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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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Unknown-input-proportional-differential Observer-based Event-triggered Intrusion-tolerant Control for Human-in-the-loop Multi-agent systems against Unconstrained Actuator and Sensor FDIAs

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IEEE Transactions on Automation science and engineering 2025年 22卷 15701-15712页

作者： Wang, Bo-Qun Guo, Xiang-Gui Wang, Jian-Liang Coutinho, Daniel Park, Ju H. University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Beijing100083 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Astronautics Harbin China Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan528000 China University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Beijing100083 China Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University Autonomous Intelligent Systems Department Hangzhou310051 China Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Department of Automation and Systems Florianópolis88040-900 Brazil Yeungnam University Department of Electrical Engineering Kyongsan38541 Korea Republic of

This paper investigates an intrusion-tolerant control problem for human-in-the-loop multi-agent systems (HILMASs) subjected to external disturbances and unconstrained actuator and sensor false data injection attacks (FDIAs) under directed graph. It is critical to emphasize that once a hacker gets to the control loop of the HILMAS, he can do whatever damage he wants, which means that the attack signal should be free of any constraints. Two main unconstrained attacks, i.e., unbounded FDIAs and variable-frequency FDIAs, are hard to accurately estimate and defend since the widely adopted constraints on the existing FDIAs such as the bounded or/and the bounded first-order derivative have been removed. To tackle this challenging obstacle, a novel unknown-input-proportional-differential observer (UIPDO) is developed to not only reconstruct the follower agents’ states as well as unconstrained actuator and sensor FDIAs simultaneously, but also avoid the decrease of estimation accuracy caused by measurement deviation. It should be noted that this measurement deviation may be extremely large as it is caused by unconstrained sensor FDIAs, which renders the traditional observer ineffective in providing reliable and accurate estimates of the system states and unconstrained actuator and sensor FDIAs. Then, a novel UIPDO-based intrusion-tolerant control strategy without requiring boundedness of the first-order derivatives of the FDIAs as in existing literature is proposed. Furthermore, an adaptive Zeno-free event-triggered mechanism (ETM) solely relying local state information is developed to reduce the communication burden. Finally, the numerical simulation is provided to verify the merits and effectiveness of the developed methodology. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal flow graphs

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Analysis on the Hesitation and its Application to Decision Making

Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering

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Decision Making: Applications in Management and engineering 2024年第2期7卷 15-34页

作者： Yang, Youpeng Lee, Sanghyuk Kim, Kyeong Soo Zhang, Haolan Huang, Xiaowei Pedrycz, Witold School of Advanced Technology Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Jiangsu Suzhou China Department of Computer Science University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom Department of Computer Science New Uzbekistan University Tashkent Uzbekistan SCDM Centre Zhejiang University Ningbo China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw00-901 Poland Research Center of Performance and Productivity Analysis Istinye University Istanbul Turkey

A novel score function based on the Poincaré metric is proposed and applied to a decision-making problem. Decision-making on Fuzzy Sets (FSs) has been considered due to the flexibility of the data, and it is applied to the decision-making. However, decisions with FSs are sometimes nondecisive even for different membership degrees. Hence, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) data is applied to design a score function for the decision-making with the Poincaré metric. This function is supported by the profound information of IFSs;IFSs include hesitation degree together with membership and non-membership degree. Hence, IFS membership and non-membership degree are expressed as two-dimensional vectors satisfying the Poincaré metric for simplification. At the same time, the proposed approach addresses the hesitation information in the IFS data. Next, a score function is proposed, constructed and provided. The proposed score function has a strict monotonic property and addresses the preference without resorting to the accuracy function. The strict monotonic property guarantees the preference of all attributes. Additionally, the existing problem of score function design in IFSs is addressed: they return zero scores even with different meanings for the same membership and non-membership degree. The advantages of the proposed score function over existing ones are demonstrated through illustrative examples. From the calculation results, the proposed decision score function discriminates between all candidates. Hence, the proposed research provides a solid foundation for the hesitation analysis on the decision-making problem. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Decision making

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Orthogonal matrix of polarization combinations:concept and application to multichannel holographic recording

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第10期7卷 4-13页

作者： Shujun Zheng Jiaren Tan Hongjie Liu Xiao Lin Yusuke Saita Takanori Nomura Xiaodi Tan Information Photonics Research Center College of Photonic and Electronic EngineeringFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and for Medicine of Ministry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics TechnologyFujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing ApplicationFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Faculty of Systems Engineering Wakayama University930 SakaedaniWakayama640-8510Japan.

