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Surface integration modulated low-temperature synthesis for high-quality halide perovskite single crystals

Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Zeng, Shengqiao Xue, Bin Zhang, Bin Yang, Bin Xie, Xiangfan Hao, Chuanyun Wang, Xingzhu Qian, Lihua Petrov, Andrey A. Niu, Guangda Choy, Wallace C.H. Xiao, Shuang and College of Engineering Physics Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Shenzhen518118 China Engineering and Research Center for Integrated New Energy Photovoltaics & Energy Storage Systems of Hunan Province and School of Electrical Engineering University of South China Hunan Hengyang421001 China College of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Faculty of Materials Science Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen518172 China Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics Faculty of Materials Science Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow119991 Russia Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen Guangdong Shenzhen518052 China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong

Advancements in optoelectronic devices are largely contingent on the availability of superior-quality semiconductor materials, such as halide perovskites. However, quickly producing halide perovskite single crystals (SCs) often leads to compromised material properties hindering high-end applications. To address this challenge, we developed a refined crystal growth methodology, low-temperature inverse temperature crystallization (LITC), tailored to enhance the quality of perovskite SCs while maintaining a relatively fast growth rate. Taking the synthesis of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) SCs as a model, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was introduced into the precursors as an additive. The affinity of IPA for the crystal surface enables a modulated surface integration process and simultaneously impacts the charge of colloids within the precursor solutions to suppress undesirable nucleation. Thereafter, MAPbBr3 SCs can successfully grow under near-equilibrium conditions from 44 °C to 48 °C. Notably, a narrow full width at half maximum of 0.012° in the rocking curve of high-resolution X-ray diffraction was achieved, outperforming most inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) methods for SC synthesis. X-ray detectors fabricated with LITC SCs exhibited markedly improved performances. With meticulous surface integration control, this work advances the synthesis of high-quality perovskite SCs and paves the way for elevating the performance and durability of optoelectronic devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Single crystals

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Nonsaturated large magnetoresistance and transport dynamics in a n-doped cryogenic WSe2 field-effect device

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Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 125307-125307页

作者： Wei-Chen Lin Ching-Chen Yeh Jia-Zhu Zou Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan Inayat Uddin Hai Yen Le Thi Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Gil-Ho Kim Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 164 Republic of Korea Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan

Interest in the two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) continues to intensify, driven by their suitable band gaps to supplant silicon as next-generation semiconductor materials. Among various TMDs, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is renowned for its superior electrical properties in carrier density and mobility under ambient conditions. Despite its notable attributes, the behavior of monolayer WSe2 in the electron-doped regime under cryogenic conditions remains largely uncharted, particularly concerning its magnetotransport properties. In this study, we reveal the transport mechanisms of monolayer WSe2 from high temperatures down to the cryogenic regime. As evident by Efros–Shklovskii variable-range hopping (E-S VRH) in the cryogenic regime, strong Coulomb interactions arise between electrons. Above 8 K, an uncommon nonsaturated quadratic large magnetoresistance (MR) can be explained by the wave-function shrinkage model, which is consistent with the E-S VRH transport mechanism. Notably, the nonsaturated quadratic large MR shows a magnitude up to 1740% at 13 T. These findings underscore the potential applications for monolayer WSe2 in cryogenic field-effect devices, magnetic sensors, and memory devices and mark a significant advance in magnetotransport research.

关键词： Monolayers

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Symmetry in linear physical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： van der Schaft, Arjan Sepulchre, Rodolphe Chaffey, Thomas Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control University of Groningen PO Box 407 9700 AK Netherlands KU Leuven Belgium University of Cambridge United Kingdom School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sydney Australia

Physical systems with symmetry arise abundantly in applications, and are endowed with interesting mathematical structures. The present paper focusses on linear reciprocal and input-output Hamiltonian systems. Their characterization is studied from an input-output as well as from a state point of view. Geometrically, it turns out that they both define Lagrangian subspaces with corresponding generating functionals. Furthermore, the relations with time reversibility are analyzed. The system classes under consideration are expected to admit scalable control laws, and to be important building blocks in design. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Over-the-air Wireless Federated Learning Model for Generative AI

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Zheng, Jie Niyato, Dusit Zhang, Haijun Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Northwest University State-Province Joint Engineering and Research Center of Advanced Networking and Intelligent Information Services School of Information Science and Technology Shaanxi 710127 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore639798 Singapore University of Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beijing100083 China University of Hong Kong Department of electrical and electronic engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong Guangdong University of Technology Automation of School Guangzhou510006 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies represent an important advancement in the field of AI, particularly for their capabilities in text and image generation. Over-the-air wireless federated learning (OA-WFL) can utilize the wireless waveform superposition property to achieve efficient model aggregation, thereby providing support for GenAI training and deployment. Therefore, this article investigates the support of OA-WFL for GenAI, focusing on potential applications and specific examples. We first discuss the OA-WFL and GenAI models, emphasizing their functionalities and the potential benefits arising from their interaction. We then explore its application in various GenAI scenarios, including large-scale edge device content generation, efficient distributed training of GenAI models, and reduction of bandwidth requirements and device load. Next, a framework is proposed to apply OA-WFL to diffusion models, such as those used in image generation, and validate its effectiveness through simulation results. Finally, we discuss prospective research directions for the application of OA-WFL for GenAI. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Complex adaptive systems science in the era of global sustainability crisis

