration on Active Learning) dataset which enables the study of the impact of annotation-cost within a video active learning setting. Annotation-cost refers to the time it takes an annotator to label and quality-assure a given video sequence. A practical motivation for active learning research is to minimize annotation-cost by selectively labeling informative samples that will maximize performance within a given budget constraint. However, previous work in video active learning lacks real-time annotation labels for accurately assessing cost minimization and instead operates under the assumption that annotation-cost scales linearly with the amount of data to annotate. This assumption does not take into account a variety of real-world confounding factors that contribute to a nonlinear cost such as the effect of an assistive labeling tool and the variety of interactions within a scene such as occluded objects, weather, and motion of objects. FOChL addresses this discrepancy by providing real annotation-cost labels for 126 video sequences across 69 unique city scenes with a variety of weather, lighting, and seasonal conditions. These videos have a wide range of interactions that are at the intersection of infrastructure-assisted autonomy and autonomous vehicle communities. We show through a statistical analysis of the FOChL dataset that cost is more correlated with a variety of factors beyond just the length of a video sequence. We also introduce a set of conformal active learning algorithms that take advantage of the sequential structure of video data in order to achieve a better trade-off between annotation-cost and performance while also reducing floating point operations (FLOPS) overhead by at least 77.67%. We show how these approaches better reflect how annotations on videos are done in practice through a sequence selection framework. We further demonstrate the advantage of these approaches by introducing two

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Enhancing Fault Diagnosis of Uncertain Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems using Deep GRU-based Bayesian optimization

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第4期58卷 449-454页

作者： Zahra Yahyaoui Mansour Hajji Majdi Mansouri Abdelmalek Kouadri Kais Bouzrara Hazem Nounou Research Unit Advanced Materials and Nanotechnologies Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Kasserine Kairouan University Kasserine 1200 Tunisia Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Signals and Systems Laboratory Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University M Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes Boumerdes Algeria Laboratory of Automatic Signal and Image Processing National Engineering School of Monastir Tunisia

The efficacy of photovoltaic systems is significantly impacted by electrical production losses attributed to faults. Ensuring the rapid and cost-effective restoration of system efficiency necessitates robust fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) procedures. This study introduces a novel interval-gated recurrent unit (I-GRU) based Bayesian optimization framework for FDD in grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems. The utilization of an interval-valued representation is proposed to address uncertainties inherent in the systems, the GRU is employed for fault classification, while the Bayesian algorithm optimizes its hyperparameters. Addressing uncertainties through the proposed approach enhances monitoring capabilities, mitigating computational and storage costs associated with sensor uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for FDD in GCPV systems is demonstrated using experimental application.

关键词： Bayesian optimization fault detection fault diagnosis gated recurrent units grid-connected PV systems interval-data representation uncertainties

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