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Scalable intensity-based photonic matrix-vector multiplication processor using single-wavelength time-division-multiplexed signals

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Optics Letters 2025年第11期50卷 3656-3659页

作者： Chengli Chai Rui Tang Makoto Okano Kasidit Toprasertpong Shinichi Takagi Mitsuru Takenaka Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Photonics-Electronics Integration Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan

Photonic integrated circuits provide a compact platform for ultrafast and energy-efficient matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) in the optical domain. Recently, schemes based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) have been proposed as scalable approaches for realizing large-scale photonic MVM processors. However, existing demonstrations rely on coherent detection or multiple wavelengths, both of which complicate their operations. In this work, we demonstrate a scalable TDM-based photonic MVM processor that uses only single-wavelength intensity-modulated optical signals, thereby avoiding coherent detection and enabling simplified operations. A 32-channel processor is fabricated on a Si-on-insulator (SOI) platform and used to experimentally perform convolution operations in a convolutional neural network (CNN) for handwritten digit recognition, achieving a classification accuracy of 93.47% for 1500 images.

关键词： Extinction ratios Heterodyne detection Multiplexing Neural networks Optical signals Photonic integrated circuits

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Impact of Hydrogen Incorporation on Performance and PBS Instability in Ultrathin ALD-InOxFETs

Impact of Hydrogen Incorporation on Performance and PBS Inst...

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Annual International Symposium on Reliability Physics

作者： C. -T. Chen T. Irisawa S. Migita Y. Morita H. Ota T. Maeda K. Toprasertpong Semiconductor Frontier Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331504779

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504786

We have investigated the impact of H-impurity in AlO x -passivated ultrathin ALD-InO x bottom-gate FETs on positive bias stress (PBS) behavior. While the devices fabricated on SiO 2 with N 2 annealing show better current characteristics and long-term stress stability, the devices fabricated on the ALD-deposited AlO x dielectric show abnormal negative-V th shift and change of stability behavior with N 2 annealing. These PBS instabilities in ultrathin InO x , FET are attributed to the H-incorporation from the gate dielectric.

关键词： Silicon compounds Annealing Thermal factors Hydrogen Field effect transistors Process control Dielectrics Reliability Thermal stability Stress

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Data-Driven Power Flow Estimation for MVDC Distribution systems Based on Physics-Embedded FCN

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Sun, Pingyang Wu, Rongcheng Shen, Zhiwei Wang, Hongyi Li, Gen Khalid, Muhammad Konstantinou, Georgios School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications UNSW Sydney Australia University of Technology Sydney Data Science Institute Australia Aalborg University Department of AAU energy Denmark Energy Technology and Computer Science Section Department of Engineering Technology Ballerup2750 Denmark King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Electrical Engineering Department Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia

Maintaining high prediction accuracy with varying grid topologies poses a significant challenge to adopting neural network (NN)-based approaches for power flow (PF) estimation in medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) distribution systems. This paper proposes a physics-embedded fully convolutional network (PEFCN) to improve the accuracy. Physics-embedded techniques are incorporated in the proposed PEFCN through 1) architecture reconstruction, and 2) loss function reformulation. Architecture is reconstructed by input channel conversion calculation in a new physics operation layer. This process offers physical connections among the three input matrix channels (voltage, current, and line conductance). Three new physics loss terms are included in the loss function to restrict the outliers violating the limits of converter power ratings and terminal MVDC voltages. The two operations enable the FCN to achieve improved prediction accuracy and strong generalization capabilities. Five MVDC distribution systems, characterized by different dc voltage levels and topology configurations, serve to validate the superiority of the proposed PEFCN over other NNs in the PF estimation for scenarios involving both fixed and varying system structures. Moreover, a modified IEEE 69-bus distribution system is further used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed PEFCN for larger systems. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： DC distribution systems

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A Stackelberg Game Framework for Energy Internet System By Operator Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年

作者： Chen, Yue Yi, Peng Lei, Jinlong Li, Xiangjun Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education China China Electric Power Research Institute National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid-Integration Energy Storage and Electrical Engineering Department Beijing100192 China

This paper proposes a Stackelberg game framework for managing an Energy Internet System that integrates renewable energy generation, energy conversion, and energy trading. The system comprises hubs controlled by competing energy companies, incorporating both external energy trading and peer-to-peer energy exchanges. It involves multiple stakeholders whose decisions are interdependent, creating challenges in decision-making. To tackle these challenges, we propose a networked Stackelberg game framework with two main objectives. First, from the energy companies' perspective, the companies make decisions by considering strategic interactions with other companies while accounting for the best responses of passive consumers within peer-to-peer constraints. Second, from the consumer side, consumers adjust their decisions based on their observations of the companies' strategies. The framework adopts a hierarchical decision-making structure in which energy companies act as leaders, formulating strategies that anticipate consumer demand responses, while competing within a Nash game. Meanwhile, consumer clusters, managed by demand management centers, modify their energy usage based on an incentive price mechanism. To search for the equilibrium, we develop an operator-theoretic approach that combines implicit gradient methods with proximal operator splitting techniques, and prove its convergence. Numerical studies and simulations on a combined IEEE 37-bus and gas source model with multiple energy hubs validate the model's effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The results demonstrate the operational efficiency and strategic stability of the system, emphasizing the advantages of active market participation for both energy companies and consumers. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Demand response

