The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a high protein content fish with delicious taste that can survive for 6-8months. The growth performance and nutrient quality of Asian swamp eels in a freshwater aquaculture sy...
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The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a high protein content fish with delicious taste that can survive for 6-8months. The growth performance and nutrient quality of Asian swamp eels in a freshwater aquaculture system in central java, Indonesia was studied using a completely randomized design. Golden snails, snails, silkworms, and earthworms were the feeding treatments at 5% of total body weight. The test animals weighed 5.68 +/- 0.35g after a 60-day culture, and the density was 36eels/m(2). Providing different types of feed had significant effects (P<0.05) on relative growth rate (RGR), feed intake, and survival rate (SR) but did not significantly affect the protein efficiency ratio (P>0.05). The best final weight, RGR, and SR results were 11.80g, 2.64%, and 80.95% during a 60-day culture with silkworms used as feed. The nutrient quality in a similar treatment found with the best proximate composition was 76.90% protein, 3.24% fat, 25.19% palmitic acid, 15.41% oleic acid, 15.9% glutamic acid, 8.2% isoleucine, and 8.9% lysine.
Reasons for the growth of interest in astrophysics and astronomy are discussed. The two main reasons are firstly the solar eclipse of June 1983 and secondly publicity given to the regular N.A.S.A. shuttle flights. How...
Reasons for the growth of interest in astrophysics and astronomy are discussed. The two main reasons are firstly the solar eclipse of June 1983 and secondly publicity given to the regular N.A.S.A. shuttle flights. However, radioastronomy will develop much faster than optical astronomy because the site requirements are much less stringent than for optical astronomy and the technical infrastructure is readily available.
Approximately 1,000 tonnes of solid waste are generated in Semarang every day, only 850 tonnes of which are transferred to the Jatibarang Landfill. Solid waste that is not transferred to the landfill can trigger envir...
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Approximately 1,000 tonnes of solid waste are generated in Semarang every day, only 850 tonnes of which are transferred to the Jatibarang Landfill. Solid waste that is not transferred to the landfill can trigger environmental and health problems. With the help of community groups, reduction of solid waste is achievable using 'the three Rs' of waste reduction and the implementation of waste banks. Waste banks could act as mediums for depositing waste, improve the socioeconomic status of local residents, and develop community connections. Waste banks improve the volume of waste reduction and reduce landfilled waste, helping to extend the operational life of landfills. This study examined the role of waste banks in Semarang and the potential to improve waste management based on the sampling of solid waste generation and composition. This topic was investigated with a purposive sampling method. Results showed that the existing system of waste banks in Semarang is ineffective in reducing waste. However, the system could be improved by increasing waste bank usage, including for various types of valuable waste in Semarang.
The low and unstable yields of rainfed lowland rice in central java can be attributed to drought, nutrient stress, pest infestation or a combination of these factors. Field experiments were conducted in six crop seaso...
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The low and unstable yields of rainfed lowland rice in central java can be attributed to drought, nutrient stress, pest infestation or a combination of these factors. Field experiments were conducted in six crop seasons from 1997 to 2000 at Jakenan Experiment Station to quantify the yield loss due to these factors. Experimental treatments-two water supply levels (well-watered, rainfed) in the main plots and five fertilizer levels (0-22-90, 120-0-90, 120-22-0, 120-22-90, 144-27-108 kg NPK ha(-1)) in the subplots-were laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. Crop, soil, and water parameters were recorded and pest infestations were assessed. In all seasons, rice yield was significantly influenced by fertilizer treatments. Average yield reduction due to N omission was 42%, to K omission 33-36%, and to P omission 3-4%. Water by nutrient interactions did not affect rice yield and biomass production. In two of the three dry seasons, an average of 20% of the panicles were damaged by pests and estimated yield loss from pests was 56-59% in well-watered and well-fertilized treatments. In one out of six seasons, yields under rainfed conditions were 20-23% lower than under well-watered conditions. Drought, N and K deficiencies, and pest infestation are the major determinants for high yields in rainfed environments in Jakenan. Supplying adequate nutrient and good pest control are at least as important as drought management for increasing crop productivity of rainfed rice-growing areas in central java. The relative importance of drought, nutrient and pest management may vary in other rainfed areas. Yield constraints analysis should be systematically carried out to identify appropriate management strategies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The damage to ecosystem due to limestone mining in karst mountain has decreased the productivity rate of indigenous forage. Dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) has been introduced to used for limeston...
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The damage to ecosystem due to limestone mining in karst mountain has decreased the productivity rate of indigenous forage. Dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) has been introduced to used for limestone mining area of karst mountain in Gombong, central java Indonesia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the intake level of dwarf elephant grass as the indigenous forage-based goat feed derived from the karst mountain in Gombong, central java Indonesia. The experimental method with in vitro was used to measure the different ration level of dwarf elephant grass i.e. R0: 0%, R1: 25%, R2: 50% and R3: 75%. The result reported that the dry matter digestibility of R0 : 60.95% +/- 3.82, R1 : 63.06% +/- 2.77, R2 : 61.83% +/- 2,00, andR3 : 59.62% +/- 2.04;organic matter digestibility of R0 : 53.79% +/- 1.78, R1 : 56.82% +/- 2.42, R2 : 55.95% +/- 1.75, and R3 : 55.63% +/- 1.53;the production of volatile fatty acids of R0 :124 mM +/- 7.48, R1 :122mM +/- 5.16 R2 :142 mM +/- 12.44 and R3 :126mM +/- 3.65;N-NH3 R0 : 3.30 mM +/- 0.26, R1 : 2.80 mM +/- 0.33, R2 : 2.75 mM +/- 0.44 and R3 : 2.45 mM +/- *** result of experiment showed that the supplementation of 25% dwarf elephant grass of the total forage could improve the kinetics of ruminal fermentation.