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Geography and Sustainability 2025年第1期6卷 14-24页

作者： Li An B.L.Turner II Jianguo Liu Volker Grimm Qi Zhang Zhangyang Wang Ruihong Huang College of Forestry Wildlifeand EnvironmentAuburn University602 Duncan DriveAuburnAL 36849USA International Center for Climate and Global Change Research Auburn University602 Duncan DriveAuburnAL 36849USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning&School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityPO Box 875302TempeAZ 85287-5302USA Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823-5243USA Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Ecological ModellingPermoserstr.1504318 LeipzigGermany Department of Geography and Environment University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

A significant number and range of challenges besetting sustainability can be traced to the actions and inter actions of multiple autonomous agents(people mostly)and the entities they create(e.g.,institutions,policies,social network)in the corresponding social-environmental systems(SES).To address these challenges,we need to understand decisions made and actions taken by agents,the outcomes of their actions,including the feedbacks on the corresponding agents and *** science of complex adaptive systems-complex adaptive sys tems(CAS)science-has a significant potential to handle such *** address the advantages of CAS science for sustainability by identifying the key elements and challenges in sustainability science,the generic features of CAS,and the key advances and challenges in modeling *** intelligence and data science combined with agent-based modeling promise to improve understanding of agents’behaviors,detect SES struc tures,and formulate SES mechanisms.

关键词： Social-environmental systems Complex adaptive systems Sustainability science Agent-based models Artificial intelligence Data science

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Sensing With Random Communication Signals

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Shihang Liu, Fan Xiong, Yifeng Du, Zhen Cui, Yuanhao Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Yang, Jie Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technical University of Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security and also The Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China

Communication-centric Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a promising methodology to implement wireless sensing functionality over existing network architectures, due to its cost-effectiveness and backward compatibility to legacy cellular systems. However, the inherent randomness of the communication signal may incur huge fluctuations in sensing capabilities, leading to unfavorable detection and estimation performance. To address this issue, we elaborate on random ISAC signal processing methods in this article, aiming at improving the sensing performance without unduly deteriorating the communication functionality. Specifically, we commence by discussing the fundamentals of sensing with random communication signals, including the performance metrics and optimal ranging waveforms. Building on these concepts, we then present a general framework for random ISAC signal transmission, followed by an in-depth exploration of time-domain pulse shaping, frequency-domain constellation shaping, and spatial-domain precoding methods. We provide a comprehensive overview of each of these topics, including models, results, and design guidelines. Finally, we conclude this article by identifying several promising research directions for random ISAC signal transmission. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Signaling

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Switching Multiplicative Watermark Design Against Covert Attacks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gallo, Alexander J. Anand, Sribalaji C. Teixeira, Andre M.H. Ferrari, Riccardo M.G. Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Information Technology Uppsala University PO Box 337 UppsalaSE-75105 Sweden Delft Center for Systems and Control Mechanical Engineering TU Delft Delft Netherlands

Active techniques have been introduced to give better detectability performance for cyber-attack diagnosis in cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, switching multiplicative watermarking is considered, whereby we propose an optimal design strategy to define switching filter parameters. Optimality is evaluated exploiting the so-called output-to-output gain of the closed loop system, including some supposed attack dynamics. A worst-case scenario of a matched covert attack is assumed, presuming that an attacker with full knowledge of the closed-loop system injects a stealthy attack of bounded energy. Our algorithm, given watermark filter parameters at some time instant, provides optimal next-step parameters. Analysis of the algorithm is given, demonstrating its features, and demonstrating that through initialization of certain parameters outside of the algorithm, the parameters of the multiplicative watermarking can be randomized. Simulation shows how, by adopting our method for parameter design, the attacker’s impact on performance diminishes. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Networked control systems

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Unavoidable multilevel biaxial symmetry breaking in chiral hybrid liquid crystals

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Physical Review E 2025年第4期111卷 045410-045410页