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Laser-patterned gold-leaf/WPU conductive films for flexible electronics

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Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2025年 391卷

作者： Sheng, Bin Zhou, Jingyu Wen, Ziqi Tang, Lei Zhang, Dawei School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems Shanghai200093 China

Gold is typically used as conductive layers in wearable electronics because of their good conductivity and chemical stability;however, the weak adhesion between gold films and flexible substrates is a persistent engineering issue. In this report, we introduce a convenient and unique process for preparing flexible conductive films compounded with traditional gold leaf of 110-nm thickness and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) film, which meet the highest ASTM class standard of 5B and has excellent adhesion strength (not less than 440 N/m) between the gold leaf and the WPU film. The resulting gold-leaf/WPU conductive film (GWCF) exhibits excellent conductivity (1.14 ×107 S/m) and a sheet resistance of 0.8Ω/sq and a 50 % stretchable working range, GF (61.3). The average adhesion strength of the gold leaf on the WPU film (prepared via in-situ polymerization) was 1257 ± 50 N/m. The sensor withstood 2000 finger frictions and 500 contact frictions, maintaining stable resistance without significant changes, and was successfully developed into strain sensors for gesture recognition. Furthermore, rear-side laser ablation method was used for high-precision patterning of gold leaf (with minimum line width of 50 µm and minimum line pitch of 25 µm), resulting various flexible electrodes of shapes. The flexible humidity sensor with interdigital electrode of GWCF and graphene oxide shows high sensitivity, repeatability, and stability under bending;and GWCF-based flexible circuits offer high transparency, waterproofing, and stable deformation, with applications in wearables and fabric-integrated LED circuits. Additionally, a flexible smart remote controller using GWCF was developed for omnidirectional control of a smart vehicle via Bluetooth, enhancing human-machine interaction. In summary, this study presents an easy and cost-effective approach to fabricating flexible gold electrodes with great potential for flexible electronics applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Flexible electronics

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Synergetic effects of multiple junction and surface hydroxyl in Cu/CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures towards highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation

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Materials science for Energy Technologies 2025年 8卷 131-142页

作者： Subagyo, Riki Anindika, Garcelina Rizky Aufkani, Afif Akmal Zhang, Lei Ardhyananta, Hosta Burhan, R.Y. Perry Nugraheni, Zjahra Vianita Akhlus, Syafsir Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Wellia, Diana Vanda Ivansyah, Atthar Luqman Arramel Kusumawati, Yuly Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Analytic Data Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry Nano Center Indonesia Jl PUSPIPTEK South Tangerang Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Padang25163 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No.10 West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

The implementation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst material in hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) has embarked renewed interest in the past decade. Rapid electron-hole pairs recombination and wide band gap of a photo-sensitive material of TiO2 are detrimental toward the targeted catalytical reaction. In this study, we present the rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance of TiO2-Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterostructures (CuTi) using viable chemical reduction method. The Z-scheme and S-scheme are succesfully generated across the TiO2/CuO/Cu2O interfaces, while the Schottky junction arises on the Cu perimeters. This is evidenced from the blue shifted about 0.3 eV of Cu 2p core level determined by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with the formation of inverse V-shape of the Mott-Schottky plots. In addition, we find that Cu/CuO/Cu2O facilitates photon absorption range up to the visible region. The multiple heterojunction and the large number of OHsurface enhanced charge carrier transfer are associated to the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity, high surface hydroxyl (OHsurface) density in CuTi probed by XPS, and fast electron transfer based on the electrochemical measurements. The presence of OHsurface inhibits the recombination of electron. A significant H2 photogeneration rate enhancement is achieved when an optimized 5 wt% Cu/CuO/Cu2O concentration is used on TiO2 to achieve 7,157.19 μmol·g−1 (1,789.30 μmol·g−1·h−1). Based on this finding, zero emission energy innitiative could be materialized under multiple heterojunctions in photocatalytic process is beneficial for enhancing the H2 production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The Institute of electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Second harmonic Bessel-Gauss beam shaping with elliptic axicon aberrations

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013012-013012页

作者： Tianhong Wang Finn Buldt Pascal Bassène Saad Bin Ali Reza Edwin Fohtung Thomas A. Searles Chiu Tai Law Moussa N'Gom Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy New York 12180 USA The Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Center for Materials Devices and Integrated Systems (CMDIS) Low center RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2102 USA