The study was aimed to obtain information regarding feed given and mineralstatus (Ca, P) in fodder and beef cattle in Jratunseluna river basin. Feed and drinking water given by farmers identified for 14 days and extra...
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The study was aimed to obtain information regarding feed given and mineralstatus (Ca, P) in fodder and beef cattle in Jratunseluna river basin. Feed and drinking water given by farmers identified for 14 days and extracted sampling for mineralanalysis, t-test was used to compare mineral status in upland and lowland. Results of the research showed that feed given by farmers were varying. The ratio of forage/concentrates in lowland and upland areas was different, i.e. 67: 33 and 30: 70, respectivelly. Ca content on forage given in upland areas ranged from 0.17 to 0.74%, and concentrates from 0.002 to 0.49%, while Ca content on forage given in lowland areas ranged from 0.33 to 0.52%, and concentrates ranged from 0.38 to 0.49%. P content on forage in upland areas ranged from 0.02 to 0.04%, concentrates ranged from 0.018 to 0.09%,while P content on forage in lowland areas ranged from 0.03 to 0.07%, and concentrates ranged from 0.04 to 0.07%. Ca and P consumption in upland areas were 301.06 and 54.73 g, and 391.92 and 65.70 g in *** P content of beef cattle's hair in upland were 0.14 and 0.01%, while in lowland areas were 0.11 and 0.03%. It can be concluded that Ca and P intakeof beef cattle in Jratunseluna river basin were less and mineral status of Ca and P in marginal condition.
Anchovies (Stolephorus sp) is one of the pelagic fish resources which has economic value and abundant in Indonesia waters. The fishing gear to be used to catch Anchovies is the waring purse seine. Demak is one of the ...
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Anchovies (Stolephorus sp) is one of the pelagic fish resources which has economic value and abundant in Indonesia waters. The fishing gear to be used to catch Anchovies is the waring purse seine. Demak is one of the fishing base of the waring purse seine in central java. This study aims to analyze the relationship between length-weight, the frequency distribution of anchovy length in Semarang, and Demak waters. This research used an explorative survey method, while the measuring method of fish samples was purposive sampling. Data for Anchovy were obtained in May and October 2018. The correlation between the length-weight of Anchovy in May obtained a value of b=2.759. The longest Anchovy (May) measuring 76.69 mm, weighing 8.8 g, while the shortest size was 34.17 mm, weighing 1.97 g and mode at the mean value of 58.50 mm. The correlation between Anchovy length-weight (October) obtained a value of b =2.126. While the longest Anchovy measures 94.06 mm, weighing of 5.94 g, and the smallest size was 43.68 mm, weighing of 1.44 g while the mode was 65.30 mm in the mean. The catch of Anchovy in October was more feasible to catch than in May.
Magnetic properties, in the form of magnetic susceptibility (chi) and frequency-dependent susceptibility (chi(fd)) were measured on scores of samples made of fishes from river nearby Semarang, central java. Semarang i...
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Magnetic properties, in the form of magnetic susceptibility (chi) and frequency-dependent susceptibility (chi(fd)) were measured on scores of samples made of fishes from river nearby Semarang, central java. Semarang is one of the major cities in Indonesia, where the river systems are very likely to be contaminated by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study is to identify the presence of heavy metals in the fishes that will determine the suitability of these fishes for healthy food. The results show that magnetic susceptibility varies from -0.3 to 13.8 x 10(-8) m(3)/kg, while the frequency-dependent susceptibility is less than 3% indicating the predominance of ferromagnetic minerals. Quantitative chemical analyses on four samples show consistently high concentration of Ca, while Fe, Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni present a few in some of the samples. This finding shows that the fishes are suitable for the ongoing research on environmental magnetism.
The development of the industrial sector in Indonesia produces benefits and carries risks, one of which is air pollution. Industrial estates play an important role as economic growth sources with their emissions shoul...
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The development of the industrial sector in Indonesia produces benefits and carries risks, one of which is air pollution. Industrial estates play an important role as economic growth sources with their emissions should have cared about carrying air quality capacity in their area. The projected carrying capacity of air quality is predicted using a simple box model with the emission factor using IPPS. Historical ambient air quality measurements in this area were also collected. Based on the calculation, results show the constructed industries emission load of SO2, NO2, CO, VOC, and TSP 109 tons/year, 128 tons/year, 42 tons/year, 1263 tons/year, and 2008 tons/year. To comply with the ambient air quality standard, the maximum number of industries that can be accommodated in those areas is 190 industries. The critical parameter for violating ambient air quality standard is TSP. Thus, air pollution control strategy should be focused on reducing TSP emission load.
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