作者： Jin-Sheng Wu Marina Torres Lázaro Souvik Ghosh Haridas Mundoor Henricus H. Wensink Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Laboratoire de Physique des Solides–UMR 8502 Université Paris-Saclay and CNRS 91405 Orsay France International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Chiral nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) are fluid mesophases with long-ranged orientational order featuring a quasilayered periodicity imparted by a helical director configuration but lacking long-range positional order. Doping molecular cholesteric LCs with strongly anisotropic uniaxial colloidal particles adds another level of complexity because of the interplay between weak surface-anchoring boundary conditions and bulk-based elastic distortions near the particle-LC interface. Using cylindrical colloidal disks and rods with different geometric shapes and surface conditions, we demonstrate that these colloidal inclusions generically exhibit biaxial orientational probability distributions which may impart anomalously strong local biaxiality onto the hybrid cholesteric LC structure. Unlike nonchiral hybrid molecular-colloidal LCs, where biaxial order emerges only at critical colloid volume fractions exceeding some uniaxial-biaxial transition value, the orientational probability of the colloidal inclusions immersed in chiral nematic hosts is unambiguously biaxial even at infinite dilution. We demonstrate that the colloids induce local biaxial perturbations within the molecular orientational order of the LC host medium which strongly enhances the weak but native biaxial order of chiral nematic LC induced by the chiral symmetry breaking of the director field. With the help of analytical modeling and computer simulations based on the Landau–de Gennes free energy of the host LC around the colloids, we rationalize the observed multilevel biaxial order and conclude that it is not only unavoidable but also strongly enhanced compared to both achiral hybrid LCs and purely molecular cholesteric LCs.

关键词： Cholesteric liquid crystals

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Robust Charging Solutions for 400V EV Batteries: Implementing a Quasi Single-Stage Current-Fed Resonant Converter

Robust Charging Solutions for 400V EV Batteries: Implementin...

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IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)

作者： Muhammad Furqan Waqar Uddin Kamran Zeb Muhammad Ashar Ayaz Irfan Khan Muhammad Khalid School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia IRC-SES KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engneering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA Electrical Engineering Department KFUPM and IRC-SES KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331541125

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541132

This work presents a high-performance AC-DC quasi single-stage current-fed resonant converter based electric vehicles (EVs) charger. A non-linear control technique is applied which has two main objectives i.e; Power factor correction (PFC) and regulation of DC output voltage. For this purpose, super twisting sliding mode control (ST-SMC) is suggested in this study for 400V batteries of EVs. To reduce switching losses and improve efficiency, the secondary side switch shows turn OFF with zero voltage switching (ZVS) while the primary ones exhibit ZVS at turn ON instant. Hardware-in-loop (HIL) experimental validation based on the Delfino F28369D dual-core microcontroller is used to verify the performance of the controller and converter simulated on PSIM and MATLAB/Simulink.

关键词： Microcontrollers Switching loss Switches Resonant converters Zero voltage switching Regulation Batteries Safety Voltage control Sliding mode control

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Change in Magnetic Order in NiPS3 Single Crystals Induced by a Molecular Intercalation

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Chemistry of Materials 2025年第10期37卷 3594-3607页

作者： Chakraborty, Nirman Harchol, Adi Arnold, Beatriz Costa Sharma, Kusha Prabhu Gaonkar, Diksha Abu-Hariri, Azhar Yadav, Rajesh Kumar Dawod, Muhamed Eyal, Anna Amouyal, Yaron Brumme, Thomas Heine, Thomas Naveh, Doron Lifshitz, Efrat Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Solid State Institute Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Grand Program for Energy and the Helen Diller Quantum Center Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr. 400 Dresden01328 Germany Center for Advanced Systems Understanding CASUS Untermarkt 20 Gorlitz02826 Germany Faculty of Engineering Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan5290002 Israel Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan5290002 Israel Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Physics Technion Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Theoretical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 Dresden01069 Germany Yonsei University and ibs-cnm Seoul120-749 Korea Republic of

Intercalation is a robust method for tuning the physical properties of a vast number of van der Waals (vdW) materials. However, the prospects of using intercalation to modify magnetism in van der Waals (vdW) systems and the associated mechanisms have not been adequately studied. In this work, we modulated magnetic order in XY antiferromagnet NiPS3 single crystals by introducing pyridine molecules into the vdW’s gap under different thermal conditions. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated pronounced changes in the lattice parameter β, while magnetization measurements at in-plane and out-of-plane configurations exposed reversal trends in the crystals’ Néel temperatures through intercalation/deintercalation processes. The changes in magnetic ordering were also supported by three-dimensional thermal diffusivity experiments. The preferred orientation of the pyridine dipoles within the vdW gaps was deciphered via polarized Raman spectroscopy. The results highlighted the relationship between the preferential alignment of the intercalants, thermal transport, and crystallographic disorder, along with the modulation of anisotropy in the magnetic order. DFT + U calculations indicated that the varying interlayer exchange interactions, regulated by intercalants, were responsible for modulating samples’ magnetic ordering. The study uncovers the possible merit of intercalation for manipulating spin orientations in spin electronics and advanced quantum devices. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Magnetization reversal

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