Orthogonal matrices have become a vital means for coding and signal processing owing to their unique distributional *** orthogonal matrices based on amplitude or phase combinations have been extensively explored,the orthogonal matrix of polarization combinations(OMPC)is a novel,relatively unexplored ***,we propose a method for constructing OMPCs of any dimension encompassing 4n(where n is 1,2,4,8,…)mutually orthogonal 2ncomponent polarization *** the field of holography,the integration of polarization multiplexing techniques with polarization-sensitive materials is expected to emerge as a groundbreaking approach for multichannel hologram multiplexing,offering considerable enhancements in data storage capacity and security.A multidimensional OMPC enables the realization of multichannel multiplexing and dynamical modulation of information in polarization holographic *** consolidating all information into a single position within the material,we effectively avoided extraneous crosstalk during the reconstruction *** results show that achieving four distinct holographic images individually and simultaneously depends on the polarization combination represented by the incident *** discovery opens up a new avenue for achieving highly holographic information storage and dynamically displayed information,harnessing the potential of OMPC to expand the heretofore limited dimensionality of orthogonal polarization.

关键词： orthogonal matrix of polarization combinations polarization-modulated multiplexing multichannel recording polarization holography dynamical information modulation

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Inverse Design of a Strip-Slot Waveguide Mode Converter for Enhancing Nonlinear Performance

Inverse Design of a Strip-Slot Waveguide Mode Converter for ...

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Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： Ji-Hwan Park Jae-Yong Kim Seokjin Hong Berkay Neseli Hamza Kurt C4ISR Systems Center Defense Agency for Technology and Quality Jinju Korea Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering Daejeon Korea

We proposed a novel optimized strip-slot waveguide mode converter using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, achieving low insertion loss at around ∼1560 nm wavelength. OCIS codes: 230.0230, 230.7370

ISBN: (数字)9798350372076

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372083

关键词： Codes Waveguide components Waveguide lasers Insertion loss Lasers and electrooptics Laser modes Particle swarm optimization

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Real-Time Sensor Fault Tolerant Control of DC-DC Converters in DC Microgrids Using a Switching Unknown Input Observer

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 95837-95850页

作者： Ouahabi, Mohammed Said Benyounes, Abdelhafid Barkat, Said Ihammouchen, Syphax Rekioua, Toufik Rabehi, Abdelaziz El-Kenawy, El-Sayed M. Alharbi, Amal H. University of M’sila Electrical Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Technology M’sila28000 Algeria University of Bejaia Laboratoire de Technologie industrielle et de l’Information Bejaia06000 Algeria University of Djelfa Telecommunications and Smart Systems Laboratory PO Box 3117 Djelfa17000 Algeria PO Box 33349 Isa Town Bahrain Applied Science Private University Applied Science Research Center Amman Jordan Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Sciences P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

DC Microgrids are rapidly developing, driven by the increasing integration of renewable sources and dynamic loads. Their growing adoption in critical applications raises the need for operational safety and reliability, particularly under fault conditions. This paper presents a sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) for DC-DC power converters in DC Microgrids designed to maintain resilient and reliable operation. The proposed FTC leverages a single Switching Unknown Input Observer (SW-UIO) at the bottom control level to estimate arbitrary sensor faults with a high accuracy (0.3% fault estimation error), allowing a real-time identification and precise control reconfiguration to accommodate sensor faults with minimal computational burden. The approach is validated under diverse conditions, including time-varying loads, complete sensor failure, noise abnormality, and simultaneous faults/failure, achieving a consistent fault accommodation of 1μs from fault occurrence to compensation. Real-time simulation has been performed in the OPAL-RT environment to assess the efficacy and superiority of the proposed sensor fault tolerant strategy in comparison to reference FTC strategies. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Identification (control systems)

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A K -Band Four-Beam Transmitter with Decoupled Phase/Gain Control and Enhanced Power Back off Efficiency for SATCOM

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2024年第11期72卷 6443-6459页

作者： Gao, Huiyan Li, Nayu Xie, Xinhong Wang, Shaogang Lu, Hang Kuan, Yen-Cheng Yu, Xiaopeng Song, Chunyi Jane Gu, Qun Xu, Zhiwei Institute of Marine Electronics and Intelligent Systems Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan316021 China Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment Ministry of Education Zhoushan316021 China Donghai Laboratory Zhoushan316021 China National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University International College of Semiconductor Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of VLSI Design and Research College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China University of California at Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DavisCA95616 United States

This article presents a 17.7-20.2 GHz eight-element four-beam RF-beamforming transmitter in 65-nm CMOS for satellite communication (SATCOM). The transmitter utilizes an analog scheme in the variable-gain amplifier (VGA) to achieve dB-in-linear gain control with a high dynamic range (DR), together with a current combining crossbar for a compact footprint. The vector-modulation-based (VM-based) phase shifter (PS) adopts the cancellation-based Gm units for low switching variation. Furthermore, eight PSs of each beam are split into two groups, with each group sharing the same tunable I/Q generator for low power consumption. Considering the increased peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) caused by high-order modulation schemes and multibeam operation, the transmitter incorporates compact transformer-based Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) with adaptive bias control to improve the power efficiency at back-off. The chip achieves a 31-dB gain-tuning range with a 0.283-dB step and a 360° phase-shifting range with a calibrated 7-bit resolution. The measured root-mean-square (RMS) phase/gain errors induced by the VGA/PS are below 2.05°/0.147 dB, respectively, which decouples phase/gain control. The transmitter achieves a maximum output 1-dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of 17.9 dBm and a maximum saturated power (Psat) of 18.9 dBm. The output element exhibits 29.3% drain efficiency (DE) at 6-dB power back off (PBO) from Psat , which is 1.56/3.12 times over the normalized class-B/class-A implementations, demonstrating Doherty PBO efficiency enhancement. The chip occupies an area of 8.59 × 4.17 mm2 and consumes 398 mW per element at OP1dB. Additionally, a 16-element linear array has been developed to showcase the capabilities of the multibeam operation and gain tapering. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Efficiency