The second harmonic (SH) of an axicon generated Bessel-Gauss beam is created through the nonlinear interaction of photons with a crystal, resulting in the energy doubling of the output photons. In this work, we show experimentally that in addition to frequency doubling, the SH of Bessel-Gauss beams under asymmetric aberrations from an elliptic axicon exhibit intriguing beam formation. Particularly, the central region of the SH beam profile is composed of two central spots of various geometries surrounded by nested ellipses; one of which is the configuration of two central gamma dots with similar radius knotted by nested ellipses for a zeroth-order Bessel-Gauss pump. These SH beams consistently maintain their spatial profile throughout propagation, reminiscing the behavior of screw dislocations in wave patterns. Our numerical simulations produce beam dynamics consistent with that of experiments and further implicate the remarkable interweaving of bright spots with dark vortices. This is especially noticeable when the beams dynamically oscillate along the optical axis, resulting in the genesis of spatially polarized beams with a knotted framework. The insights gained from our study establish a novel paradigm for exploring interactions of Bessel-like beams with vortex dynamics. This, in turn, has the potential to spark innovations in optical applications, fostering new methodologies to harness and manipulate complex light structures. Our experimental findings could spur new methods of generating logical states of light and new opportunities for material processing control.

关键词： Aberrations

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High-performance UV polarization sensitive photodetector for a graphene(2D)/GaN(3D) junction with a non-centrosymmetric electric field

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Photonics Research 2025年第6期13卷 1544-1553页

作者： Can Zou Qing Liu Lu Zhang Xiao Tang Xiaohang Li Shuti Li Fangliang Gao Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Electronic Science and Engineering (School of Microelectronics) South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Program CEMSE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 239556900 Saudi Arabia e-mail: lishuti@*** e-mail: gaofl@m.***

This study pioneers a high-performance UV polarization-sensitive photodetector by ingeniously integrating non-centrosymmetric metal nanostructures into a graphene ( Gr ) / Al 2 O 3 / GaN heterojunction. Unlike conventional approaches constrained by graphene’s intrinsic isotropy or complex nanoscale patterning, our design introduces asymmetric metal architectures (E-/T-type) to artificially create directional anisotropy. These structures generate plasmon-enhanced localized electric fields that selectively amplify photogenerated carrier momentum under polarized UV light (325 nm), synergized with Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT) across an atomically thin Al 2 O 3 barrier. The result is a breakthrough in performance: a record anisotropy ratio of 115.5 (E-type, − 2 V ) and exceptional responsivity (97.7 A/W), surpassing existing graphene-based detectors by over an order of magnitude. Crucially, by systematically modulating metal geometry and density, we demonstrate a universal platform adaptable to diverse 2D/3D systems. This study provides a valuable reference for developing and practically applying photodetectors with higher anisotropy than ultraviolet polarization sensitivity.

关键词： Chemical vapor deposition Metals Nanostructures Quantum efficiency Surface plasmon resonance X-ray diffraction

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A GNN-Based Learning Approach for Energy Optimization in Relay-Assisted IoT Networks

A GNN-Based Learning Approach for Energy Optimization in Rel...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Huapeng Yang Han Ji Zhangqin Huang Xiping Wu Beijing Engineering Research Center for IoT Software and Systems College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

Minimizing energy consumption is critical for the long-range (LoRa) Internet of Things (IoT) networks, to extend the battery lifetime of end devices (EDs) while reducing the maintenance cost. To overcome the excessive computational complexity required by the traditional optimization methods, learning approaches such as deep neural network (DNN) and reinforcement learning (RL) have been researched in wireless networks, where star topologies are widely employed. In contrast, LoRa usually deploys relays to assist the connection between the EDs and the gateway (GW), leading to a much more complex network topology. Consequently, DNN and RL would become less effective in LoRa, since those methods are difficult to learn the complex network topology constructed by LoRa. In this paper, we propose a learning method based on graph neural network (GNN), which is known for its prominent ability to capture and represent intricate graph-structural dependencies, to tackle the energy optimization problem for relay-assisted LoRa. Specifically, the multi-hop LoRa network is modeled as a directed graph, with channel state information (CSI) defined as node features, while the spreading factor and transmission power are deemed labels. A hierarchical message aggregation mechanism is proposed to effectively capture the multi-hop structural dependencies, followed by the process of inductive learning. Results show that against conventional optimization algorithms, the proposed method can achieve near-optimal energy consumption with a gap of 10% to 16%, while reducing the runtime by about six orders of magnitude. Compared to DNN, the GNN-based model can provide an energy saving of up to 32%, at a similar level of inference time.

关键词： Energy consumption Runtime Wireless networks LoRa Artificial neural networks Spread spectrum communication Complex networks Graph neural networks Topology Internet of Things

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