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Exploring Contextual Representation and Multi-modality for End-to-end Autonomous Driving

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engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2024年 135卷

作者： Azam, Shoaib Munir, Farzeen Kyrki, Ville Kucner, Tomasz Piotr Jeon, Moongu Pedrycz, Witold Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Aalto University Espoo Finland Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence Finland School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju61005 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6R 2V4 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw01-447 Poland

Learning contextual and spatial environmental representations enhances autonomous vehicle's hazard anticipation and decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent perception systems enhance spatial understanding with sensor fusion but often lack global environmental context. Humans, when driving, naturally employ neural maps that integrate various factors such as historical data, situational subtleties, and behavioral predictions of other road users to form a rich contextual understanding of their surroundings. This neural map-based comprehension is integral to making informed decisions on the road. In contrast, even with their significant advancements, autonomous systems have yet to fully harness this depth of human-like contextual understanding. Motivated by this, our work draws inspiration from human driving patterns and seeks to formalize the sensor fusion approach within an end-to-end autonomous driving framework. We introduce a framework that integrates three cameras (left, right, and center) to emulate the human field of view, coupled with top-down bird-eye-view semantic data to enhance contextual representation. The sensor data is fused and encoded using a self-attention mechanism, leading to an auto-regressive waypoint prediction module. We treat feature representation as a sequential problem, employing a vision transformer to distill the contextual interplay between sensor modalities. The efficacy of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated in both open and closed-loop settings. Our method achieves displacement error by 0.67m in open-loop settings, surpassing current methods by 6.9% on the nuScenes dataset. In closed-loop evaluations on CARLA's Town05 Long and Longest6 benchmarks, the proposed method enhances driving performance, route completion, and reduces infractions. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Machine learning for battery quality classification and lifetime prediction using formation data

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Energy and AI 2024年第4期18卷 518-530页

作者： Jiayu Zou Yingbo Gao Moritz H.Frieges Martin F.Börner Achim Kampker Weihan Li Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives(ISEA)RWTH Aachen UniversityCampus-Boulevard 8952074 AachenGermany Center for Ageing Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems(CARL)RWTH Aachen UniversityCampus-Boulevard 89AachenGermany Department of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University52056 AachenGermany Chair of Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components(PEM) RWTH Aachen UniversityBohr 1252072 AachenGermany Juelich Aachen Research Alliance JARA-EnergyGermany

Accurate classification of battery quality and prediction of battery lifetime before leaving the factory would bring economic and safety ***,we propose a data-driven approach with machine learning to classify the battery quality and predict the battery lifetime before usage only using formation *** extract three classes of features from the raw formation data,considering the statistical aspects,differential analysis,and electro-chemical *** correlation between over 100 extracted features and the battery lifetime is analysed based on the ageing *** learning models are developed to classify battery quality and predict battery lifetime by features with a high correlation with battery *** validation results show that the quality classification model achieved accuracies of 89.74% and 89.47% for the batteries aged at 25℃ and 45℃,***,the lifetime prediction model is able to predict the battery end-of-life with mean per-centage errors of 6.50% and 5.45%for the batteries aged at 25℃ and 45℃,*** work highlights the potential of battery formation data from production lines in quality classification and lifetime prediction.

关键词： Battery Formation Quality classification Life prediction Machine learning

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Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Epilepsy and Control Groups 22

Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Ep...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Harding, J. Mason Pourmotabbed, Haatef Li, Yamin Rogge-Obando, Kimberly Wang, Kate Goodale, Sarah E. Wang, Shiyu Bibro, Camden Allee, Bergen Martin, Caroline Morgan, Victoria L. Englot, Dario J. Chang, Catie Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Computer Science Vanderbilt University United States Neuroscience Graduate Program Vanderbilt University United States Departments of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States Departments of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

EEG and fMRI are complementary, noninvasive technologies for investigating human brain function. These modalities have been used to uncover large-scale functional networks and their disruptions in clinical populations. Given the high temporal resolution of EEG and high spatial resolution of fMRI, integrating these modalities can provide a more holistic understanding of brain activity. This work explores a multimodal source decomposition technique for extracting shared modes of temporal variation between fMRI BOLD signals and EEG spectral power fluctuations in the resting state. The resulting components are then compared between patients with focal epilepsy and controls, revealing multimodal network differences between groups. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Brain mapping

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